• āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”! āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ “āļŠāļīāļ•āļēāđ€āļāļ°” āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ›āđāļ—āļ™āđāļĢāđˆāļŦāļēāļĒāļēāļ

    āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļļāļ“āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‹āļīāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āļŦāļēāļĒāļēāļ āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ “āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”” āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļ! āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ­āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļĒāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”āļŠāļīāļ•āļēāđ€āļāļ° (mycelium) āļĄāļēāļ—āļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĄāļĄāļĢāļīāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆāļģāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ

    āđ€āļĄāļĄāļĢāļīāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ “neuromorphic computing” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāđāļšāļšāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļšāļšāļŠāļĄāļ­āļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ„āļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŦāļļāđˆāļ™āļĒāļ™āļ•āđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ–āļĒāļ™āļ•āđŒāļ­āļąāļ•āđ‚āļ™āļĄāļąāļ•āļī

    āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļĒāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ— āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđāļšāļš “spiking” āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļĢāļ‡āļ”āļąāļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļ™āđ‰āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļĒāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē

    āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļĄāļĄāļĢāļīāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ RAM āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ–āļĩāđˆāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 5,850 Hz āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāļ–āļķāļ‡ 90% āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ—āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩ

    āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļĄāļĄāļĢāļīāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ”āļŠāļīāļ•āļēāđ€āļāļ°
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļĒāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ” (mycelium) āđāļ—āļ™āđāļĢāđˆāļŦāļēāļĒāļēāļ
    āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ— āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āđāļšāļš spiking
    āļ—āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩ

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™
    āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ RAM āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ–āļĩāđˆ 5,850 Hz
    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 90 ± 1%
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāđƒāļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļŠāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļž
    āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļĢāđˆāļŦāļēāļĒāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡
    āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒāļŠāļĨāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ
    āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ neuromorphic āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡
    āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģ
    āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒ
    āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļīāļŠāļđāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ

    https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/shiitake-powered-computer-demonstrated-by-researchers-mushroom-infused-chips-a-surprising-alternative-to-using-rare-earths-in-memristors
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  • "HyperSpace Trackpad Pro: āđāļ—āļĢāđ‡āļ„āđāļžāļ”āļŠāļļāļ”āļĨāđ‰āļģāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Windows āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļēāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāđāļšāļš Apple"

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    āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļš piezo haptic āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāļ„āļĨāļīāļāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē deep-click zones āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒ Hydra Connect āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ­āļ›āļĒāļ­āļ”āļ™āļīāļĒāļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Adobe Photoshop, Premiere Pro, Illustrator, Microsoft Office, Teams āđāļĨāļ° Figma

    āļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HyperSpace Trackpad Pro
    āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš multi-touch gesture āļšāļ™ Windows āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš
    āļĄāļĩ haptic feedback āđāļĨāļ° pressure sensitivity
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Bluetooth 5.2 āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­
    āđāļšāļ•āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļĩāđˆ 1,000mAh āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ ~30 āļ§āļąāļ™
    āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļ CNC-aluminum āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ‚āļąāļ”āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļš

    āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰ piezo haptic āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļĨāļīāļāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§
    āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ”āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ
    āļĄāļĩ force sensing matrix āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē deep-click zones
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒ Hydra Connect āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđāļ­āļ›

    āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™
    āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš macOS āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļĨāļīāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™
    āļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļĢāļđāļ›āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ­āļ›āļĒāļ­āļ”āļ™āļīāļĒāļĄ
    āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē corner shortcuts āđāļĨāļ° gesture āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđāļ­āļ›

    āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļ„āļē
    āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰ pre-order āļœāđˆāļēāļ™ Kickstarter āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§
    āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ $109 āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš Super Early Bird
    Creator Pack āļĢāļēāļ„āļē $180 āļĄāļēāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ SSD enclosure
    āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļąāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ•āļĢāļĄāļēāļŠāđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩ 2026

    https://www.tomshardware.com/peripherals/the-usd150-external-hyperspace-trackpad-pro-is-an-apple-magic-trackpad-alternative-for-windows-users-with-haptic-feedback-and-pressure-sensitivity-crowdfunded-peripheral-ships-in-q1-2026
    ðŸ–ąïļ "HyperSpace Trackpad Pro: āđāļ—āļĢāđ‡āļ„āđāļžāļ”āļŠāļļāļ”āļĨāđ‰āļģāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Windows āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļēāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāđāļšāļš Apple" Hyper āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§ HyperSpace Trackpad Pro āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđāļ—āļ™ Apple Magic Trackpad āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Windows āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ $150 āđāļĨāļ°āļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļžāļĢāļĩāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ haptic feedback, pressure sensitivity āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš multi-touch gesture āđāļšāļšāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļĢāđ‡āļ„āđāļžāļ”āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļ CNC-aluminum āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ‚āļąāļ”āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļš āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 166.9 x 103.4 x 13 āļĄāļĄ. āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļ 300 āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Bluetooth 5.2 āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļąāļšāļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļšāļ•āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļĩāđˆ 1,000mAh āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļķāļ‡ 30 āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĢāđŒāļˆāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļš piezo haptic āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāļ„āļĨāļīāļāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē deep-click zones āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒ Hydra Connect āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ­āļ›āļĒāļ­āļ”āļ™āļīāļĒāļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Adobe Photoshop, Premiere Pro, Illustrator, Microsoft Office, Teams āđāļĨāļ° Figma ✅ āļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HyperSpace Trackpad Pro ➡ïļ āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš multi-touch gesture āļšāļ™ Windows āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš âžĄïļ āļĄāļĩ haptic feedback āđāļĨāļ° pressure sensitivity ➡ïļ āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Bluetooth 5.2 āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­ âžĄïļ āđāļšāļ•āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļĩāđˆ 1,000mAh āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ ~30 āļ§āļąāļ™ âžĄïļ āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļ CNC-aluminum āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ‚āļąāļ”āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļš âœ… āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē ➡ïļ āđƒāļŠāđ‰ piezo haptic āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļĨāļīāļāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§ âžĄïļ āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ”āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ âžĄïļ āļĄāļĩ force sensing matrix āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē deep-click zones ➡ïļ āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒ Hydra Connect āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđāļ­āļ› âœ… āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ âžĄïļ āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš macOS āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļĨāļīāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ âžĄïļ āļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļĢāļđāļ›āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ­āļ›āļĒāļ­āļ”āļ™āļīāļĒāļĄ âžĄïļ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē corner shortcuts āđāļĨāļ° gesture āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđāļ­āļ› âœ… āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļ„āļē ➡ïļ āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰ pre-order āļœāđˆāļēāļ™ Kickstarter āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ âžĄïļ āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ $109 āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš Super Early Bird ➡ïļ Creator Pack āļĢāļēāļ„āļē $180 āļĄāļēāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ SSD enclosure ➡ïļ āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļąāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ•āļĢāļĄāļēāļŠāđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩ 2026 https://www.tomshardware.com/peripherals/the-usd150-external-hyperspace-trackpad-pro-is-an-apple-magic-trackpad-alternative-for-windows-users-with-haptic-feedback-and-pressure-sensitivity-crowdfunded-peripheral-ships-in-q1-2026
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  • Highlight Words In Action : September 2025

    acrimony noun: sharpness, harshness, or bitterness of nature, speech, disposition, etc.

    From the headlines: European trade ministers gathered on July 14 to discuss the new U.S. tariffs, aiming to ease the acrimony between the EU and the Trump administration. While they planned potential countermeasures against the 30 percent tariffs, which they deemed “unacceptable,” they were united in favor of pursuing a negotiated agreement with the U.S. to maintain stable trade ties.

    adamant
    adjective: utterly unyielding in attitude or opinion in spite of all appeals, urgings, etc.

