• Graduation Quotes To Lead You Into The Next Chapter

    Every spring, graduates of colleges and universities around the US are awarded their degrees at commencement ceremonies. “Pomp and Circumstance” will be played, mortarboard caps will be thrown, and a commencement address will be given by a notable figure. The goal of a commencement address is to give advice that can be taken into the “real world” after graduation. It’s an opportunity to reflect on what values are truly meaningful, the importance of education, and how to make a difference. Graduate or not, we can all stand to learn from the words of writers, politicians, musicians, and others. These 12 quotes from some of the most impactful or notable commencement addresses will inspire you, challenge you, and give you a new sense of purpose.

    1. “The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day.”
    —David Foster Wallace, 2005 Kenyon College commencement

    myriad

    In one of the most famous commencement addresses of all time, “This is Water,” writer David Foster Wallace encouraged graduates to rethink their ideas about freedom. The word myriad [ mir-ee-uhd ] means “of an indefinitely great number; innumerable.” Myriad comes from the Greek for “ten thousand,” and can be used in English to mean the same, but DFW didn’t have this meaning in mind here.

    2. “I don’t know what your future is, but if you are willing to take the harder way, the more complicated one, the one with more failures at first than successes, the one that has ultimately proven to have more meaning, more victory, more glory then you will not regret it.”
    —Chadwick Boseman, 2018 Howard University commencement

    glory

    The actor Chadwick Boseman died tragically at a young age from colon cancer. Knowing this makes his words to graduates at his alma mater, Howard, even more poignant. He shares his ideas about how one can achieve glory, “very great praise, honor, or distinction bestowed by common consent; renown.” While today glory has a very positive connotation, this wasn’t always the case. In its earliest uses, glory was used more in the sense of vainglory, “excessive elation or pride over one’s own achievements.”

    3. “As every past generation has had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance of truisms and stereotypes, so in our own time we must move on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to a new, difficult, but essential confrontation with reality. For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie—deliberate, contrived, and dishonest—but the myth—persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.”
    —President John F. Kennedy, 1962 Yale University commencement

    disenthrall

    President John F. Kennedy spent most of his 1962 commencement speech at Yale talking about his vision of government, but he also took time to give advice to the graduates. He says young people need to disenthrall themselves from old myths and stereotypes. Disenthrall is a verb meaning “to free from bondage; liberate.” Thrall is an old word meaning “a person who is morally or mentally enslaved by some power” or, more simply, “slavery.”

    4. “[T]hough it’s crucial to make a living, that shouldn’t be your inspiration or your aspiration. Do it for yourself, your highest self, for your own pride, joy, ego, gratification, expression, love, fulfillment, happiness—whatever you want to call it.”
    —Billy Joel, 1993 Berklee College of Music commencement

    fulfillment

    Activist and musician Billy Joel, addressing graduates of the prestigious music school Berklee College, gave advice on how to direct creative energies to making the world a better place. He encourages them to do work for their own fulfillment, “the state or act of bringing something to realization.” Fulfillment is often used to describe the feeling one has when one accomplishes something of personal significance.

    5. “I want you all to stay true to the most real, most sincere, most authentic parts of yourselves. I want you to ask those basic questions: Who do you want to be? What inspires you? How do you want to give back?”
    —First Lady Michelle Obama, 2015 Tuskegee University commencement

    authentic

    On a similar note as Billy Joel, former First Lady Michelle Obama exhorts students to be authentic, which here means “representing one’s true nature or beliefs; true to oneself.” The word authentic comes from the Greek authentikós, meaning “original, primary, at first hand.”

    6. “I hope you are never victims, but I hope you have no power over other people. And when you fail, and are defeated, and in pain, and in the dark, then I hope you will remember that darkness is your country, where you live, where no wars are fought and no wars are won, but where the future is.”
    —Ursula K. Le Guin, 1983 Mills College commencement

    future

    Science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin was no stranger to imagining new worlds and possibilities. So it makes sense that she talked to graduates about the future, “time that is to be or come hereafter.” While today we use future as a noun and adjective, in the mid-1600s, future was also used as a verb to mean “to put off to a future day,” as in They future their work because they are lazy.

    7. “As you approach your future, there will be ample opportunity to becomejadedand cynical, but I urge you to resist cynicism—the world is still a beautiful place and change is possible.”
    —Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 2011 Harvard University commencement

    jaded

    Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is the former president of Liberia and was the first woman to lead an African nation. She spoke at her alma mater, Harvard, about the importance of advocating for change. She notes that many people become jaded as they age, a word that here means “worn out or wearied, as by overwork or overuse.” This sense of jaded comes from the Middle English jade, “a worn-out, broken-down, worthless, or vicious horse.”

    8. “Everything meaningful about this moment, and these four years, will be meaningful inside you, not outside you … As long as you store it inside yourself, it’s not going anywhere—or it’s going everywhere with you.”
    —Margaret Edson, 2008 Smith College commencement

    meaningful

    Educator and playwright Margaret Edson told graduates at Smith College that they will carry what is meaningful about their experience with them throughout their lives. Meaningful means “full of meaning, significance, purpose, or value.” Meaningful is formed from a combination of meaning and the suffix -ful, meaning “full of” or “characterized by.” It’s one of many suffixes from Old English that is still present in our language today.

    9. “If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion. Honor your calling. Everyone has one.”
    —Oprah Winfrey, 2008 Stanford commencement

    harness

    Television host Oprah Winfrey is known for being an inspiration, and her commencement speech at Stanford University in 2008 was certainly inspirational. She urged students to “harness [their] power to [their] passion.” Harness here is being used figuratively and as a verb to mean “to bring under conditions for effective use; gain control over for a particular end.” Harness comes from the Old Norse *hernest meaning “provisions for an armed force.” The word’s meaning has changed quite a lot since! [checking]

    10. “When things are going sweetly and peacefully, please pause a moment, and then say out loud, “If this isn’t nice, what is?””
    —Kurt Vonnegut, 1999 Agnes Scott College commencement

    sweetly

    The writer Kurt Vonnegut wanted graduates to take time to reflect on the goodness in life. He describes this as “when things are going sweetly,” a word commonly associated with sugar but that can also describe anything “pleasing or agreeable; delightful.” Sweet is an interesting word that is closely related to its ancient Proto-Indo-European original. You can learn more about the history of the word at our entry for sweet.

    11. “From my point of view, which is that of a storyteller, I see your life as already artful, waiting, just waiting and ready for you to make it art.”
    —Toni Morrison, 2004 Wellesley College commencement

    artful

    Novelist Toni Morrison in her commencement address at Wellesley College told graduates she saw their lives as artful. While this word can mean “slyly crafty or cunning; deceitful; tricky,” it is clear from the context that Morrison meant it in the sense of “done with or characterized by art or skill.” In other words, the graduates have the skills, power, and beauty to create a good life.

    12. “If I must give any of you advice it would be Say Yes. Say Yes, And … and create your own destiny.”
    —Maya Rudolph, 2015 Tulane University commencement

    destiny

    Graduation is a time to think about the future and one’s destiny, in the sense of “something that is to happen or has happened to a particular person or thing; lot or fortune.” Destiny is often taken to be something that is “predetermined, usually inevitable or irresistible.” But actor Maya Rudolph takes this word in a different direction, saying graduates should “create [their] own destiny.”

    Graduation season is a time to consider our own futures, destinies, passions, and desires. We hope these inspiring words give you something to chew on as you go forth into the “real world.”

    Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Graduation Quotes To Lead You Into The Next Chapter Every spring, graduates of colleges and universities around the US are awarded their degrees at commencement ceremonies. “Pomp and Circumstance” will be played, mortarboard caps will be thrown, and a commencement address will be given by a notable figure. The goal of a commencement address is to give advice that can be taken into the “real world” after graduation. It’s an opportunity to reflect on what values are truly meaningful, the importance of education, and how to make a difference. Graduate or not, we can all stand to learn from the words of writers, politicians, musicians, and others. These 12 quotes from some of the most impactful or notable commencement addresses will inspire you, challenge you, and give you a new sense of purpose. 1. “The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day.” —David Foster Wallace, 2005 Kenyon College commencement myriad In one of the most famous commencement addresses of all time, “This is Water,” writer David Foster Wallace encouraged graduates to rethink their ideas about freedom. The word myriad [ mir-ee-uhd ] means “of an indefinitely great number; innumerable.” Myriad comes from the Greek for “ten thousand,” and can be used in English to mean the same, but DFW didn’t have this meaning in mind here. 2. “I don’t know what your future is, but if you are willing to take the harder way, the more complicated one, the one with more failures at first than successes, the one that has ultimately proven to have more meaning, more victory, more glory then you will not regret it.” —Chadwick Boseman, 2018 Howard University commencement glory The actor Chadwick Boseman died tragically at a young age from colon cancer. Knowing this makes his words to graduates at his alma mater, Howard, even more poignant. He shares his ideas about how one can achieve glory, “very great praise, honor, or distinction bestowed by common consent; renown.” While today glory has a very positive connotation, this wasn’t always the case. In its earliest uses, glory was used more in the sense of vainglory, “excessive elation or pride over one’s own achievements.” 3. “As every past generation has had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance of truisms and stereotypes, so in our own time we must move on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to a new, difficult, but essential confrontation with reality. For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie—deliberate, contrived, and dishonest—but the myth—persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” —President John F. Kennedy, 1962 Yale University commencement disenthrall President John F. Kennedy spent most of his 1962 commencement speech at Yale talking about his vision of government, but he also took time to give advice to the graduates. He says young people need to disenthrall themselves from old myths and stereotypes. Disenthrall is a verb meaning “to free from bondage; liberate.” Thrall is an old word meaning “a person who is morally or mentally enslaved by some power” or, more simply, “slavery.” 4. “[T]hough it’s crucial to make a living, that shouldn’t be your inspiration or your aspiration. Do it for yourself, your highest self, for your own pride, joy, ego, gratification, expression, love, fulfillment, happiness—whatever you want to call it.” —Billy Joel, 1993 Berklee College of Music commencement fulfillment Activist and musician Billy Joel, addressing graduates of the prestigious music school Berklee College, gave advice on how to direct creative energies to making the world a better place. He encourages them to do work for their own fulfillment, “the state or act of bringing something to realization.” Fulfillment is often used to describe the feeling one has when one accomplishes something of personal significance. 5. “I want you all to stay true to the most real, most sincere, most authentic parts of yourselves. I want you to ask those basic questions: Who do you want to be? What inspires you? How do you want to give back?” —First Lady Michelle Obama, 2015 Tuskegee University commencement authentic On a similar note as Billy Joel, former First Lady Michelle Obama exhorts students to be authentic, which here means “representing one’s true nature or beliefs; true to oneself.” The word authentic comes from the Greek authentikós, meaning “original, primary, at first hand.” 6. “I hope you are never victims, but I hope you have no power over other people. And when you fail, and are defeated, and in pain, and in the dark, then I hope you will remember that darkness is your country, where you live, where no wars are fought and no wars are won, but where the future is.” —Ursula K. Le Guin, 1983 Mills College commencement future Science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin was no stranger to imagining new worlds and possibilities. So it makes sense that she talked to graduates about the future, “time that is to be or come hereafter.” While today we use future as a noun and adjective, in the mid-1600s, future was also used as a verb to mean “to put off to a future day,” as in They future their work because they are lazy. 7. “As you approach your future, there will be ample opportunity to becomejadedand cynical, but I urge you to resist cynicism—the world is still a beautiful place and change is possible.” —Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 2011 Harvard University commencement jaded Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is the former president of Liberia and was the first woman to lead an African nation. She spoke at her alma mater, Harvard, about the importance of advocating for change. She notes that many people become jaded as they age, a word that here means “worn out or wearied, as by overwork or overuse.” This sense of jaded comes from the Middle English jade, “a worn-out, broken-down, worthless, or vicious horse.” 8. “Everything meaningful about this moment, and these four years, will be meaningful inside you, not outside you … As long as you store it inside yourself, it’s not going anywhere—or it’s going everywhere with you.” —Margaret Edson, 2008 Smith College commencement meaningful Educator and playwright Margaret Edson told graduates at Smith College that they will carry what is meaningful about their experience with them throughout their lives. Meaningful means “full of meaning, significance, purpose, or value.” Meaningful is formed from a combination of meaning and the suffix -ful, meaning “full of” or “characterized by.” It’s one of many suffixes from Old English that is still present in our language today. 9. “If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion. Honor your calling. Everyone has one.” —Oprah Winfrey, 2008 Stanford commencement harness Television host Oprah Winfrey is known for being an inspiration, and her commencement speech at Stanford University in 2008 was certainly inspirational. She urged students to “harness [their] power to [their] passion.” Harness here is being used figuratively and as a verb to mean “to bring under conditions for effective use; gain control over for a particular end.” Harness comes from the Old Norse *hernest meaning “provisions for an armed force.” The word’s meaning has changed quite a lot since! [checking] 10. “When things are going sweetly and peacefully, please pause a moment, and then say out loud, “If this isn’t nice, what is?”” —Kurt Vonnegut, 1999 Agnes Scott College commencement sweetly The writer Kurt Vonnegut wanted graduates to take time to reflect on the goodness in life. He describes this as “when things are going sweetly,” a word commonly associated with sugar but that can also describe anything “pleasing or agreeable; delightful.” Sweet is an interesting word that is closely related to its ancient Proto-Indo-European original. You can learn more about the history of the word at our entry for sweet. 11. “From my point of view, which is that of a storyteller, I see your life as already artful, waiting, just waiting and ready for you to make it art.” —Toni Morrison, 2004 Wellesley College commencement artful Novelist Toni Morrison in her commencement address at Wellesley College told graduates she saw their lives as artful. While this word can mean “slyly crafty or cunning; deceitful; tricky,” it is clear from the context that Morrison meant it in the sense of “done with or characterized by art or skill.” In other words, the graduates have the skills, power, and beauty to create a good life. 12. “If I must give any of you advice it would be Say Yes. Say Yes, And … and create your own destiny.” —Maya Rudolph, 2015 Tulane University commencement destiny Graduation is a time to think about the future and one’s destiny, in the sense of “something that is to happen or has happened to a particular person or thing; lot or fortune.” Destiny is often taken to be something that is “predetermined, usually inevitable or irresistible.” But actor Maya Rudolph takes this word in a different direction, saying graduates should “create [their] own destiny.” Graduation season is a time to consider our own futures, destinies, passions, and desires. We hope these inspiring words give you something to chew on as you go forth into the “real world.” Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • และแล้วเราก็คุยกันมาถึงภาพสุดท้ายของสิบสองภาพวาดกงซวิ่นถู (宫训图) ที่ในละคร <เล่ห์รักตำหนักเหยียนสี่> ฮ่องเต้เฉียนหลงได้ทรงพระราชทานให้บรรดาพระภรรยาแห่งสิบสองตำหนัก โดยเป็นภาพที่เล่าเรื่องราวของพระภรรยาในประวัติศาสตร์ที่ถูกจารึกไว้ซึ่งคุณงามความดี

    ภาพที่จะกล่าวถึงในวันนี้เป็นภาพที่ถูกพระราชทานไปยังพระตำหนักจิ่งเหรินกง ดูจากไทม์ไลน์แล้วน่าจะเป็นที่ประทับของฉุนเฟย แต่ในเรื่อง <เล่ห์รักตำหนักเหยียนสี่> ฉุนเฟยประทับที่พระตำหนักจงชุ่ยกง ภาพนี้มีชื่อว่า ‘เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน’ (燕姞梦兰图) หน้าตาแท้จริงเป็นอย่างไรไม่ทราบได้ เพราะว่าสูญหายไปแล้ว ภาพที่แปะมาให้ดูเป็นภาพวาดโดยจิตรกรญี่ปุ่น

    เรื่องราวของภาพคือเรื่องของเยี่ยนจี๋ อนุภรรยาของเจิ้งเหวินกง เจ้าผู้ปกครองแคว้นเจิ้งในยุคสมัยชุนชิว (ขออภัยไม่ใช้ราชาศัพท์ในบทความ) นางฝันว่ามีเทพธิดานำดอกหลันฮวามามอบให้และบอกว่าดอกไม้นี้จะทำให้นางได้รับความรักจากเจิ้งเหวินกงและจะได้บุตรที่โดดเด่นมาเป็นผู้สืบทอดแผ่นดินต่อไป และวลี ‘เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน’ ต่อมาถูกใช้เปรียบเปรยถึงความรักที่ออกดอกออกผลเป็นลูกหลาน และสะท้อนความนัยว่า ฝันที่ดีนำมาซึ่งเรื่องราวดีๆ และภาพนี้ถูกตีความว่า หมายถึงการทำสิ่งที่ฝันให้เป็นจริง

    เรื่องนี้คุ้นหูกันบ้างไหม? Storyฯ เคยเล่าถึงเรื่องนี้แล้วตอนที่คุยถึงวลี ‘หลันอินซวี่กั่ว’ ลองกลับไปอ่านดูกันนะคะ (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/731814662280162)

    ป้ายที่พระราชทานคู่กับภาพนี้คือ ‘จ้านเต๋อกงเหวย’ (赞德宫闱) แปลได้ประมาณว่า ศีลธรรมดีงามได้รับการยกย่องไปทั่วพระราชฐานนางใน

    จบแล้วกับสิบสองภาพวาด Storyฯ นำมาเรียบเรียงอีกครั้ง โดยเรียงลำดับจากพระตำหนักที่อยู่ใกล้พระที่นั่งหยั่งซินเตี้ยน (ที่ประทับฮ่องเต้) ตามนี้ค่ะ

    1. ตำหนักฉี่เสียงกง หรืออีกชื่อหนึ่งคือ ไท่จี๋เตี้ยน (Hall of Supreme Principle) ภาพ ‘เจียงโฮ่วทัวจาน’ (姜后脱簪 / มเหสีเจียงปลดปิ่น) ความหมายคือคล้อยตามสามี ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/791887496272878)
    2. ตำหนักฉางชุนกง (Palace of Eternal Spring) ภาพ ‘ไท่ซึฮุ่ยจื่อ’ (太姒诲子/ไท่ซึสอนบุตร) ความหมายคือ สั่งสอนบุตร ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/746257530835875)
    3. ตำหนักหย่งโซ่วกง (Palace of Eternal Longevity) ภาพ ‘ปันจีฉือเหนี่ยน’ (班姬辞辇图 / ปันจีผู้งามมารยาท) ความหมายคือ รู้มารยาทและพิธีการ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/750792533715708)
    4. ตำหนักอี้คุนกง (Palace of Earthly Honor) ภาพ ‘จาวหรงผิงซือ’ (昭容评诗图 / จาวหรงตัดสินบทกวี) ความหมายคือ การศึกษา ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/764297899031838)
    5. ตำหนักเสียนฝูกง (Palace of Universal Happiness) ภาพ ‘เจี๋ยอวี๋ตั่งสยง’ (婕妤当熊图 / เจี๋ยอวี๋ขวางหมี) ความหมายคือ กล้าหาญ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/768864935241801)
    6. ตำหนักฉู่ซิ่วกง (Palace of Gathered Elegance) ภาพ ‘ซีหลิงเจียวฉาน’ (西陵教蚕图 /ซีหลิงสอนเลี้ยงไหม) ความหมายคือ นวัตกรรม ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว(https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/754042176724077)
    7. ตำหนักจิ่งเหรินกง (Palace of Great Benevolence) ภาพ ‘เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน’ (燕姞梦兰 / เยี่ยนจี๋ฝันถึงหลันฮวา) ความหมายคือ วิสัยทัศน์ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว ก็คือบทความที่เล่าถึงข้างต้นในวันนี้
    8. ตำหนักเฉินเฉียนกง (Palace of Celestial Favor) ภาพ ‘สวีเฟยจื๋อเจี้ยน’ (徐妃直谏 / สวีเฟยวิพากษ์) ความหมายคือ จงรักภักดีตรงไปตรงมา ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/759313216196973)
    9. ตำหนักจงชุ่ยกง (Palace of Accumulated Purity) ภาพ ‘สวี่โฮ่วเฟิ่งอ้าน’ (许后奉案/ สวี่ฮองเฮาถวายพระกระยาหาร) ความหมายคือ เคารพผู้อาวุโส ภาพจริงเก็บอยู่ที่พิพิธภัณฑ์กู้พระราชวังต้องห้าม (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/773395164788778)
    10. ตำหนักจิ่งหยางกง (Palace of Great Brilliance) ภาพ ‘หม่าโฮ่วเลี่ยนอี’ (马后练衣图 / หม่าฮองเฮาสวมผ้า) ความหมายคือ มัธยัสถ์ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://web.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/797174585744169)
    11. ตำหนักหย่งเหอกง (Palace of Eternal Harmony) ภาพ ‘ฝานจีเจี้ยนเลี่ย’ (樊姬谏猎 / ฝานจีเตือนสติให้หยุดล่าสัตว์) ความหมายคือเตือนสติ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/786677160127245)
    12. ตำหนักเหยียนสี่กง (Palace of Prolonging Happiness) ภาพ ‘เฉาโฮ่วจ้งหนง’ (曹后重农图 / เฉาฮองเฮาให้ความสำคัญกับการเกษตร) ความหมายคือ ขยันขันแข็ง ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/777707414357553)

    สรุปว่าในบรรดาสิบสองภาพวาดนี้ เหลือของจริงอยู่เพียงภาพเดียวคือ ‘สวี่โฮ่วเฟิ่งอ้าน’ ภาพจริงเก็บอยู่ที่พิพิธภัณฑ์กู้กง Storyฯ อาจเล่าสะเปะสะปะไปหน่อยและใช้เวลาเล่านานกว่าจะจบครบสิบสองภาพ หวังว่าเรื่องราวในภาพวาดกงซวิ่นถูจะเป็นที่เพลิดเพลินของเพื่อนเพจไม่มากก็น้อย

    (ป.ล. หากอ่านแล้วชอบใจ อย่าลืมกดติดตามเพจนี้เพื่อป้องกันการกีดกันของเฟซบุ๊คด้วยนะคะ #StoryfromStory)
    (ป.ล. 2 ชื่อพระตำหนัก Storyฯ แปลเป็นไทยแล้วรู้สึกว่าจั๊กจี้ เลยเอาเป็นคำแปลภาษาอังกฤษมาฝากแทน)

    Credit รูปภาพจาก:
    https://www.baike.com/wikiid/2576687878101900972?view_id=y3t51nqv02o00
    Metropolitan Museum of Arts
    Credit ข้อมูลรวบรวมจาก:
    https://www.163.com/dy/article/G0GD3GUH0537ML11.html
    https://www.xiumu.cn/ts/2018/0824/4278239.html
    https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/forbidden/six_eastern.htm
    https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/forbidden/six_western.htm