    From the headlines: Mars, the maker of M&M’s, Skittles, and other popular candies, remains adamant that it will only stop using synthetic dyes in its candy if legally required. While other food companies have announced plans to phase out artificial colors in items like Lucky Charms, Jell-O, and Kool-Aid, some candy manufacturers are holding firm. They argue that natural alternatives cost more and don’t deliver the same vibrant colors.

    aerial
    adjective: existing, living, growing, or operating in the air

    From the headlines: On June 29, Russia launched its largest aerial assault of the war in Ukraine, firing more missiles than in any previous attack since the beginning of the war in 2022. The strikes hit multiple Ukrainian cities, injuring at least a dozen people and damaging key infrastructure.

    autonomous
    adjective: existing as an independent entity

    From the headlines: Robots competed in a fully autonomous soccer tournament in Beijing, with four teams of three humanoid robots each operating solely under AI control. Although the idea was innovative, the robots had trouble with basic actions like kicking and staying balanced. Tsinghua University’s THU Robotics team clinched the championship by scoring five goals in the final round.

    bioluminescent
    adjective: pertaining to the production of light by living organisms

    From the headlines: A new research project will try to interpret the meaning of fireflies’ blinking. Scientists in Colorado enlisted the help of citizen observers to record videos of the bioluminescent insects at dusk. Researchers will eventually make a 3D map of where the glowing lights flash over time. While they know firefly blinks follow a deliberate pattern and are used to attract a mate, experts believe there is more to learn.

    bodega
    noun: a small, independent or family-owned grocery store, usually located in a densely populated urban environment

    From the headlines: A recent crime spree in New York City has targeted bodega ATMs. Thefts of cash machines have increased over the past five years, and New York’s small corner stores have been hit particularly hard. Three people are suspected of stealing almost $600,000 over six months by breaking into independent convenience stores, removing their ATMs, and driving away with them in stolen cars.

    contretemps
    noun: an inopportune occurrence; an embarrassing mischance

    From the headlines: After a contretemps between the Quebec Board of the French Language and Montreal’s transit agency, new rules grudgingly allow the use of the word “go” when cheering sports teams. The Board had objected to a Montreal Canadiens ad campaign that read “Go! Canadiens Go!” Tasked with preserving the province’s French heritage, the Board had been insisting on replacing the signs with “Allez! Canadiens Allez!”

    decorum
    noun: dignified propriety of behavior, speech, dress, etc.

    From the headlines: La Scala has introduced a new dress code requiring attendees to “choose clothing in keeping with the decorum of the theatre.” The renowned Milan opera house is codifying its long-standing policy discouraging attire like flip-flops, shorts, and tank tops. Guests are now expected to dress with elegance, honoring both the opera house’s refined ambiance and its storied cultural legacy.

    driftwood
    noun: pieces of trees that are floating on a body of water or have been washed ashore

    From the headlines: In rural Alaska, residents of some villages and small towns are continuing a long tradition by using driftwood for fuel and as energy-efficient siding for their homes. The pieces of wood, worn smooth by ocean waves or currents in rivers and streams, have been used this way by Indigenous Alaskans for thousands of years. Communities save money and protect the environment by reusing old trees or boards found floating in the water instead of buying lumber and logs.

    eavesdrop
    verb: to listen secretly to a private conversation

    From the headlines: Ecologists have found that long-billed curlews and other grassland nesters routinely eavesdrop on prairie dogs to dodge predators. Sharing a habitat where hawks, eagles, foxes, and other Great Plains animals lurk, the birds capitalize on the rodents’ warning calls. After eavesdropping on these distinctive calls, the curlews and other birds crouch or camouflage themselves until the threat has passed.

    emulate
    verb: to imitate with effort to equal or surpass

    From the headlines: Inspired by Paris’s recent success, cities across the globe are preparing to emulate its efforts to restore polluted urban rivers for public use. After a hundred-year swimming ban, Parisians can now take a dip in the once-contaminated Seine, thanks to more than a billion dollars spent on upgrades like sewer improvements and rainwater storage. Cities such as Berlin, Boston, New York, and London are developing similar plans to clean their waterways and make them safe for swimming once again.

    estuary
    noun: the part of the mouth or lower course of a river in which the river’s current meets the sea’s tide

    From the headlines: Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed a bill that will ban oil drilling on the Apalachicola River. The river’s estuary is home to many endangered plants and animals, including the world’s largest stand of tupelo trees. The inlet is also the most important site in the state’s oyster industry. Environmentalists and fishermen supported the bill and pushed DeSantis to sign it.

    Fun fact: A Latin word meaning “boiling of the sea” is the root of estuary.

    gentrification
    noun: the buying and renovation of property in urban neighborhoods in a way that often displaces low-income families and small businesses

    From the headlines: Protesters in Mexico City say they’re angry about gentrification caused by large numbers of foreigners moving there since 2020. Locals say they have seen formerly affordable housing prices skyrocket as the numbers of short-term rentals and expats increase. Airbnb listings in the city have exploded to over 20,000, and Americans have arrived in particularly large numbers to buy and renovate houses. In the process, they say these factors have driven up costs for everyone, including local residents.

    hedonism
    noun: the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the highest good

    From the headlines: Researchers say there are six traits that make someone seem “cool” to others, including extroversion, power, and embracing hedonism. An American Psychological Association study surveyed 6,000 people in 12 countries and found a sharp division between people seen as “good” versus “cool.” Being hedonistic, for example, didn’t make someone seem “good,” but focusing on one’s own happiness and pleasure was strongly associated with appearing “cool.”

    kayak
    verb: to travel by a traditional Inuit or Yupik canoe with a skin cover on a light framework, or by a small boat resembling this

    From the headlines: Several dozen Native American teens who spent a month kayaking the length of the Klamath River reached their destination. The group paddled their long, narrow boats about 300 miles, from Oregon to California, to celebrate the removal of four dams. The waterway holds a deep significance to Native American tribes, and many of the teens learned to kayak specifically to participate in the long paddle.

    larceny
    noun: the wrongful taking of someone’s property or goods

    From the headlines: Atlanta police have identified a suspect in the theft of hard drives holding unreleased Beyoncé songs. Setlists and plans for concert footage were also stolen when the alleged thief broke into a vehicle rented by the singer’s team. The larceny occurred during a stop on her Cowboy Carter tour.

    linchpin
    noun: something that holds the various elements of a complicated structure together

    From the headlines: The Department of Defense will stop supplying meteorologists with satellite data, which experts describe as a linchpin of storm modeling. Forecasts for hurricanes rely heavily on this military satellite feed to track storm paths and determine when people should evacuate.

    matcha
    noun: finely ground tea leaf powder used to make tea or as a flavoring, or the tea made from it

    From the headlines: The worldwide demand for matcha is causing severe shortages and higher prices. The bright green, grassy-flavored, powdered tea has a long history in Japan, but its popularity in other countries has exploded in recent years. Drinks and baked goods made with matcha have become wildly popular, causing Japanese tea growers to struggle to keep up with the demand.

    meteorite
    noun: a mass of stone or metal that has reached the earth from outer space

    From the headlines: On July 16, a bidder paid $4.3 million to own a chunk of Mars. The rare Martian meteorite, which weighs about 54 pounds, is the largest meteor fragment ever found on Earth that’s known to come from the red planet. Out of approximately 77,000 confirmed meteorites, only 400 were originally part of Mars. This one, named NWA 16788, was found in the Sahara Desert after its 140-million-mile journey through space.

    monastery
    noun: a residence occupied by a community of persons, especially monks, living in seclusion under religious vows

    From the headlines: Tens of thousands of books are being removed from a medieval Hungarian monastery to save them from a beetle infestation. The Pannonhalma Archabbey contains Hungary’s oldest library and some of the country’s most ancient and valuable books and written records. The monastery was founded 1,000 years ago by Benedictines, and about fifty monks live there today, practicing religious contemplation and solitude.

    nuptials
    noun: a marriage ceremony, or a social event accompanying one

    From the headlines: Protesters took to the streets in Venice as Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sanchez held their nuptials on a Venetian island, complete with 200 guests and three days of extravagant celebrations. Locals expressed outrage, saying the event placed additional strain on a city already struggling with overtourism and environmental fragility.

    offering
    noun: something presented to a deity as a symbol of devotion

    From the headlines: Archaeologists discovered about 2,000 pottery offerings on the Greek island of Kythnos. Historians said the clay figures, which represent children, women, and animals, had been left by devoted worshippers over the centuries. Two ancient temples once stood on the site, as well as a pit where the objects given as gifts to the gods were eventually thrown away to make room for new offerings.

    parody
    noun: a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of writing or art