    #เล่ห์รักตำหนักเหยียนสี่ #เยี่ยนจี๋ #เจิ้งเหวินกง #เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน #หลันอินซวี่กั่ว #กงซวิ่นถู #เฉียนหลงสิบสองภาพวาด
    และแล้วเราก็คุยกันมาถึงภาพสุดท้ายของสิบสองภาพวาดกงซวิ่นถู (宫训图) ที่ในละคร <เล่ห์รักตำหนักเหยียนสี่> ฮ่องเต้เฉียนหลงได้ทรงพระราชทานให้บรรดาพระภรรยาแห่งสิบสองตำหนัก โดยเป็นภาพที่เล่าเรื่องราวของพระภรรยาในประวัติศาสตร์ที่ถูกจารึกไว้ซึ่งคุณงามความดี ภาพที่จะกล่าวถึงในวันนี้เป็นภาพที่ถูกพระราชทานไปยังพระตำหนักจิ่งเหรินกง ดูจากไทม์ไลน์แล้วน่าจะเป็นที่ประทับของฉุนเฟย แต่ในเรื่อง <เล่ห์รักตำหนักเหยียนสี่> ฉุนเฟยประทับที่พระตำหนักจงชุ่ยกง ภาพนี้มีชื่อว่า ‘เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน’ (燕姞梦兰图) หน้าตาแท้จริงเป็นอย่างไรไม่ทราบได้ เพราะว่าสูญหายไปแล้ว ภาพที่แปะมาให้ดูเป็นภาพวาดโดยจิตรกรญี่ปุ่น เรื่องราวของภาพคือเรื่องของเยี่ยนจี๋ อนุภรรยาของเจิ้งเหวินกง เจ้าผู้ปกครองแคว้นเจิ้งในยุคสมัยชุนชิว (ขออภัยไม่ใช้ราชาศัพท์ในบทความ) นางฝันว่ามีเทพธิดานำดอกหลันฮวามามอบให้และบอกว่าดอกไม้นี้จะทำให้นางได้รับความรักจากเจิ้งเหวินกงและจะได้บุตรที่โดดเด่นมาเป็นผู้สืบทอดแผ่นดินต่อไป และวลี ‘เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน’ ต่อมาถูกใช้เปรียบเปรยถึงความรักที่ออกดอกออกผลเป็นลูกหลาน และสะท้อนความนัยว่า ฝันที่ดีนำมาซึ่งเรื่องราวดีๆ และภาพนี้ถูกตีความว่า หมายถึงการทำสิ่งที่ฝันให้เป็นจริง เรื่องนี้คุ้นหูกันบ้างไหม? Storyฯ เคยเล่าถึงเรื่องนี้แล้วตอนที่คุยถึงวลี ‘หลันอินซวี่กั่ว’ ลองกลับไปอ่านดูกันนะคะ (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/731814662280162) ป้ายที่พระราชทานคู่กับภาพนี้คือ ‘จ้านเต๋อกงเหวย’ (赞德宫闱) แปลได้ประมาณว่า ศีลธรรมดีงามได้รับการยกย่องไปทั่วพระราชฐานนางใน จบแล้วกับสิบสองภาพวาด Storyฯ นำมาเรียบเรียงอีกครั้ง โดยเรียงลำดับจากพระตำหนักที่อยู่ใกล้พระที่นั่งหยั่งซินเตี้ยน (ที่ประทับฮ่องเต้) ตามนี้ค่ะ 1. ตำหนักฉี่เสียงกง หรืออีกชื่อหนึ่งคือ ไท่จี๋เตี้ยน (Hall of Supreme Principle) ภาพ ‘เจียงโฮ่วทัวจาน’ (姜后脱簪 / มเหสีเจียงปลดปิ่น) ความหมายคือคล้อยตามสามี ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/791887496272878) 2. ตำหนักฉางชุนกง (Palace of Eternal Spring) ภาพ ‘ไท่ซึฮุ่ยจื่อ’ (太姒诲子/ไท่ซึสอนบุตร) ความหมายคือ สั่งสอนบุตร ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/746257530835875) 3. ตำหนักหย่งโซ่วกง (Palace of Eternal Longevity) ภาพ ‘ปันจีฉือเหนี่ยน’ (班姬辞辇图 / ปันจีผู้งามมารยาท) ความหมายคือ รู้มารยาทและพิธีการ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/750792533715708) 4. ตำหนักอี้คุนกง (Palace of Earthly Honor) ภาพ ‘จาวหรงผิงซือ’ (昭容评诗图 / จาวหรงตัดสินบทกวี) ความหมายคือ การศึกษา ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/764297899031838) 5. ตำหนักเสียนฝูกง (Palace of Universal Happiness) ภาพ ‘เจี๋ยอวี๋ตั่งสยง’ (婕妤当熊图 / เจี๋ยอวี๋ขวางหมี) ความหมายคือ กล้าหาญ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/768864935241801) 6. ตำหนักฉู่ซิ่วกง (Palace of Gathered Elegance) ภาพ ‘ซีหลิงเจียวฉาน’ (西陵教蚕图 /ซีหลิงสอนเลี้ยงไหม) ความหมายคือ นวัตกรรม ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว(https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/754042176724077) 7. ตำหนักจิ่งเหรินกง (Palace of Great Benevolence) ภาพ ‘เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน’ (燕姞梦兰 / เยี่ยนจี๋ฝันถึงหลันฮวา) ความหมายคือ วิสัยทัศน์ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว ก็คือบทความที่เล่าถึงข้างต้นในวันนี้ 8. ตำหนักเฉินเฉียนกง (Palace of Celestial Favor) ภาพ ‘สวีเฟยจื๋อเจี้ยน’ (徐妃直谏 / สวีเฟยวิพากษ์) ความหมายคือ จงรักภักดีตรงไปตรงมา ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/759313216196973) 9. ตำหนักจงชุ่ยกง (Palace of Accumulated Purity) ภาพ ‘สวี่โฮ่วเฟิ่งอ้าน’ (许后奉案/ สวี่ฮองเฮาถวายพระกระยาหาร) ความหมายคือ เคารพผู้อาวุโส ภาพจริงเก็บอยู่ที่พิพิธภัณฑ์กู้พระราชวังต้องห้าม (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/773395164788778) 10. ตำหนักจิ่งหยางกง (Palace of Great Brilliance) ภาพ ‘หม่าโฮ่วเลี่ยนอี’ (马后练衣图 / หม่าฮองเฮาสวมผ้า) ความหมายคือ มัธยัสถ์ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://web.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/797174585744169) 11. ตำหนักหย่งเหอกง (Palace of Eternal Harmony) ภาพ ‘ฝานจีเจี้ยนเลี่ย’ (樊姬谏猎 / ฝานจีเตือนสติให้หยุดล่าสัตว์) ความหมายคือเตือนสติ ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/786677160127245) 12. ตำหนักเหยียนสี่กง (Palace of Prolonging Happiness) ภาพ ‘เฉาโฮ่วจ้งหนง’ (曹后重农图 / เฉาฮองเฮาให้ความสำคัญกับการเกษตร) ความหมายคือ ขยันขันแข็ง ภาพจริงสูญหายไปแล้ว (https://www.facebook.com/StoryfromStory/posts/777707414357553) สรุปว่าในบรรดาสิบสองภาพวาดนี้ เหลือของจริงอยู่เพียงภาพเดียวคือ ‘สวี่โฮ่วเฟิ่งอ้าน’ ภาพจริงเก็บอยู่ที่พิพิธภัณฑ์กู้กง Storyฯ อาจเล่าสะเปะสะปะไปหน่อยและใช้เวลาเล่านานกว่าจะจบครบสิบสองภาพ หวังว่าเรื่องราวในภาพวาดกงซวิ่นถูจะเป็นที่เพลิดเพลินของเพื่อนเพจไม่มากก็น้อย (ป.ล. หากอ่านแล้วชอบใจ อย่าลืมกดติดตามเพจนี้เพื่อป้องกันการกีดกันของเฟซบุ๊คด้วยนะคะ #StoryfromStory) (ป.ล. 2 ชื่อพระตำหนัก Storyฯ แปลเป็นไทยแล้วรู้สึกว่าจั๊กจี้ เลยเอาเป็นคำแปลภาษาอังกฤษมาฝากแทน) Credit รูปภาพจาก: https://www.baike.com/wikiid/2576687878101900972?view_id=y3t51nqv02o00 Metropolitan Museum of Arts Credit ข้อมูลรวบรวมจาก: https://www.163.com/dy/article/G0GD3GUH0537ML11.html https://www.xiumu.cn/ts/2018/0824/4278239.html https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/forbidden/six_eastern.htm https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/forbidden/six_western.htm #เล่ห์รักตำหนักเหยียนสี่ #เยี่ยนจี๋ #เจิ้งเหวินกง #เยี่ยนจี๋เมิ่งหลัน #หลันอินซวี่กั่ว #กงซวิ่นถู #เฉียนหลงสิบสองภาพวาด
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  • เราทุกคนมี “ชีวิตเดียว”
    all have “one life”

    จงใช้มันด้วย ความสุข ไม่ใช่ ความทุกข์
    Live it with happiness, not sadness

    จงฟัง “เสียงหัวใจตัวเอง” ไม่ใช่เสียงของคนอื่น
    WeListen to “your own heart”, not others

    ใช้ชีวิตด้วยการมีทัศนคติที่ดี
    Live with a good attitude

    หัวเราะบ่อยๆ กินอาหารที่อร่อย
    Laugh often.Eat delicious food.

    เลือกคบคนที่มีแล้ว เพิ่มความสุข ให้กับตัวเอง
    Choose to be with people who already have it, increase your happiness

    และมีชีวิตที่เราจะไม่เสียดาย เมื่อมองย้อนกลับมา
    And have a life that we will not regret when we look back .
    #ลูกหลานฅนคอม
    #อย่าทำหลวมๆเขาแลอยู่เพ
    เราทุกคนมี “ชีวิตเดียว” all have “one life” จงใช้มันด้วย ความสุข ไม่ใช่ ความทุกข์ Live it with happiness, not sadness จงฟัง “เสียงหัวใจตัวเอง” ไม่ใช่เสียงของคนอื่น WeListen to “your own heart”, not others ใช้ชีวิตด้วยการมีทัศนคติที่ดี Live with a good attitude หัวเราะบ่อยๆ กินอาหารที่อร่อย Laugh often.Eat delicious food. เลือกคบคนที่มีแล้ว เพิ่มความสุข ให้กับตัวเอง Choose to be with people who already have it, increase your happiness และมีชีวิตที่เราจะไม่เสียดาย เมื่อมองย้อนกลับมา And have a life that we will not regret when we look back . #ลูกหลานฅนคอม #อย่าทำหลวมๆเขาแลอยู่เพ
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  • Happiness is A tranquil winter sunset by the lake, with golden skies reflecting on calm waters, with the lulling gentle 23°C breeze.
    Happiness is A tranquil winter sunset by the lake, with golden skies reflecting on calm waters, with the lulling gentle 23°C breeze.
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  • “Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence “ Aristotle. “ความสุขคือความหมายของชีวิต เป็นเป้าหมายและจุดจบแห่งการดำรงอยู่ของมนุษย์” อริสโตเติล
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    Happy New Year 2025
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  • May the new year bless you with health, wealth, and happiness.
    ขอให้มีสุขภาพที่ดี ร่ำรวย และมีความสุขมากๆ ในปีใหม่นี้
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  • 💖🎁💐🎉🌟May the new year bless you with health, wealth, and happiness.
    ขอให้ปีใหม่นี้คุณมีสุขภาพแข็งแรง ร่ำรวยเงินทองและมีความสุขมาก ๆ นะครับ.💝💞🌺🎈🎊✨️ #สวัสดีปีใหม่ #สวัสดีปีใหม่2025 #สวัสดีปีใหม่2568 #ความรัก #ความสุข #สุขภาพแข็งแรง #ร่ํารวย #hny2025 #happynewyear2025 #happiness #helthy #wealthy #lovely
    💖🎁💐🎉🌟May the new year bless you with health, wealth, and happiness. ขอให้ปีใหม่นี้คุณมีสุขภาพแข็งแรง ร่ำรวยเงินทองและมีความสุขมาก ๆ นะครับ.💝💞🌺🎈🎊✨️ #สวัสดีปีใหม่ #สวัสดีปีใหม่2025 #สวัสดีปีใหม่2568 #ความรัก #ความสุข #สุขภาพแข็งแรง #ร่ํารวย #hny2025 #happynewyear2025 #happiness #helthy #wealthy #lovely
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  • สวัสดีปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ 🎉
    ขอให้เป็นปีที่ดี มีแต่ความสุข สุขภาพร่างกายแข็งแรง โชคดี มั่งคั่ง ร่ำรวย มีกินมีใช้ตลอดปีค่ะ 🙏🏼✨

    บ้านไร่นาโสก อ.เมือง จ.มุกดาหาร 🇹🇭✨

    Happy New Year 2025 🎉
    May this year be a good one, full of happiness, good health, good luck, wealth, and prosperity throughout the year 🙏🏼✨

    Banrai Nasok Mukdahan 🇹🇭✨
    สวัสดีปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ 🎉 ขอให้เป็นปีที่ดี มีแต่ความสุข สุขภาพร่างกายแข็งแรง โชคดี มั่งคั่ง ร่ำรวย มีกินมีใช้ตลอดปีค่ะ 🙏🏼✨ บ้านไร่นาโสก อ.เมือง จ.มุกดาหาร 🇹🇭✨ Happy New Year 2025 🎉 May this year be a good one, full of happiness, good health, good luck, wealth, and prosperity throughout the year 🙏🏼✨ Banrai Nasok Mukdahan 🇹🇭✨
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  • สวัสดีปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ 🎉
    ขอให้เป็นปีที่ดี มีแต่ความสุข สุขภาพร่างกายแข็งแรง โชคดี มั่งคั่ง ร่ำรวย มีกินมีใช้ตลอดปีค่ะ 🙏🏼✨

    บ้านไร่นาโสก อ.เมือง จ.มุกดาหาร 🇹🇭✨

    Happy New Year 2025 🎉
    May this year be a good one, full of happiness, good health, good luck, wealth, and prosperity throughout the year 🙏🏼✨

    Banrai Nasok Mukdahan 🇹🇭✨
    สวัสดีปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ 🎉 ขอให้เป็นปีที่ดี มีแต่ความสุข สุขภาพร่างกายแข็งแรง โชคดี มั่งคั่ง ร่ำรวย มีกินมีใช้ตลอดปีค่ะ 🙏🏼✨ บ้านไร่นาโสก อ.เมือง จ.มุกดาหาร 🇹🇭✨ Happy New Year 2025 🎉 May this year be a good one, full of happiness, good health, good luck, wealth, and prosperity throughout the year 🙏🏼✨ Banrai Nasok Mukdahan 🇹🇭✨
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  • สวัสดีปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ 🎉
    ขอให้เป็นปีที่ดี มีแต่ความสุข สุขภาพร่างกายแข็งแรง โชคดี มั่งคั่ง ร่ำรวย มีกินมีใช้ตลอดปี 🙏🏼✨

    บ้านไร่นาโสก อ.เมือง จ.มุกดาหาร 🇹🇭✨

    Happy New Year 2025 🎉
    May this year be a good one, full of happiness, good health, good luck, wealth, and prosperity throughout the year 🙏🏼✨