    From the headlines: Weird Al Yankovic, famed for his clever musical parodies, performed to a sold-out crowd at Madison Square Garden in New York, marking his first show at the iconic 20,000-seat venue. Over his forty-year career, Yankovic has become the most recognizable figure in the parody genre, with hits such as “Like a Surgeon,” a spoof of Madonna’s “Like a Virgin,” and “I Love Rocky Road,” a playful take on “I Love Rock ‘n Roll.”

    perennial
    adjective: arising repeatedly or always existing

    From the headlines: Joey Chestnut, the perennial champion of the Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest, reclaimed his crown this year after missing last year’s competition. He was sidelined in 2024 due to a sponsorship deal with a vegan meat brand, but prior to that, Chestnut had claimed victory in 16 of the past 17 contests. He still holds the world record for devouring 76 hot dogs and buns in just 10 minutes in 2021.

    philanthropist
    noun: someone who makes charitable donations

    From the headlines: Warren Buffett said he would donate $6 billion to five charitable foundations. The businessman and philanthropist, whose net worth is approximately $145 billion, has previously given more than $50 billion to the aforementioned foundations. While Buffet’s children will decide how to give away the rest of his fortune after his death, he said that more than 99 percent of it will have to be used philanthropically.

    plunder
    verb: to take wrongfully, as by pillage, robbery, or fraud

    From the headlines: Experts assumed that a Stradivarius violin plundered after World War II had been lost or destroyed; now it appears to have resurfaced. The 316-year-old instrument was stolen from a Berlin bank safe during the chaos at the end of the war, and the family who owned it searched for decades before giving up. An image of the looted violin, which is valued at millions of dollars, was discovered among photos of Stradivarius instruments from a 2018 Tokyo exhibition.

    risotto
    noun: a dish of rice cooked with broth and flavored with grated cheese and other ingredients

    From the headlines: The short-grain Italian rice that’s used to make risotto is under threat from an unusual culprit: flamingos. Flocks of the birds are settling into northern Italian rice paddies instead of their usual nesting grounds. By stirring the shallow water and rooting for mollusks, the flamingos are destroying many valuable rice crops.

    skittish
    adjective: easily frightened or extremely cautious

    From the headlines: Economists report that despite a low unemployment rate, employers are increasingly skittish about hiring, leaving many recent college graduates struggling to find jobs. Numerous tech companies, consulting firms, and federal agencies are cutting back or freezing hiring, while other industries are hesitant to increase payroll expenses. Furthermore, fewer workers are quitting, limiting job openings even more.

    synthetic
    adjective: pertaining to compounds formed through a chemical process by human agency, as opposed to those of natural origin

    From the headlines: The J.M. Smucker Company has announced it will phase out synthetic dyes from its jams and other offerings. While many of its products are already made without artificial colors, some, including sugar-free jams and Hostess snacks like Twinkies and Snoballs, still rely on them. The company intends to use naturally sourced dyes by 2027.

    tandem
    adverb: one following or behind the other

    From the headlines: Researchers were surprised by video evidence of animals that are normally at odds traveling in tandem. A night-vision camera recorded an ocelot traveling peacefully behind an opossum — a surprise, since ocelots usually prey on opossums. Later footage showed the opossum trailing the ocelot as it prowled. Other researchers have since reported at least three additional examples of such behavior.