    Banrai Nasok Mukdahan 🇹🇭✨
    สวัสดีปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ 🎉 ขอให้เป็นปีที่ดี มีแต่ความสุข สุขภาพร่างกายแข็งแรง โชคดี มั่งคั่ง ร่ำรวย มีกินมีใช้ตลอดปี 🙏🏼✨ บ้านไร่นาโสก อ.เมือง จ.มุกดาหาร 🇹🇭✨ Happy New Year 2025 🎉 May this year be a good one, full of happiness, good health, good luck, wealth, and prosperity throughout the year 🙏🏼✨ Banrai Nasok Mukdahan 🇹🇭✨
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  • # True Meditation: Training the Mind Without Attachment---## Understanding Meditation: Beyond Sitting in SilenceTrue meditation isn't merely about sitting still or repetitive actions like watching your breath for ten or twenty minutes each day. Rather, it's about cultivating awareness of every mental movement, whether it's breathing or even mind-wandering.## Valuing Every BreathA person with concentration appreciates every breath, both long and short, because awareness of breathing prevents the mind from scattering in different directions. When we value each moment of breathing, it helps stabilize the mind naturally. Mental wandering gradually diminishes as we learn to recognize and understand it.## Embracing Mental WanderingTrue meditation doesn't mean forcing the mind to be calm at all times. Instead, it means acknowledging and accepting moments when the mind wanders. When we understand that mental wandering is an opportunity to observe and recognize our thoughts, every instance of distraction becomes an important lesson in developing mindfulness. When the mind doesn't get lost in wandering thoughts and doesn't identify with them, it naturally returns to tranquility in the long term.## Practicing Meditation in Every MomentTrue meditation isn't just about sitting with closed eyes—it's about "keeping your eyes open and remaining aware throughout life." Practicing meditation in every moment means maintaining mindfulness in all actions, whether walking, eating, or speaking. Simply by staying present with whatever we're doing in the moment, life becomes filled with peace and balance.## Living Life MeaningfullyMeditation isn't about escaping from life or merely retreating from social chaos. Rather, it's about training ourselves to make every moment valuable. By practicing awareness of what arises in the mind, every minute of life becomes meaningful and worthwhile.## Conclusion: Meditation in Daily LifeTrue meditation doesn't come from intentionally practicing for brief periods on certain days. Instead, it's about cultivating mindfulness in every moment of life, seeing value in every movement of mind and body, whether it's breathing, working, or even conversing. Training the mind to remain peaceful in all situations brings genuine happiness and enables us to live life more meaningfully and valuably each day.
    # True Meditation: Training the Mind Without Attachment---## Understanding Meditation: Beyond Sitting in SilenceTrue meditation isn't merely about sitting still or repetitive actions like watching your breath for ten or twenty minutes each day. Rather, it's about cultivating awareness of every mental movement, whether it's breathing or even mind-wandering.## Valuing Every BreathA person with concentration appreciates every breath, both long and short, because awareness of breathing prevents the mind from scattering in different directions. When we value each moment of breathing, it helps stabilize the mind naturally. Mental wandering gradually diminishes as we learn to recognize and understand it.## Embracing Mental WanderingTrue meditation doesn't mean forcing the mind to be calm at all times. Instead, it means acknowledging and accepting moments when the mind wanders. When we understand that mental wandering is an opportunity to observe and recognize our thoughts, every instance of distraction becomes an important lesson in developing mindfulness. When the mind doesn't get lost in wandering thoughts and doesn't identify with them, it naturally returns to tranquility in the long term.## Practicing Meditation in Every MomentTrue meditation isn't just about sitting with closed eyes—it's about "keeping your eyes open and remaining aware throughout life." Practicing meditation in every moment means maintaining mindfulness in all actions, whether walking, eating, or speaking. Simply by staying present with whatever we're doing in the moment, life becomes filled with peace and balance.## Living Life MeaningfullyMeditation isn't about escaping from life or merely retreating from social chaos. Rather, it's about training ourselves to make every moment valuable. By practicing awareness of what arises in the mind, every minute of life becomes meaningful and worthwhile.## Conclusion: Meditation in Daily LifeTrue meditation doesn't come from intentionally practicing for brief periods on certain days. Instead, it's about cultivating mindfulness in every moment of life, seeing value in every movement of mind and body, whether it's breathing, working, or even conversing. Training the mind to remain peaceful in all situations brings genuine happiness and enables us to live life more meaningfully and valuably each day.
    0 Comments 0 Shares 525 Views 0 Reviews
  • You are not responsible for other people's happiness.Let Them be unhappy.🍁🍃🍂🌿🍁🍀🍂🌱🍁CR: Mel Robbins
    You are not responsible for other people's happiness.Let Them be unhappy.🍁🍃🍂🌿🍁🍀🍂🌱🍁CR: Mel Robbins
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  • แสงแห่งปัญญา🌼แสงปัญญาสว่างไกลกว่าแสงทองเผยความจริงลับล่องสิ้นหมองมัวดับความหลงกิเลสลวงที่พันพัวปลดใจชั่วจากตัณหาพาชีวาสุขลวงหลอกดั่งฝันพลันจางสิ้นสุขจอมปลอมสูญสิ้นทุกถิ่นหล้าสุขแท้จริงอยู่ในใจเบิกตาเดินตามธรรมพาไปสู่สุขงามถาวร บุญญวรรณ#BYIAgalicoOracleTarot #tarotwisdomheritage The Light of Wisdom🌼The light of wisdom shines brighter than the sun,Revealing truth where illusions are undone.It dispels darkness and deceit that binds,Freeing the heart from desires of all kinds.False joy fades like dreams that quickly dissolve,Pleasures fleeting, unable to resolve.True happiness lies in awakened sight,Guided forever by the Dharma's light.Thaworn Boonyawan
    แสงแห่งปัญญา🌼แสงปัญญาสว่างไกลกว่าแสงทองเผยความจริงลับล่องสิ้นหมองมัวดับความหลงกิเลสลวงที่พันพัวปลดใจชั่วจากตัณหาพาชีวาสุขลวงหลอกดั่งฝันพลันจางสิ้นสุขจอมปลอมสูญสิ้นทุกถิ่นหล้าสุขแท้จริงอยู่ในใจเบิกตาเดินตามธรรมพาไปสู่สุขงามถาวร บุญญวรรณ#BYIAgalicoOracleTarot #tarotwisdomheritage The Light of Wisdom🌼The light of wisdom shines brighter than the sun,Revealing truth where illusions are undone.It dispels darkness and deceit that binds,Freeing the heart from desires of all kinds.False joy fades like dreams that quickly dissolve,Pleasures fleeting, unable to resolve.True happiness lies in awakened sight,Guided forever by the Dharma's light.Thaworn Boonyawan
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  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cbYTHIphoM
    บทสนทนาเทศกาลลอยกระทง
    (คลิกอ่านเพิ่มเติม เพื่ออ่านบทสนทนาภาษาอังกฤษและไทย และคำศัพท์น่ารู้)
    แบบทดสอบการฟังภาษาอังกฤษ จากบทสนทนาเทศกาลลอยกระทง
    มีคำถาม 5 ข้อหลังฟังเสร็จ เพื่อทดสอบการฟังภาษาอังกฤษของคุณ

    #บทสนทนาภาษาอังกฤษ #ฝึกฟังภาษาอังกฤษ #ลอยกระทง

    The conversations from the clip :

    Boy: This is incredible! The river is full of glowing krathongs, and there’s so much happening around us.
    Girl: I know! Look at all the food stalls. The smell of grilled satay and pad Thai is amazing!
    Boy: I’m definitely going to try some food later. But first, let’s float our krathongs. Have you made a wish?
    Girl: Yes, I wished for peace and happiness in my life. What about you?
    Boy: I wished for a wonderful year of travel and adventure! This festival feels so magical.
    Girl: It really does! The atmosphere is so lively with all the lights, the music, and the crowds. I love it!
    Boy: Me too! And the traditional Thai dance performances are so beautiful. Do you want to watch one later?
    Girl: Absolutely! I also want to try those sugarcane juice drinks. They look so refreshing.
    Boy: I had one earlier! It’s sweet and so refreshing after the hot weather. We should get another one.
    Girl: I definitely will. And look over there! There’s a game booth where you can throw rings at bottles. It looks fun!
    Boy: I’ve never played that game before. Do you want to try it?
    Girl: Let’s do it! I’m feeling lucky tonight. Oh, look, they’re also selling glowing toys and lanterns!
    Boy: That would make such a cute souvenir. We should get one before we leave.
    Girl: For sure! This is such an unforgettable experience. I’m so glad we’re here together.

    เด็กผู้ชาย: นี่มันน่าทึ่งจริง ๆ! แม่น้ำเต็มไปด้วยกระทงเรืองแสง แถมยังมีอะไรเกิดขึ้นรอบตัวเราเต็มไปหมดเลย
    เด็กผู้หญิง: ใช่เลย! ดูสิ มีร้านขายอาหารเต็มไปหมด กลิ่นของสะเต๊ะย่างกับผัดไทยหอมมาก!
    เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันจะลองชิมอาหารทีหลังแน่นอน แต่ก่อนอื่นเรามาลอยกระทงกันก่อน คุณอธิษฐานหรือยัง?
    เด็กผู้หญิง: อธิษฐานแล้ว ฉันขอให้ชีวิตมีแต่ความสงบสุขและความสุข แล้วคุณล่ะ?
    เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันขอให้ปีนี้เป็นปีแห่งการเดินทางและการผจญภัยที่ยอดเยี่ยม! เทศกาลนี้ให้ความรู้สึกมหัศจรรย์มากเลย
    เด็กผู้หญิง: จริงด้วย! บรรยากาศคึกคักไปด้วยแสงไฟ เสียงดนตรี และผู้คนมากมาย ฉันชอบจัง!
    เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันก็เหมือนกัน! การแสดงรำไทยแบบดั้งเดิมก็สวยงามมาก คุณอยากดูไหม?
    เด็กผู้หญิง: อยากมาก! ฉันก็อยากลองน้ำอ้อยที่ขายอยู่ด้วย ดูแล้วน่าจะสดชื่นมาก ๆ
    เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันเพิ่งลองไปตอนบ่ายเอง! รสหวานและสดชื่นสุด ๆ หลังจากเจออากาศร้อน เราน่าจะซื้อมาดื่มกันอีกนะ
    เด็กผู้หญิง: แน่นอน เดี๋ยวจะไปซื้อเลย ดูนั่นสิ! มีซุ้มเกมที่ให้โยนห่วงใส่ขวดด้วย ดูสนุกนะ!
    เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันยังไม่เคยเล่นเกมนี้เลย คุณอยากลองไหม?
    เด็กผู้หญิง: ลองกันเถอะ! คืนนี้รู้สึกโชคดีจัง โอ้ ดูนั่นสิ! พวกเขายังขายของเล่นและโคมไฟเรืองแสงด้วยนะ!
    เด็กผู้ชาย: อันนั้นเป็นของที่ระลึกที่น่ารักมาก เราควรจะซื้อติดมือก่อนกลับบ้าน
    เด็กผู้หญิง: แน่นอน! นี่เป็นประสบการณ์ที่ไม่มีวันลืมจริง ๆ ฉันดีใจมากที่เราได้มาอยู่ที่นี่ด้วยกัน

    Vocabulary (คำศัพท์น่ารู้)

    Incredible (อิน-เครด-ดิเบิล) adj. แปลว่า น่าทึ่ง
    River (ริฟ-เวอะ) n. แปลว่า แม่น้ำ
    Glowing (โกล-วิง) adj. แปลว่า ส่องแสง
    Stall (สตอล) n. แปลว่า ร้านเล็ก ๆ
    Smell (สเมล) n./v. แปลว่า กลิ่น / ได้กลิ่น
    Grilled (กริล-ด) adj. แปลว่า ย่าง
    Magical (แมจ-จิ-เคิล) adj. แปลว่า มหัศจรรย์
    Atmosphere (แอท-เมิส-เฟียร์) n. แปลว่า บรรยากาศ
    Crowds (เคราดส์) n. แปลว่า ฝูงชน
    Performance (เพอะ-ฟอร์-เมินซ) n. แปลว่า การแสดง
    Refreshing (รี-เฟรช-ชิง) adj. แปลว่า สดชื่น
    Weather (เวธ-เธอะ) n. แปลว่า สภาพอากาศ
    Booth (บูธ) n. แปลว่า ซุ้ม / บูธ
    Lucky (ลัค-คี) adj. แปลว่า โชคดี
    Unforgettable (อัน-เฟอะ-เก็ท-ทะ-เบิล) adj. แปลว่า น่าจดจำ / ไม่มีวันลืม
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cbYTHIphoM บทสนทนาเทศกาลลอยกระทง (คลิกอ่านเพิ่มเติม เพื่ออ่านบทสนทนาภาษาอังกฤษและไทย และคำศัพท์น่ารู้) แบบทดสอบการฟังภาษาอังกฤษ จากบทสนทนาเทศกาลลอยกระทง มีคำถาม 5 ข้อหลังฟังเสร็จ เพื่อทดสอบการฟังภาษาอังกฤษของคุณ #บทสนทนาภาษาอังกฤษ #ฝึกฟังภาษาอังกฤษ #ลอยกระทง The conversations from the clip : Boy: This is incredible! The river is full of glowing krathongs, and there’s so much happening around us. Girl: I know! Look at all the food stalls. The smell of grilled satay and pad Thai is amazing! Boy: I’m definitely going to try some food later. But first, let’s float our krathongs. Have you made a wish? Girl: Yes, I wished for peace and happiness in my life. What about you? Boy: I wished for a wonderful year of travel and adventure! This festival feels so magical. Girl: It really does! The atmosphere is so lively with all the lights, the music, and the crowds. I love it! Boy: Me too! And the traditional Thai dance performances are so beautiful. Do you want to watch one later? Girl: Absolutely! I also want to try those sugarcane juice drinks. They look so refreshing. Boy: I had one earlier! It’s sweet and so refreshing after the hot weather. We should get another one. Girl: I definitely will. And look over there! There’s a game booth where you can throw rings at bottles. It looks fun! Boy: I’ve never played that game before. Do you want to try it? Girl: Let’s do it! I’m feeling lucky tonight. Oh, look, they’re also selling glowing toys and lanterns! Boy: That would make such a cute souvenir. We should get one before we leave. Girl: For sure! This is such an unforgettable experience. I’m so glad we’re here together. เด็กผู้ชาย: นี่มันน่าทึ่งจริง ๆ! แม่น้ำเต็มไปด้วยกระทงเรืองแสง แถมยังมีอะไรเกิดขึ้นรอบตัวเราเต็มไปหมดเลย เด็กผู้หญิง: ใช่เลย! ดูสิ มีร้านขายอาหารเต็มไปหมด กลิ่นของสะเต๊ะย่างกับผัดไทยหอมมาก! เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันจะลองชิมอาหารทีหลังแน่นอน แต่ก่อนอื่นเรามาลอยกระทงกันก่อน คุณอธิษฐานหรือยัง? เด็กผู้หญิง: อธิษฐานแล้ว ฉันขอให้ชีวิตมีแต่ความสงบสุขและความสุข แล้วคุณล่ะ? เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันขอให้ปีนี้เป็นปีแห่งการเดินทางและการผจญภัยที่ยอดเยี่ยม! เทศกาลนี้ให้ความรู้สึกมหัศจรรย์มากเลย เด็กผู้หญิง: จริงด้วย! บรรยากาศคึกคักไปด้วยแสงไฟ เสียงดนตรี และผู้คนมากมาย ฉันชอบจัง! เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันก็เหมือนกัน! การแสดงรำไทยแบบดั้งเดิมก็สวยงามมาก คุณอยากดูไหม? เด็กผู้หญิง: อยากมาก! ฉันก็อยากลองน้ำอ้อยที่ขายอยู่ด้วย ดูแล้วน่าจะสดชื่นมาก ๆ เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันเพิ่งลองไปตอนบ่ายเอง! รสหวานและสดชื่นสุด ๆ หลังจากเจออากาศร้อน เราน่าจะซื้อมาดื่มกันอีกนะ เด็กผู้หญิง: แน่นอน เดี๋ยวจะไปซื้อเลย ดูนั่นสิ! มีซุ้มเกมที่ให้โยนห่วงใส่ขวดด้วย ดูสนุกนะ! เด็กผู้ชาย: ฉันยังไม่เคยเล่นเกมนี้เลย คุณอยากลองไหม? เด็กผู้หญิง: ลองกันเถอะ! คืนนี้รู้สึกโชคดีจัง โอ้ ดูนั่นสิ! พวกเขายังขายของเล่นและโคมไฟเรืองแสงด้วยนะ! เด็กผู้ชาย: อันนั้นเป็นของที่ระลึกที่น่ารักมาก เราควรจะซื้อติดมือก่อนกลับบ้าน เด็กผู้หญิง: แน่นอน! นี่เป็นประสบการณ์ที่ไม่มีวันลืมจริง ๆ ฉันดีใจมากที่เราได้มาอยู่ที่นี่ด้วยกัน Vocabulary (คำศัพท์น่ารู้) Incredible (อิน-เครด-ดิเบิล) adj. แปลว่า น่าทึ่ง River (ริฟ-เวอะ) n. แปลว่า แม่น้ำ Glowing (โกล-วิง) adj. แปลว่า ส่องแสง Stall (สตอล) n. แปลว่า ร้านเล็ก ๆ Smell (สเมล) n./v. แปลว่า กลิ่น / ได้กลิ่น Grilled (กริล-ด) adj. แปลว่า ย่าง Magical (แมจ-จิ-เคิล) adj. แปลว่า มหัศจรรย์ Atmosphere (แอท-เมิส-เฟียร์) n. แปลว่า บรรยากาศ Crowds (เคราดส์) n. แปลว่า ฝูงชน Performance (เพอะ-ฟอร์-เมินซ) n. แปลว่า การแสดง Refreshing (รี-เฟรช-ชิง) adj. แปลว่า สดชื่น Weather (เวธ-เธอะ) n. แปลว่า สภาพอากาศ Booth (บูธ) n. แปลว่า ซุ้ม / บูธ Lucky (ลัค-คี) adj. แปลว่า โชคดี Unforgettable (อัน-เฟอะ-เก็ท-ทะ-เบิล) adj. แปลว่า น่าจดจำ / ไม่มีวันลืม
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  • ไม่จำเป็นต้องไขว่คว้าหิวแสง เพราะแท้จริงแล้ว แสงสว่างนั้นส่องออกมาเองจากภายใน จากความใสซื่อบริสุทธิ์ ไร้เดียงสา และความน่ารักอันเป็นธรรมชาติ เพียงแค่เรามีหัวใจที่จริงใจ ยิ้มให้กับโลกอย่างอบอุ่น แสงแห่งความสุขก็จะส่องสว่างโดยไม่ต้องพยายาม

    ถาวร บุญญวรรณ
    #MoodengMoodeng
    #innerradiancetarot
    #เพลงใหม่GMM

    There's no need to chase after the spotlight, for true light shines from within. It radiates from pure innocence, sincerity, and a natural charm. With a heart full of warmth and a genuine smile for the world, the light of happiness will shine effortlessly.

    Thaworn Boonyawan
    ไม่จำเป็นต้องไขว่คว้าหิวแสง เพราะแท้จริงแล้ว แสงสว่างนั้นส่องออกมาเองจากภายใน จากความใสซื่อบริสุทธิ์ ไร้เดียงสา และความน่ารักอันเป็นธรรมชาติ เพียงแค่เรามีหัวใจที่จริงใจ ยิ้มให้กับโลกอย่างอบอุ่น แสงแห่งความสุขก็จะส่องสว่างโดยไม่ต้องพยายาม ถาวร บุญญวรรณ #MoodengMoodeng #innerradiancetarot #เพลงใหม่GMM There's no need to chase after the spotlight, for true light shines from within. It radiates from pure innocence, sincerity, and a natural charm. With a heart full of warmth and a genuine smile for the world, the light of happiness will shine effortlessly. Thaworn Boonyawan
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  • Stop our needs, is reality happiness.
    Stop our needs, is reality happiness.
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  • I hope that my patience today will lead me to success and happiness in the future.
    #BAKIR1210
    I hope that my patience today will lead me to success and happiness in the future. #BAKIR1210
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  • ไปตกทาสบ้านพระอาทิตย์มาคับ ทดลองงาน 1 อาทิตย์ ถ้ารอดคือผ่านโปรได้อยู่ประจำสำนักอีกตัวคับ #แมวจรหาบ้าน #catforadoption #adoptdontshop #noadoptionfee #catshappiness #happycathousegarden
    ไปตกทาสบ้านพระอาทิตย์มาคับ ทดลองงาน 1 อาทิตย์ ถ้ารอดคือผ่านโปรได้อยู่ประจำสำนักอีกตัวคับ #แมวจรหาบ้าน #catforadoption #adoptdontshop #noadoptionfee #catshappiness #happycathousegarden
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  • Words That Capture The Beauty And Charm Of English

    What makes a word beautiful? Often, it’s a combination of factors. It might be that the word is especially fun to say, or maybe it evokes a feeling or image that is particularly pleasing. The meaning of the word itself might also be beautiful, or it could refer to a beautiful idea. And, of course, sometimes you just really like a word for reasons that can’t be entirely explained.

    The author Henry James once said that summer afternoon was the most beautiful phrase in the English language. Ray Bradbury liked the word cinnamon. Tessa Hadley has expressed admiration for cochineal. Which words strike your fancy? Keep reading to learn more about 15 of the most beautiful words in English. Who knows? You might even find a new favorite.

    ephemeral
    Ephemeral means “lasting a very short time; short-lived; transitory.” It’s both a lovely sounding word and one that’s frequently used to describe things that are beautiful or wonderful, but short lived.

    The painter tried to capture the ephemeral beauty of the autumn leaves.
    The word comes from the Greek word ephḗmeros, meaning “short-lived, lasting but a day.” Lucky for us, the word itself has lasted much longer than that. It’s been in use in English since the late 1500s.


    idyllic
    If you need a word for something beautiful and quaint, idyllic is here for you. Idyllic means “suitable for or suggestive of an idyll; charmingly simple or rustic.” An idyll is a poem or prose describing pastoral or appealingly simple scenes.

    She returned home to the idyllic small town where she grew up.
    The word was first recorded in English in the late 1800s, though the noun form, idyll, has been in use since the 1590s. They derive from Greek eidýllion, or “a short pastoral poem.”


    serendipity
    How fortunate that serendipity just happens to be on this list. Serendipity is “an aptitude for making desirable discoveries by accident.”

    The pirate knew that finding the treasure would require hard work and a bit of serendipity.
    This word was coined by author Horace Walpole. Serendipity is the ability possessed by the heroes of The Three Princes of Serendip, a fairytale he published in 1754. Fun fact: one of Walpole’s other stories, The Castle of Otranto, is believed to be the first Gothic novel. Seems Walpole was working with a bit of serendipity himself.


    gossamer
    Gossamer has a lovely sound and is used to describe lovely things. It means “something extremely light, flimsy, or delicate.”

    The butterfly fluttered on gossamer wings.
    Gossamer was first recorded in English in the late 1200s from the Middle English gos(s)esomer or gossummer, which means “a filmy substance made of cobwebs; fine filament; something trivial.” It’s still frequently used to describe delicate spider webs, like those seen covered in dew on a crisp fall morning.


    incandescent
    Incandescent means “intensely bright; brilliant,” and it’s been lighting up the English language since at least 1785.

    The night sky glittered with incandescent stars.
    Incandescent comes from the Latin incandēscere, or “to glow.” Of course, incandescent doesn’t have to something literally glows or is intensely bright. It can also be used to describe someone or something that has a brilliant, electrifying presence.


    diaphanous
    With its bright long i- sound and its soft ph-, diaphanous is one of those words that just feels nice to say. Diaphanous means “very sheer and light; almost completely transparent or translucent.”

    The morning sunrise glowed through the diaphanous curtains.
    The word has been in use since the 17th century, and it works especially well for describing fabric or textures that are so thin and sheer they almost seem to glow with the light passing through them.


    sibilance
    Sibilance is one of the more pleasant-sounding words to say, and it’s used to describe sound. It means “a hissing quality of sound, or the hissing sound itself.”

    I dozed in the hammock to the ocean’s gentle sibilance.
    You could use this word to describe unpleasant hissing sounds, like malfunctioning electronics, or for something more beautiful, like in the example above. Plus, the word itself has a gentle hissing quality. Say it with us three times: sibilance, sibilance, sibilance. Ah, so soft and soothing.


    gloaming
    Gloaming is another word for “twilight; dusk,” and not only does it describe one of the most beautiful times of the day, but the word itself is also nice to say. It sounds very similar to glowing, and it has a magical quality.

    We walked through the forest and watched fireflies twinkle in the gloaming.
    The magical quality might have something to do with its age and origin. The word has been in use since before the year 1000, and it’s believed to be related to Old Norse glāmr, meaning “moon.”


    halcyon
    If you’re gazing out over a tranquil lake, halcyon might be the word that comes to mind. It means “calm; peaceful; tranquil,” and this word has a fascinating origin story.

    The halcyon weather made for a perfect day at the beach.
    Halcyon can be traced back to the Greek halkyṓn, a variant of alkyṓn, or “kingfisher.” In Greek mythology, Alkyone, or Alcyone, is the daughter of the God of the winds, Aeolus, and she was transformed into a kingfisher after throwing herself into the sea.


    ebullient
    Some things are just too wonderful to be contained. Ebullient is an adjective that means “overflowing with fervor, enthusiasm, or excitement; high-spirited,” and it’s a word that practically sounds as joyful as its meaning.

    The ebullient young scientist couldn’t wait to share their latest discovery.
    Ebullient was first recorded in English in the late 1590s. It is associated with happiness and optimism. What’s not to love about a happy word like that?


    quixotic
    Quixotic is a charming word that means “extravagantly chivalrous or romantic; visionary, impractical, or impracticable.” It comes from Miguel de Cervantes’ novel Don Quixote about a noble from La Mancha, Spain, who reads so many heroic romances that he becomes obsessed with the idea of being a knight.

    Her actions may seem quixotic, but they also speak to her courage and passion.
    By 1644, Quixote was used to describe “a person inspired by lofty and chivalrous but impractical ideals.” By the 18th century, the derivative adjective quixotic, which applies to both persons and actions, appeared.


    vivacity
    It’s infectious when someone has great enthusiasm and a zest for life. The word vivacity is similarly attractive. It means “liveliness; animation; sprightliness.”

    The legendary Julie Andrews may be best known for her inexhaustible vivacity.
    Vivacity is also a word English speakers have enjoyed for a very long time. It was first recorded in English in the 1400s.


    scintilla
    Scintilla doesn’t have the most beautiful meaning, but it’s certainly a satisfying and pretty word to say. The beginning syllable makes a hissing sound that is both soft and soothing, and the rest of the word seems to roll off the tongue.

    We don’t have a scintilla of doubt that words are powerful.
    Scintilla means “a minute particle, spark, trace.” It is a loan word from Latin, in which it means “spark.” It was first recorded in English in the late 1600s.


    lilt
    A lilt is a “rhythmic swing or cadence,” and the word has a soft, musical quality that matches its meaning. The origins of this word are unclear. It’s thought to come from the Middle English lulte, perhaps akin to the Dutch lul, meaning “pipe,” or lullen, “to lull.”

    She spoke with a soft Southern lilt that put me at ease.
    Lilt first appeared in English as early as 1300, and we’ve been swaying along ever since.

    Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Words That Capture The Beauty And Charm Of English What makes a word beautiful? Often, it’s a combination of factors. It might be that the word is especially fun to say, or maybe it evokes a feeling or image that is particularly pleasing. The meaning of the word itself might also be beautiful, or it could refer to a beautiful idea. And, of course, sometimes you just really like a word for reasons that can’t be entirely explained. The author Henry James once said that summer afternoon was the most beautiful phrase in the English language. Ray Bradbury liked the word cinnamon. Tessa Hadley has expressed admiration for cochineal. Which words strike your fancy? Keep reading to learn more about 15 of the most beautiful words in English. Who knows? You might even find a new favorite. ephemeral Ephemeral means “lasting a very short time; short-lived; transitory.” It’s both a lovely sounding word and one that’s frequently used to describe things that are beautiful or wonderful, but short lived. The painter tried to capture the ephemeral beauty of the autumn leaves. The word comes from the Greek word ephḗmeros, meaning “short-lived, lasting but a day.” Lucky for us, the word itself has lasted much longer than that. It’s been in use in English since the late 1500s. idyllic If you need a word for something beautiful and quaint, idyllic is here for you. Idyllic means “suitable for or suggestive of an idyll; charmingly simple or rustic.” An idyll is a poem or prose describing pastoral or appealingly simple scenes. She returned home to the idyllic small town where she grew up. The word was first recorded in English in the late 1800s, though the noun form, idyll, has been in use since the 1590s. They derive from Greek eidýllion, or “a short pastoral poem.” serendipity How fortunate that serendipity just happens to be on this list. Serendipity is “an aptitude for making desirable discoveries by accident.” The pirate knew that finding the treasure would require hard work and a bit of serendipity. This word was coined by author Horace Walpole. Serendipity is the ability possessed by the heroes of The Three Princes of Serendip, a fairytale he published in 1754. Fun fact: one of Walpole’s other stories, The Castle of Otranto, is believed to be the first Gothic novel. Seems Walpole was working with a bit of serendipity himself. gossamer Gossamer has a lovely sound and is used to describe lovely things. It means “something extremely light, flimsy, or delicate.” The butterfly fluttered on gossamer wings. Gossamer was first recorded in English in the late 1200s from the Middle English gos(s)esomer or gossummer, which means “a filmy substance made of cobwebs; fine filament; something trivial.” It’s still frequently used to describe delicate spider webs, like those seen covered in dew on a crisp fall morning. incandescent Incandescent means “intensely bright; brilliant,” and it’s been lighting up the English language since at least 1785. The night sky glittered with incandescent stars. Incandescent comes from the Latin incandēscere, or “to glow.” Of course, incandescent doesn’t have to something literally glows or is intensely bright. It can also be used to describe someone or something that has a brilliant, electrifying presence. diaphanous With its bright long i- sound and its soft ph-, diaphanous is one of those words that just feels nice to say. Diaphanous means “very sheer and light; almost completely transparent or translucent.” The morning sunrise glowed through the diaphanous curtains. The word has been in use since the 17th century, and it works especially well for describing fabric or textures that are so thin and sheer they almost seem to glow with the light passing through them. sibilance Sibilance is one of the more pleasant-sounding words to say, and it’s used to describe sound. It means “a hissing quality of sound, or the hissing sound itself.” I dozed in the hammock to the ocean’s gentle sibilance. You could use this word to describe unpleasant hissing sounds, like malfunctioning electronics, or for something more beautiful, like in the example above. Plus, the word itself has a gentle hissing quality. Say it with us three times: sibilance, sibilance, sibilance. Ah, so soft and soothing. gloaming Gloaming is another word for “twilight; dusk,” and not only does it describe one of the most beautiful times of the day, but the word itself is also nice to say. It sounds very similar to glowing, and it has a magical quality. We walked through the forest and watched fireflies twinkle in the gloaming. The magical quality might have something to do with its age and origin. The word has been in use since before the year 1000, and it’s believed to be related to Old Norse glāmr, meaning “moon.” halcyon If you’re gazing out over a tranquil lake, halcyon might be the word that comes to mind. It means “calm; peaceful; tranquil,” and this word has a fascinating origin story. The halcyon weather made for a perfect day at the beach. Halcyon can be traced back to the Greek halkyṓn, a variant of alkyṓn, or “kingfisher.” In Greek mythology, Alkyone, or Alcyone, is the daughter of the God of the winds, Aeolus, and she was transformed into a kingfisher after throwing herself into the sea. ebullient Some things are just too wonderful to be contained. Ebullient is an adjective that means “overflowing with fervor, enthusiasm, or excitement; high-spirited,” and it’s a word that practically sounds as joyful as its meaning. The ebullient young scientist couldn’t wait to share their latest discovery. Ebullient was first recorded in English in the late 1590s. It is associated with happiness and optimism. What’s not to love about a happy word like that? quixotic Quixotic is a charming word that means “extravagantly chivalrous or romantic; visionary, impractical, or impracticable.” It comes from Miguel de Cervantes’ novel Don Quixote about a noble from La Mancha, Spain, who reads so many heroic romances that he becomes obsessed with the idea of being a knight. Her actions may seem quixotic, but they also speak to her courage and passion. By 1644, Quixote was used to describe “a person inspired by lofty and chivalrous but impractical ideals.” By the 18th century, the derivative adjective quixotic, which applies to both persons and actions, appeared. vivacity It’s infectious when someone has great enthusiasm and a zest for life. The word vivacity is similarly attractive. It means “liveliness; animation; sprightliness.” The legendary Julie Andrews may be best known for her inexhaustible vivacity. Vivacity is also a word English speakers have enjoyed for a very long time. It was first recorded in English in the 1400s. scintilla Scintilla doesn’t have the most beautiful meaning, but it’s certainly a satisfying and pretty word to say. The beginning syllable makes a hissing sound that is both soft and soothing, and the rest of the word seems to roll off the tongue. We don’t have a scintilla of doubt that words are powerful. Scintilla means “a minute particle, spark, trace.” It is a loan word from Latin, in which it means “spark.” It was first recorded in English in the late 1600s. lilt A lilt is a “rhythmic swing or cadence,” and the word has a soft, musical quality that matches its meaning. The origins of this word are unclear. It’s thought to come from the Middle English lulte, perhaps akin to the Dutch lul, meaning “pipe,” or lullen, “to lull.” She spoke with a soft Southern lilt that put me at ease. Lilt first appeared in English as early as 1300, and we’ve been swaying along ever since. Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • กิจกรรม “Real Life Real Image ภาพถ่ายเพื่อการตื่นรู้ในศักดิ์ศรีความเป็นมนุษย์”
    ตอน คนไร้บ้านที่ไม่ไร้เพื่อน… Fellowship of Homeless People ✨
    โดย Thamrongrat Boonparyol

    เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของสัปดาห์ความสุขสากล 2024
    “Happiness Connects : ความสุขที่เชื่อมโยงเราไว้ด้วยกัน”
    กับเครือข่ายภาคีสุขภาวะทางปัญญา สสส.

    #สยามโสภา #อาสาพาสุข #RealLifeRealImage #HappinessConnects #SoulConnectFest
    #InternationalDayofHappiness #WorldHappinessDay #วันความสุขสากล
    #เขตพระนคร #thaitimes #thaitimesชุมชน #thaitimesสยามโสภา
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  • Understand The Difference Between Ethos, Pathos, And Logos To Make Your Point

    During an argument, people will often say whatever is necessary to win. If that is the case, they would certainly need to understand the three modes of persuasion, also commonly known as the three rhetorical appeals: ethos, pathos, and logos. In short, these three words refer to three main methods that a person can use to speak or write persuasively. As you’re about to find out, the modes of persuasion are important because a speaker who knows how to effectively use them will have a significant advantage over someone who doesn’t.

    The terms ethos, pathos, and logos and the theory of their use can be traced back to ancient Greece to the philosophy of Aristotle. Aristotle used these three concepts in his explanations of rhetoric, or the art of influencing the thought and conduct of an audience. For Aristotle, the three modes of persuasion specifically referred to the three major parts of an argument: the speaker (ethos), the argument itself (logos), and the audience (pathos). In particular, Aristotle focused on the speaker’s character, the logic and reason presented by an argument, and the emotional impact the argument had on an audience.

    While they have ancient roots, these modes of persuasion are alive and well today. Put simply, ethos refers to persuasion based on the credibility or authority of the speaker, pathos refers to persuasion based on emotion, and logos refers to persuasion based on logic or reason.

    By effectively using the three modes of persuasion with a large supply of rhetorical devices, a speaker or writer can become a master of rhetoric and win nearly any argument or win over any audience. Before they can do that, though, they must know exactly what ethos, pathos, and logos mean. Fortunately, we are going to look closely at each of these three ideas and see if they are really as effective as they are said to be.

    Quick summary

    Ethos, pathos, and logos are the three classical modes of persuasion that a person can use to speak or write persuasively. Specifically:

    ethos (character): known as “the appeal to authority” or “the appeal to credibility.” This is the method in which a person relies on their credibility or character when making an appeal or an argument.

    pathos (emotions): known as “the appeal to emotion.” Pathos refers to the method of trying to persuade an audience by eliciting some kind of emotional reaction.

    logos (logic): known as “the appeal to reason.” This method involves using facts and logical reasoning to support an argument and persuade an audience.


    What is ethos?

    The word ethos comes straight from Greek. In Greek, ethos literally translates to “habit,” “custom,” or “character.” Ethos is related to the words ethic and ethical, which are typically used to refer to behavior that is or isn’t acceptable for a particular person.

    In rhetoric, the word ethos is used to refer to the character or reputation of the speaker. As a rhetorical appeal, ethos is known as “the appeal to authority” or “the appeal to credibility.” When it comes to ethos, one important consideration is how the speaker carries themself and how they present themselves to the audience: Does it seem like they know what they are talking about? Do they even believe the words they are saying? Are they an expert? Do they have some experience or skills that tell us we should listen to them?

    Ethos is important in rhetoric because it often influences the opinion or mood of the audience. If a speaker seems unenthusiastic, unprepared, or inexperienced, the audience is more likely to discount the speaker’s argument regardless of what it even is. On the other hand, a knowledgeable, authoritative, confident speaker is much more likely to win an audience over.

    Ethos often depends on more than just the argument itself. For example, a speaker’s word choice, grammar, and diction also contribute to ethos; an audience may react more favorably toward a professional speaker who has a good grasp of industry jargon and enunciates clearly versus a speaker who lacks the necessary vocabulary and fails to enunciate. Ethos can also be influenced by nonverbal factors as well, such as posture, body language, eye contact, and even the speaker’s choice of clothing. For example, a military officer proudly wearing their uniform bedecked with medals will go a long way to establishing ethos without them saying a single word.

    Here as a simple example of ethos:

    “As a former mayor of this city, I believe we can solve this crisis if we band together.”
    The speaker uses ethos by alerting the audience of their credentials and experience. By doing so, they rely on their reputation to be more persuasive. This “as a…” method of establishing ethos is common, and you have probably seen it used in many persuasive advertisements and speeches.


    What is pathos?

    In Greek, pathos literally translates to “suffering, experience, or sensation.” The word pathos is related to the words pathetic, sympathy, and empathy, which all have to do with emotions or emotional connections. Aristotle used the word pathos to refer to the emotional impact that an argument had on an audience; this usage is still mainly how pathos is used in rhetoric today.

    As a rhetorical appeal, pathos is referred to as “the appeal to emotion.” Generally speaking, an author or speaker is using pathos when they are trying to persuade an audience by causing some kind of emotional reaction. When it comes to pathos, any and all emotions are on the table: sadness, fear, hope, joy, anger, lust, pity, etc.

    As you probably know from your own life, emotions are a powerful motivating factor. For this reason, relying on pathos is often a smart and effective strategy for persuading an audience. Both positive and negative emotions can heavily influence an audience: for example, an audience will want to support a speaker whose position will make them happy, a speaker who wants to end their sadness, or a speaker who is opposed to something that makes them angry.

    Here is a simple example of pathos:

    “Every day, the rainforests shrink and innocent animals are killed. We must do something about this calamitous trend before the planet we call our home is damaged beyond repair.”
    Here, the author is trying to win over an audience by making them feel sad, concerned, or afraid. The author’s choice of words like “innocent” and “calamitous” enforce the fact that they are trying to rely on pathos.


    What is logos?

    In Greek, the word logos literally translates to “word, reason, or discourse.” The word logos is related to many different words that have to do with reason, discourse, or knowledge, such as logic, logical, and any words that end in the suffixes -logy or -logue.

    As a mode of persuasion and rhetorical appeal, logos is often referred to as “the appeal to reason.” If a speaker or author is relying on logos, they are typically reciting facts or providing data and statistics that support their argument. In a manner of speaking, logos does away with all of the bells and whistles of ethos and pathos and cuts to the chase by trying to present a rational argument.

    Logos can be effective in arguments because, in theory, it is impossible to argue against truth and facts. An audience is more likely to agree with a speaker who can provide strong, factual evidence that shows their position is correct. On the flip side, an audience is less likely to support an argument that is flawed or entirely wrong. Going further, a speaker that presents a lot of supporting evidence and data to the audience is likely to come across as knowledgeable and someone to be listened to, which earns bonus points in ethos as well.

    While Aristotle clearly valued an argument based on reason very highly, we know that logos alone doesn’t always effectively persuade an audience. In your own life, you have likely seen a rational, correct speaker lose an argument to a charismatic, authoritative speaker who may not have the facts right.

    Here is a simple example of logos:

    “According to market research, sales of computer chips have increased by 300% in the last five years. Analysis of the industry tells us that the market share of computer chips is dominated by Asian manufacturers. It is clear that the Asian technology sector will continue to experience rapid growth for the foreseeable future.”
    In this paragraph, the author is using data, statistics, and logical reasoning to make their argument. They clearly hope to use logos to try to convince an audience to agree with them.

    Examples of ethos, pathos, and logos
    Ethos, pathos, and logos can all be employed to deliver compelling and persuasive arguments or to win over an audience. Let’s look at a variety of examples to see how different speakers and authors have turned to these modes of persuasion over the years.


    ethos

    “Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
    He was my friend, faithful and just to me […] You all did see that on the Lupercal
    I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
    Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?”
    —Marc Antony, Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare

    In this scene, Marc Antony is trying to win over the Roman people, so Shakespeare has Antony rely on ethos. Antony is establishing himself as both a person of authority in Rome (having the power to offer Caesar a crown) and an expert on Caesar’s true character (Antony was Caesar’s close friend and advisor).

    “During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance.”
    —Steve Jobs, 2005

    Here, Steve Jobs is providing his background–via humblebrag– of being a major figure in several different highly successful tech companies. Jobs is using ethos to provide substance to his words and make it clear to the audience that he knows what he is talking about and they should listen to him.


    pathos

    “Moreover, though you hate both him and his gifts with all your heart, yet pity the rest of the Achaeans who are being harassed in all their host; they will honour you as a god, and you will earn great glory at their hands. You might even kill Hector; he will come within your reach, for he is infatuated, and declares that not a Danaan whom the ships have brought can hold his own against him.”
    —Ulysses to Achilles, The Iliad by Homer

    In this plea, Ulysses is doing his best to pile on the pathos. In one paragraph, Ulysses is attempting to appeal to several of Achilles’s emotions: his hatred of Hector, his infamous stubborn pride, his sympathy for civilians, and his desire for vengeance.