    ÂĐ 2025, Aakkhra, All rights reserved.
    Highlight Words In Action : September 2025 acrimony noun: sharpness, harshness, or bitterness of nature, speech, disposition, etc. From the headlines: European trade ministers gathered on July 14 to discuss the new U.S. tariffs, aiming to ease the acrimony between the EU and the Trump administration. While they planned potential countermeasures against the 30 percent tariffs, which they deemed “unacceptable,” they were united in favor of pursuing a negotiated agreement with the U.S. to maintain stable trade ties. adamant adjective: utterly unyielding in attitude or opinion in spite of all appeals, urgings, etc. From the headlines: Mars, the maker of M&M’s, Skittles, and other popular candies, remains adamant that it will only stop using synthetic dyes in its candy if legally required. While other food companies have announced plans to phase out artificial colors in items like Lucky Charms, Jell-O, and Kool-Aid, some candy manufacturers are holding firm. They argue that natural alternatives cost more and don’t deliver the same vibrant colors. aerial adjective: existing, living, growing, or operating in the air From the headlines: On June 29, Russia launched its largest aerial assault of the war in Ukraine, firing more missiles than in any previous attack since the beginning of the war in 2022. The strikes hit multiple Ukrainian cities, injuring at least a dozen people and damaging key infrastructure. autonomous adjective: existing as an independent entity From the headlines: Robots competed in a fully autonomous soccer tournament in Beijing, with four teams of three humanoid robots each operating solely under AI control. Although the idea was innovative, the robots had trouble with basic actions like kicking and staying balanced. Tsinghua University’s THU Robotics team clinched the championship by scoring five goals in the final round. bioluminescent adjective: pertaining to the production of light by living organisms From the headlines: A new research project will try to interpret the meaning of fireflies’ blinking. Scientists in Colorado enlisted the help of citizen observers to record videos of the bioluminescent insects at dusk. Researchers will eventually make a 3D map of where the glowing lights flash over time. While they know firefly blinks follow a deliberate pattern and are used to attract a mate, experts believe there is more to learn. bodega noun: a small, independent or family-owned grocery store, usually located in a densely populated urban environment From the headlines: A recent crime spree in New York City has targeted bodega ATMs. Thefts of cash machines have increased over the past five years, and New York’s small corner stores have been hit particularly hard. Three people are suspected of stealing almost $600,000 over six months by breaking into independent convenience stores, removing their ATMs, and driving away with them in stolen cars. contretemps noun: an inopportune occurrence; an embarrassing mischance From the headlines: After a contretemps between the Quebec Board of the French Language and Montreal’s transit agency, new rules grudgingly allow the use of the word “go” when cheering sports teams. The Board had objected to a Montreal Canadiens ad campaign that read “Go! Canadiens Go!” Tasked with preserving the province’s French heritage, the Board had been insisting on replacing the signs with “Allez! Canadiens Allez!” decorum noun: dignified propriety of behavior, speech, dress, etc. From the headlines: La Scala has introduced a new dress code requiring attendees to “choose clothing in keeping with the decorum of the theatre.” The renowned Milan opera house is codifying its long-standing policy discouraging attire like flip-flops, shorts, and tank tops. Guests are now expected to dress with elegance, honoring both the opera house’s refined ambiance and its storied cultural legacy. driftwood noun: pieces of trees that are floating on a body of water or have been washed ashore From the headlines: In rural Alaska, residents of some villages and small towns are continuing a long tradition by using driftwood for fuel and as energy-efficient siding for their homes. The pieces of wood, worn smooth by ocean waves or currents in rivers and streams, have been used this way by Indigenous Alaskans for thousands of years. Communities save money and protect the environment by reusing old trees or boards found floating in the water instead of buying lumber and logs. eavesdrop verb: to listen secretly to a private conversation From the headlines: Ecologists have found that long-billed curlews and other grassland nesters routinely eavesdrop on prairie dogs to dodge predators. Sharing a habitat where hawks, eagles, foxes, and other Great Plains animals lurk, the birds capitalize on the rodents’ warning calls. After eavesdropping on these distinctive calls, the curlews and other birds crouch or camouflage themselves until the threat has passed. emulate verb: to imitate with effort to equal or surpass From the headlines: Inspired by Paris’s recent success, cities across the globe are preparing to emulate its efforts to restore polluted urban rivers for public use. After a hundred-year swimming ban, Parisians can now take a dip in the once-contaminated Seine, thanks to more than a billion dollars spent on upgrades like sewer improvements and rainwater storage. Cities such as Berlin, Boston, New York, and London are developing similar plans to clean their waterways and make them safe for swimming once again. estuary noun: the part of the mouth or lower course of a river in which the river’s current meets the sea’s tide From the headlines: Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed a bill that will ban oil drilling on the Apalachicola River. The river’s estuary is home to many endangered plants and animals, including the world’s largest stand of tupelo trees. The inlet is also the most important site in the state’s oyster industry. Environmentalists and fishermen supported the bill and pushed DeSantis to sign it. Fun fact: A Latin word meaning “boiling of the sea” is the root of estuary. gentrification noun: the buying and renovation of property in urban neighborhoods in a way that often displaces low-income families and small businesses From the headlines: Protesters in Mexico City say they’re angry about gentrification caused by large numbers of foreigners moving there since 2020. Locals say they have seen formerly affordable housing prices skyrocket as the numbers of short-term rentals and expats increase. Airbnb listings in the city have exploded to over 20,000, and Americans have arrived in particularly large numbers to buy and renovate houses. In the process, they say these factors have driven up costs for everyone, including local residents. hedonism noun: the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the highest good From the headlines: Researchers say there are six traits that make someone seem “cool” to others, including extroversion, power, and embracing hedonism. An American Psychological Association study surveyed 6,000 people in 12 countries and found a sharp division between people seen as “good” versus “cool.” Being hedonistic, for example, didn’t make someone seem “good,” but focusing on one’s own happiness and pleasure was strongly associated with appearing “cool.” kayak verb: to travel by a traditional Inuit or Yupik canoe with a skin cover on a light framework, or by a small boat resembling this From the headlines: Several dozen Native American teens who spent a month kayaking the length of the Klamath River reached their destination. The group paddled their long, narrow boats about 300 miles, from Oregon to California, to