    “I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest—quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.”
    —Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., 1963

    In this excerpt from his “I Have A Dream” speech, King is using pathos to accomplish two goals at once. First, he is connecting with his audience by making it clear is aware of their plight and suffering. Second, he is citing these examples to cause sadness or outrage in the audience. Both of these effects will make an audience interested in what he has to say and more likely to support his position.


    logos

    “Let it be remembered how powerful the influence of a single introduced tree or mammal has been shown to be. But in the case of an island, or of a country partly surrounded by barriers, into which new and better adapted forms could not freely enter, we should then have places in the economy of nature which would assuredly be better filled up if some of the original inhabitants were in some manner modified; for, had the area been open to immigration, these same places would have been seized on by intruders. In such case, every slight modification, which in the course of ages chanced to arise, and which in any way favoured the individuals of any of the species, by better adapting them to their altered conditions, would tend to be preserved; and natural selection would have free scope for the work of improvement.”
    —Charles Darwin, On the Origin of the Species, 1859

    In this passage, Darwin is using logos by presenting a rational argument in support of natural selection. Darwin connects natural selection to established scientific knowledge to argue that it makes logical sense that animals would adapt to better survive in their environment.

    “I often echo the point made by the climate scientist James Hansen: The accumulation of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases—some of which will envelop the planet for hundreds and possibly thousands of years—is now trapping as much extra energy daily as 500,000 Hiroshima-class atomic bombs would release every 24 hours. This is the crisis we face.”
    —Al Gore, “The Climate Crisis Is the Battle of Our Time, and We Can Win,” 2019

    In this call to action, Al Gore uses logos to attempt to convince his audience of the significance of climate change. In order to do this, Gore both cites an expert in the field and provides a scientifically accurate simile to explain the scale of the effect that greenhouse gases have on Earth’s atmosphere.


    What are mythos and kairos?

    Some modern scholars may also use terms mythos and kairos when discussing modes of persuasion or rhetoric in general.

    Aristotle used the term mythos to refer to the plot or story structure of Greek tragedies, i.e., how a playwright ordered the events of the story to affect the audience. Today, mythos is most often discussed as a literary or poetic term rather than a rhetorical one. However, mythos may rarely be referred to as the “appeal to culture” or the “appeal to myth” if it is treated as an additional mode of persuasion. According to this viewpoint, a speaker/writer is using mythos if they try to persuade an audience using shared cultural customs or societal values.

    A commonly cited example of mythos is King’s “I Have a Dream” speech quoted earlier. King says:

    “When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men—yes, black men as well as white men—would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable rights’ of ‘life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.’ ”

    Throughout the speech, King repeatedly uses American symbols and American history (mythos) to argue that all Americans should be outraged that Black Americans have been denied freedom and civil rights.

    Some modern scholars may also consider kairos as an additional mode of persuasion. Kairos is usually defined as referring to the specific time and place that a speaker chooses to deliver their speech. For written rhetoric, the “place” instead refers to the specific medium or publication in which a piece of writing appears.

    Unlike the other modes of persuasion, kairos relates to the context of a speech and how the appropriateness (or not) of a setting affects how effective a speaker is. Once again, King’s “I Have a Dream” speech is a great example of the use of kairos. This speech was delivered at the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Clearly, King intended to use kairos to enhance the importance and timeliness of this landmark speech.

    Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Understand The Difference Between Ethos, Pathos, And Logos To Make Your Point During an argument, people will often say whatever is necessary to win. If that is the case, they would certainly need to understand the three modes of persuasion, also commonly known as the three rhetorical appeals: ethos, pathos, and logos. In short, these three words refer to three main methods that a person can use to speak or write persuasively. As you’re about to find out, the modes of persuasion are important because a speaker who knows how to effectively use them will have a significant advantage over someone who doesn’t. The terms ethos, pathos, and logos and the theory of their use can be traced back to ancient Greece to the philosophy of Aristotle. Aristotle used these three concepts in his explanations of rhetoric, or the art of influencing the thought and conduct of an audience. For Aristotle, the three modes of persuasion specifically referred to the three major parts of an argument: the speaker (ethos), the argument itself (logos), and the audience (pathos). In particular, Aristotle focused on the speaker’s character, the logic and reason presented by an argument, and the emotional impact the argument had on an audience. While they have ancient roots, these modes of persuasion are alive and well today. Put simply, ethos refers to persuasion based on the credibility or authority of the speaker, pathos refers to persuasion based on emotion, and logos refers to persuasion based on logic or reason. By effectively using the three modes of persuasion with a large supply of rhetorical devices, a speaker or writer can become a master of rhetoric and win nearly any argument or win over any audience. Before they can do that, though, they must know exactly what ethos, pathos, and logos mean. Fortunately, we are going to look closely at each of these three ideas and see if they are really as effective as they are said to be. Quick summary Ethos, pathos, and logos are the three classical modes of persuasion that a person can use to speak or write persuasively. Specifically: ethos (character): known as “the appeal to authority” or “the appeal to credibility.” This is the method in which a person relies on their credibility or character when making an appeal or an argument. pathos (emotions): known as “the appeal to emotion.” Pathos refers to the method of trying to persuade an audience by eliciting some kind of emotional reaction. logos (logic): known as “the appeal to reason.” This method involves using facts and logical reasoning to support an argument and persuade an audience. What is ethos? The word ethos comes straight from Greek. In Greek, ethos literally translates to “habit,” “custom,” or “character.” Ethos is related to the words ethic and ethical, which are typically used to refer to behavior that is or isn’t acceptable for a particular person. In rhetoric, the word ethos is used to refer to the character or reputation of the speaker. As a rhetorical appeal, ethos is known as “the appeal to authority” or “the appeal to credibility.” When it comes to ethos, one important consideration is how the speaker carries themself and how they present themselves to the audience: Does it seem like they know what they are talking about? Do they even believe the words they are saying? Are they an expert? Do they have some experience or skills that tell us we should listen to them? Ethos is important in rhetoric because it often influences the opinion or mood of the audience. If a speaker seems unenthusiastic, unprepared, or inexperienced, the audience is more likely to discount the speaker’s argument regardless of what it even is. On the other hand, a knowledgeable, authoritative, confident speaker is much more likely to win an audience over. Ethos often depends on more than just the argument itself. For example, a speaker’s word choice, grammar, and diction also contribute to ethos; an audience may react more favorably toward a professional speaker who has a good grasp of industry jargon and enunciates clearly versus a speaker who lacks the necessary vocabulary and fails to enunciate. Ethos can also be influenced by nonverbal factors as well, such as posture, body language, eye contact, and even the speaker’s choice of clothing. For example, a military officer proudly wearing their uniform bedecked with medals will go a long way to establishing ethos without them saying a single word. Here as a simple example of ethos: “As a former mayor of this city, I believe we can solve this crisis if we band together.” The speaker uses ethos by alerting the audience of their credentials and experience. By doing so, they rely on their reputation to be more persuasive. This “as a…” method of establishing ethos is common, and you have probably seen it used in many persuasive advertisements and speeches. What is pathos? In Greek, pathos literally translates to “suffering, experience, or sensation.” The word pathos is related to the words pathetic, sympathy, and empathy, which all have to do with emotions or emotional connections. Aristotle used the word pathos to refer to the emotional impact that an argument had on an audience; this usage is still mainly how pathos is used in rhetoric today. As a rhetorical appeal, pathos is referred to as “the appeal to emotion.” Generally speaking, an author or speaker is using pathos when they are trying to persuade an audience by causing some kind of emotional reaction. When it comes to pathos, any and all emotions are on the table: sadness, fear, hope, joy, anger, lust, pity, etc. As you probably know from your own life, emotions are a powerful motivating factor. For this reason, relying on pathos is often a smart and effective strategy for persuading an audience. Both positive and negative emotions can heavily influence an audience: for example, an audience will want to support a speaker whose position will make them happy, a speaker who wants to end their sadness, or a speaker who is opposed to something that makes them angry. Here is a simple example of pathos: “Every day, the rainforests shrink and innocent animals are killed. We must do something about this calamitous trend before the planet we call our home is damaged beyond repair.” Here, the author is trying to win over an audience by making them feel sad, concerned, or afraid. The author’s choice of words like “innocent” and “calamitous” enforce the fact that they are trying to rely on pathos. What is logos? In Greek, the word logos literally translates to “word, reason, or discourse.” The word logos is related to many different words that have to do with reason, discourse, or knowledge, such as logic, logical, and any words that end in the suffixes -logy or -logue. As a mode of persuasion and rhetorical appeal, logos is often referred to as “the appeal to reason.” If a speaker or author is relying on logos, they are typically reciting facts or providing data and statistics that support their argument. In a manner of speaking, logos does away with all of the bells and whistles of ethos and pathos and cuts to the chase by trying to present a rational argument. Logos can be effective in arguments because, in theory, it is impossible to argue against truth and facts. An audience is more likely to agree with a speaker who can provide strong, factual evidence that shows their position is correct. On the flip side, an audience is less likely to support an argument that is flawed or entirely wrong. Going further, a speaker that presents a lot of supporting evidence and data to the audience is likely to come across as knowledgeable and someone to be listened to, which earns bonus points in ethos as well. While Aristotle clearly valued an argument based on reason very highly, we know that logos alone doesn’t always effectively persuade an audience. In your own life, you have likely seen a rational, correct speaker lose an argument to a charismatic, authoritative speaker who may not have the facts right. Here is a simple example of logos: “According to market research, sales of computer chips have increased by 300% in the last five years. Analysis of the industry tells us that the market share of computer chips is dominated by Asian manufacturers. It is clear that the Asian technology sector will continue to experience rapid growth for the foreseeable future.” In this paragraph, the author is using data, statistics, and logical reasoning to make their argument. They clearly hope to use logos to try to convince an audience to agree with them. Examples of ethos, pathos, and logos Ethos, pathos, and logos can all be employed to deliver compelling and persuasive arguments or to win over an audience. Let’s look at a variety of examples to see how different speakers and authors have turned to these modes of persuasion over the years. ethos “Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me […] You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?” —Marc Antony, Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare In this scene, Marc Antony is trying to win over the Roman people, so Shakespeare has Antony rely on ethos. Antony is establishing himself as both a person of authority in Rome (having the power to offer Caesar a crown) and an expert on Caesar’s true character (Antony was Caesar’s close friend and advisor). “During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance.” —Steve Jobs, 2005 Here, Steve Jobs is providing his background–via humblebrag– of being a major figure in several different highly successful tech companies. Jobs is using ethos to provide substance to his words and make it clear to the audience that he knows what he is talking about and they should listen to him. pathos “Moreover, though you hate both him and his gifts with all your heart, yet pity the rest of the Achaeans who are being harassed in all their host; they will honour you as a god, and you will earn great glory at their hands. You might even kill Hector; he will come within your reach, for he is infatuated, and declares that not a Danaan whom the ships have brought can hold his own against him.” —Ulysses to Achilles, The Iliad by Homer In this plea, Ulysses is doing his best to pile on the pathos. In one paragraph, Ulysses is attempting to appeal to several of Achilles’s emotions: his hatred of Hector, his infamous stubborn pride, his sympathy for civilians, and his desire for vengeance. “I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest—quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.” —Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., 1963 In this excerpt from his “I Have A Dream” speech, King is using pathos to accomplish two goals at once. First, he is connecting with his audience by making it clear is aware of their plight and suffering. Second, he is citing these examples to cause sadness or outrage in the audience. Both of these effects will make an audience interested in what he has to say and more likely to support his position. logos “Let it be remembered how powerful the influence of a single introduced tree or mammal has been shown to be. But in the case of an island, or of a country partly surrounded by barriers, into which new and better adapted forms could not freely enter, we should then have places in the economy of nature which would assuredly be better filled up if some of the original inhabitants were in some manner modified; for, had the area been open to immigration, these same places would have been seized on by intruders. In such case, every slight modification, which in the course of ages chanced to arise, and which in any way favoured the individuals of any of the species, by better adapting them to their altered conditions, would tend to be preserved; and natural selection would have free scope for the work of improvement.” —Charles Darwin, On the Origin of the Species, 1859 In this passage, Darwin is using logos by presenting a rational argument in support of natural selection. Darwin connects natural selection to established scientific knowledge to argue that it makes logical sense that animals would adapt to better survive in their environment. “I often echo the point made by the climate scientist James Hansen: The accumulation of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases—some of which will envelop the planet for hundreds and possibly thousands of years—is now trapping as much extra energy daily as 500,000 Hiroshima-class atomic bombs would release every 24 hours. This is the crisis we face.” —Al Gore, “The Climate Crisis Is the Battle of Our Time, and We Can Win,” 2019 In this call to action, Al Gore uses logos to attempt to convince his audience of the significance of climate change. In order to do this, Gore both cites an expert in the field and provides a scientifically accurate simile to explain the scale of the effect that greenhouse gases have on Earth’s atmosphere. What are mythos and kairos? Some modern scholars may also use terms mythos and kairos when discussing modes of persuasion or rhetoric in general. Aristotle used the term mythos to refer to the plot or story structure of Greek tragedies, i.e., how a playwright ordered the events of the story to affect the audience. Today, mythos is most often discussed as a literary or poetic term rather than a rhetorical one. However, mythos may rarely be referred to as the “appeal to culture” or the “appeal to myth” if it is treated as an additional mode of persuasion. According to this viewpoint, a speaker/writer is using mythos if they try to persuade an audience using shared cultural customs or societal values. A commonly cited example of mythos is King’s “I Have a Dream” speech quoted earlier. King says: “When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men—yes, black men as well as white men—would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable rights’ of ‘life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.’ ” Throughout the speech, King repeatedly uses American symbols and American history (mythos) to argue that all Americans should be outraged that Black Americans have been denied freedom and civil rights. Some modern scholars may also consider kairos as an additional mode of persuasion. Kairos is usually defined as referring to the specific time and place that a speaker chooses to deliver their speech. For written rhetoric, the “place” instead refers to the specific medium or publication in which a piece of writing appears. Unlike the other modes of persuasion, kairos relates to the context of a speech and how the appropriateness (or not) of a setting affects how effective a speaker is. Once again, King’s “I Have a Dream” speech is a great example of the use of kairos. This speech was delivered at the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Clearly, King intended to use kairos to enhance the importance and timeliness of this landmark speech. Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • Happy Lunar New Year – Learn All About This Celebration!

    For millions of Asian Americans and Asian peoples around the world, the Lunar New Year is a time to gather with family, start the year off right, and eat a lot of delicious food. Like, a lot. One of the biggest holidays in East Asia, the Lunar New Year will fall on February 1, 2022 in 2022. Because it’s based on the Chinese lunisolar calendar, it’s also often called Chinese New Year.

    While you may be familiar with Lunar New Year parades on TV, did you know the holiday encompasses a wide variety of unique traditions—from gifts exchanged to lucky fruit? Here’s a quick look at some of the things that happen behind the scenes.

    How do people prepare for Lunar New Year?
    There’s a lot to do leading up to the holiday. The general spirit of this preparation is to clean away the residue of the old year and start fresh, personally and financially. You can do this by giving your entire home a good deep cleaning and settling your debts and grudges. Clear away all the lingering bad luck of the old year, making room for the good luck of the new year.

    It’s also important to visit your family’s gravesites before the new year. It’s bad luck to visit a cemetery during the New Year’s celebration because it’s ill-advised to mix interactions with death and celebrations of life. It’s a chance to touch base with your ancestors and remember them fondly. Some believe that ancestral spirits help bring good fortune in the new year.

    What do people eat during Lunar New Year?
    During the Lunar New Year, families get together to eat lucky foods, exchange gifts, and bond with one another. These gatherings are the highlight of the season. Many people travel far and wide to visit all of their family in the new year. So you live in San Francisco, but your family’s in New York? Have fun on your road trip!

    Of course, as soon as you get through the door all your relatives will ask, “你食飯未呀” (“Have you eaten yet?”). What would family gatherings be without loads of food? But it’s considered bad luck to touch knives during the New Year’s season, so a lot of families take time to prep and store food ahead of time.

    Some traditional foods have symbolic meanings:

    fish

    Fish is the centerpiece of many New Year’s feasts. In some Chinese dialects, the word for fish (鱼 or yú) is a homophone with the word for surplus (余, also yú). Thanks to this, eating seafood is believed to symbolize a bountiful new year.

    dumplings

    Dumplings symbolize wealth because they look like little Chinese-style gold ingots (or like little purses). Some believe eating a lot of them will lead to wealth in the new year (which sounds like a great excuse to eat more dumplings).

    long noodles

    Long noodles symbolize longevity and happiness. They can be served fried, boiled, or as part of a soup. Cutting or breaking the noodles is seen to symbolize cutting your lifespan short. So if you have a habit of breaking your pasta before cooking it, you might want to rethink that.

    10-course banquets

    Some restaurants will host 10-course banquets for the occasion. The pricing for these banquets will usually end in the number eight, which is considered lucky in Chinese numerology. In both Mandarin and Cantonese, the word for eight (八, pronounced bā or bat) sounds similar to the word for prosperity (發 pronounced fā or fat). You might actually recognize 發 from a common Chinese New Year greeting: “恭禧發財”. (You can say gong she fa tsai in Mandarin or gong hey fat choi in Cantonese.) So if you see a feast for $888, you know that’s extra lucky.

    Lunar New Year celebrations and traditions

    Lunar New Year is a time to wish each other luck and prosperity in the year to come—while warding off any potential bad spirits.

    red envelopes

    When families gather, they’ll also exchange red envelopes. These are known as lai see (Cantonese) or hóng bāo (Mandarin). They’re gifts from adults (elders and married people) to children and unmarried young adults. They usually contain a few coins or small bills of “lucky money.” This symbolizes a wish for prosperity and plenty in the new year. At the end of the New Year’s celebration period, you’re supposed to spend the lucky money on something sweet (for a sweet new year).

    lucky words

    Many families also decorate their homes with bright red lanterns and signs for the holiday. These typically have lucky words written on them in gold lettering. One word used is fú (福), which means good fortune. You might see this character hung upside down on or near someone’s front door. This is because in some dialects, the word for upside down, dào (倒) is a homonym with the word for to arrive (到, also pronounced dào). Hanging the sign upside down symbolizes arrival of good fortune. Yay for wordplay.

    firecrackers

    One Chinese legend says that there was once a monster, called the nián, that terrorized a certain village every Lunar New Year. Then one day, the villagers learned that the nián was afraid of a bright shade of red, as well as loud noises. The villagers all wore red and set off firecrackers and fireworks. The nián was terrified and fled the village for good. Mulan would be proud. Today, you’ll still see plenty of red and hear plenty of fireworks. It’s all still meant to scare away evil spirits (the nián included).

    tangerines

    You might also see arrangements of tangerines or other citrus fruits. These are also meant to symbolize prosperity thanks to their golden color. Tangerines that still have leaves and stems symbolize fertility. It’s traditional to give tangerines as gifts when you visit someone’s home during the New Year’s celebration.

    Lunar New Year is an important time for many people in Asia, as well as for Asian communities worldwide. You probably know at least one person who celebrates it, and the traditions they observe won’t be the exact same as people of other families, regions, ethnicities, or religions.

    What are zodiac animals?

    The Chinese New Year specifically marks the end and beginning of a year of the Chinese zodiac. The Chinese zodiac consists of a cycle of 12 years, all named for animals. These animals are, in order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar.

    Just like the Western zodiac, the Chinese zodiac says that a person’s personality and horoscope can be determined by their personal zodiac sign—in this case, the one of their birth year. According to the Chinese zodiac, 2022 is the Year of the Tiger. To celebrate the occasion, Chinese New Year festivals, parties, and parades will be held around the world, and most will be adorned with tigers in the form of decorations, art, and toys. The occasion also motivated some organizations to raise awareness of tiger conservation as tigers are a critically endangered species. In 2002, you can also celebrate and share your support for tigers with the Tiger Face emoji 🐯 and Tiger emoji 🐅.


    ⚡️Chinese zodiac chart
    Starting in year 2020, here is a chart of the next 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac:

    Year Animal Emoji representation
    2020 rat 🐀
    2021 ox 🐂,
    2022 tiger 🐅, 🐯
    2023 rabbit 🐇, 🐰
    2024 dragon 🐉, 🐲
    2025 snake 🐍
    2026 horse 🐎, 🐴
    2027 goat 🐐
    2028 monkey 🐒, 🐵
    2029 rooster 🐓, 🐔
    2030 dog 🐕, 🐶
    2031 pig 🐖, 🐷

    Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Happy Lunar New Year – Learn All About This Celebration! For millions of Asian Americans and Asian peoples around the world, the Lunar New Year is a time to gather with family, start the year off right, and eat a lot of delicious food. Like, a lot. One of the biggest holidays in East Asia, the Lunar New Year will fall on February 1, 2022 in 2022. Because it’s based on the Chinese lunisolar calendar, it’s also often called Chinese New Year. While you may be familiar with Lunar New Year parades on TV, did you know the holiday encompasses a wide variety of unique traditions—from gifts exchanged to lucky fruit? Here’s a quick look at some of the things that happen behind the scenes. How do people prepare for Lunar New Year? There’s a lot to do leading up to the holiday. The general spirit of this preparation is to clean away the residue of the old year and start fresh, personally and financially. You can do this by giving your entire home a good deep cleaning and settling your debts and grudges. Clear away all the lingering bad luck of the old year, making room for the good luck of the new year. It’s also important to visit your family’s gravesites before the new year. It’s bad luck to visit a cemetery during the New Year’s celebration because it’s ill-advised to mix interactions with death and celebrations of life. It’s a chance to touch base with your ancestors and remember them fondly. Some believe that ancestral spirits help bring good fortune in the new year. What do people eat during Lunar New Year? During the Lunar New Year, families get together to eat lucky foods, exchange gifts, and bond with one another. These gatherings are the highlight of the season. Many people travel far and wide to visit all of their family in the new year. So you live in San Francisco, but your family’s in New York? Have fun on your road trip! Of course, as soon as you get through the door all your relatives will ask, “你食飯未呀” (“Have you eaten yet?”). What would family gatherings be without loads of food? But it’s considered bad luck to touch knives during the New Year’s season, so a lot of families take time to prep and store food ahead of time. Some traditional foods have symbolic meanings: fish Fish is the centerpiece of many New Year’s feasts. In some Chinese dialects, the word for fish (鱼 or yú) is a homophone with the word for surplus (余, also yú). Thanks to this, eating seafood is believed to symbolize a bountiful new year. dumplings Dumplings symbolize wealth because they look like little Chinese-style gold ingots (or like little purses). Some believe eating a lot of them will lead to wealth in the new year (which sounds like a great excuse to eat more dumplings). long noodles Long noodles symbolize longevity and happiness. They can be served fried, boiled, or as part of a soup. Cutting or breaking the noodles is seen to symbolize cutting your lifespan short. So if you have a habit of breaking your pasta before cooking it, you might want to rethink that. 10-course banquets Some restaurants will host 10-course banquets for the occasion. The pricing for these banquets will usually end in the number eight, which is considered lucky in Chinese numerology. In both Mandarin and Cantonese, the word for eight (八, pronounced bā or bat) sounds similar to the word for prosperity (發 pronounced fā or fat). You might actually recognize 發 from a common Chinese New Year greeting: “恭禧發財”. (You can say gong she fa tsai in Mandarin or gong hey fat choi in Cantonese.) So if you see a feast for $888, you know that’s extra lucky. Lunar New Year celebrations and traditions Lunar New Year is a time to wish each other luck and prosperity in the year to come—while warding off any potential bad spirits. red envelopes When families gather, they’ll also exchange red envelopes. These are known as lai see (Cantonese) or hóng bāo (Mandarin). They’re gifts from adults (elders and married people) to children and unmarried young adults. They usually contain a few coins or small bills of “lucky money.” This symbolizes a wish for prosperity and plenty in the new year. At the end of the New Year’s celebration period, you’re supposed to spend the lucky money on something sweet (for a sweet new year). lucky words Many families also decorate their homes with bright red lanterns and signs for the holiday. These typically have lucky words written on them in gold lettering. One word used is fú (福), which means good fortune. You might see this character hung upside down on or near someone’s front door. This is because in some dialects, the word for upside down, dào (倒) is a homonym with the word for to arrive (到, also pronounced dào). Hanging the sign upside down symbolizes arrival of good fortune. Yay for wordplay. firecrackers One Chinese legend says that there was once a monster, called the nián, that terrorized a certain village every Lunar New Year. Then one day, the villagers learned that the nián was afraid of a bright shade of red, as well as loud noises. The villagers all wore red and set off firecrackers and fireworks. The nián was terrified and fled the village for good. Mulan would be proud. Today, you’ll still see plenty of red and hear plenty of fireworks. It’s all still meant to scare away evil spirits (the nián included). tangerines You might also see arrangements of tangerines or other citrus fruits. These are also meant to symbolize prosperity thanks to their golden color. Tangerines that still have leaves and stems symbolize fertility. It’s traditional to give tangerines as gifts when you visit someone’s home during the New Year’s celebration. Lunar New Year is an important time for many people in Asia, as well as for Asian communities worldwide. You probably know at least one person who celebrates it, and the traditions they observe won’t be the exact same as people of other families, regions, ethnicities, or religions. What are zodiac animals? The Chinese New Year specifically marks the end and beginning of a year of the Chinese zodiac. The Chinese zodiac consists of a cycle of 12 years, all named for animals. These animals are, in order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. Just like the Western zodiac, the Chinese zodiac says that a person’s personality and horoscope can be determined by their personal zodiac sign—in this case, the one of their birth year. According to the Chinese zodiac, 2022 is the Year of the Tiger. To celebrate the occasion, Chinese New Year festivals, parties, and parades will be held around the world, and most will be adorned with tigers in the form of decorations, art, and toys. The occasion also motivated some organizations to raise awareness of tiger conservation as tigers are a critically endangered species. In 2002, you can also celebrate and share your support for tigers with the Tiger Face emoji 🐯 and Tiger emoji 🐅. ⚡️Chinese zodiac chart Starting in year 2020, here is a chart of the next 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac: Year Animal Emoji representation 2020 rat 🐀 2021 ox 🐂, 2022 tiger 🐅, 🐯 2023 rabbit 🐇, 🐰 2024 dragon 🐉, 🐲 2025 snake 🐍 2026 horse 🐎, 🐴 2027 goat 🐐 2028 monkey 🐒, 🐵 2029 rooster 🐓, 🐔 2030 dog 🐕, 🐶 2031 pig 🐖, 🐷 Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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