celebrate the removal of four dams. The waterway holds a deep significance to Native American tribes, and many of the teens learned to kayak specifically to participate in the long paddle. larceny noun: the wrongful taking of someone’s property or goods From the headlines: Atlanta police have identified a suspect in the theft of hard drives holding unreleased Beyoncé songs. Setlists and plans for concert footage were also stolen when the alleged thief broke into a vehicle rented by the singer’s team. The larceny occurred during a stop on her Cowboy Carter tour. linchpin noun: something that holds the various elements of a complicated structure together From the headlines: The Department of Defense will stop supplying meteorologists with satellite data, which experts describe as a linchpin of storm modeling. Forecasts for hurricanes rely heavily on this military satellite feed to track storm paths and determine when people should evacuate. matcha noun: finely ground tea leaf powder used to make tea or as a flavoring, or the tea made from it From the headlines: The worldwide demand for matcha is causing severe shortages and higher prices. The bright green, grassy-flavored, powdered tea has a long history in Japan, but its popularity in other countries has exploded in recent years. Drinks and baked goods made with matcha have become wildly popular, causing Japanese tea growers to struggle to keep up with the demand. meteorite noun: a mass of stone or metal that has reached the earth from outer space From the headlines: On July 16, a bidder paid $4.3 million to own a chunk of Mars. The rare Martian meteorite, which weighs about 54 pounds, is the largest meteor fragment ever found on Earth that’s known to come from the red planet. Out of approximately 77,000 confirmed meteorites, only 400 were originally part of Mars. This one, named NWA 16788, was found in the Sahara Desert after its 140-million-mile journey through space. monastery noun: a residence occupied by a community of persons, especially monks, living in seclusion under religious vows From the headlines: Tens of thousands of books are being removed from a medieval Hungarian monastery to save them from a beetle infestation. The Pannonhalma Archabbey contains Hungary’s oldest library and some of the country’s most ancient and valuable books and written records. The monastery was founded 1,000 years ago by Benedictines, and about fifty monks live there today, practicing religious contemplation and solitude. nuptials noun: a marriage ceremony, or a social event accompanying one From the headlines: Protesters took to the streets in Venice as Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sanchez held their nuptials on a Venetian island, complete with 200 guests and three days of extravagant celebrations. Locals expressed outrage, saying the event placed additional strain on a city already struggling with overtourism and environmental fragility. offering noun: something presented to a deity as a symbol of devotion From the headlines: Archaeologists discovered about 2,000 pottery offerings on the Greek island of Kythnos. Historians said the clay figures, which represent children, women, and animals, had been left by devoted worshippers over the centuries. Two ancient temples once stood on the site, as well as a pit where the objects given as gifts to the gods were eventually thrown away to make room for new offerings. parody noun: a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of writing or art From the headlines: Weird Al Yankovic, famed for his clever musical parodies, performed to a sold-out crowd at Madison Square Garden in New York, marking his first show at the iconic 20,000-seat venue. Over his forty-year career, Yankovic has become the most recognizable figure in the parody genre, with hits such as “Like a Surgeon,” a spoof of Madonna’s “Like a Virgin,” and “I Love Rocky Road,” a playful take on “I Love Rock ‘n Roll.” perennial adjective: arising repeatedly or always existing From the headlines: Joey Chestnut, the perennial champion of the Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest, reclaimed his crown this year after missing last year’s competition. He was sidelined in 2024 due to a sponsorship deal with a vegan meat brand, but prior to that, Chestnut had claimed victory in 16 of the past 17 contests. He still holds the world record for devouring 76 hot dogs and buns in just 10 minutes in 2021. philanthropist noun: someone who makes charitable donations From the headlines: Warren Buffett said he would donate $6 billion to five charitable foundations. The businessman and philanthropist, whose net worth is approximately $145 billion, has previously given more than $50 billion to the aforementioned foundations. While Buffet’s children will decide how to give away the rest of his fortune after his death, he said that more than 99 percent of it will have to be used philanthropically. plunder verb: to take wrongfully, as by pillage, robbery, or fraud From the headlines: Experts assumed that a Stradivarius violin plundered after World War II had been lost or destroyed; now it appears to have resurfaced. The 316-year-old instrument was stolen from a Berlin bank safe during the chaos at the end of the war, and the family who owned it searched for decades before giving up. An image of the looted violin, which is valued at millions of dollars, was discovered among photos of Stradivarius instruments from a 2018 Tokyo exhibition. risotto noun: a dish of rice cooked with broth and flavored with grated cheese and other ingredients From the headlines: The short-grain Italian rice that’s used to make risotto is under threat from an unusual culprit: flamingos. Flocks of the birds are settling into northern Italian rice paddies instead of their usual nesting grounds. By stirring the shallow water and rooting for mollusks, the flamingos are destroying many valuable rice crops. skittish adjective: easily frightened or extremely cautious From the headlines: Economists report that despite a low unemployment rate, employers are increasingly skittish about hiring, leaving many recent college graduates struggling to find jobs. Numerous tech companies, consulting firms, and federal agencies are cutting back or freezing hiring, while other industries are hesitant to increase payroll expenses. Furthermore, fewer workers are quitting, limiting job openings even more. synthetic adjective: pertaining to compounds formed through a chemical process by human agency, as opposed to those of natural origin From the headlines: The J.M. Smucker Company has announced it will phase out synthetic dyes from its jams and other offerings. While many of its products are already made without artificial colors, some, including sugar-free jams and Hostess snacks like Twinkies and Snoballs, still rely on them. The company intends to use naturally sourced dyes by 2027. tandem adverb: one following or behind the other From the headlines: Researchers were surprised by video evidence of animals that are normally at odds traveling in tandem. A night-vision camera recorded an ocelot traveling peacefully behind an opossum — a surprise, since ocelots usually prey on opossums. Later footage showed the opossum trailing the ocelot as it prowled. Other researchers have since reported at least three additional examples of such behavior. © 2025, Aakkhra, All rights reserved.
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  • “āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļ DTU — āđ€āļšāļē āļ—āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ•āļ•āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļžāļĨāļīāļāđ‚āļ‰āļĄāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™”

    āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļ Technical University of Denmark (DTU) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē “Monolithic Gyroidal Solid Oxide Cell” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ “The Monolith” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”

    āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļš “gyroid” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ‚āļēāļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ”āļĩāđ€āļĒāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄ āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļšāļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđāļĢāļ‡āļšāļąāļ™āļ”āļēāļĨāđƒāļˆāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ›āļ°āļāļēāļĢāļąāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĩāļāļœāļĩāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­

    āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļē 75% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ DTU āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļšāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ”āļāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļ§āļąāļ•āļ•āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™

    āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ “The Monolith” āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāļĨāļąāļšāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ (electrolysis mode) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” electrolysis āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ”āļĢāđ€āļˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē

    āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļš āļĨāļ”āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļˆāļēāļāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§
    DTU āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ “Monolithic Gyroidal Solid Oxide Cell” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ “The Monolith”
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ gyroid āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ TPMS āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļ
    āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°
    āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļ§āļąāļ•āļ•āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™

    āļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡
    āļ—āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 100°C āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĨāļąāļšāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™
    āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” electrolysis āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ”āļĢāđ€āļˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē
    āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ gyroid āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļŦāļĨāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™āļāđŠāļēāļ‹āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩ
    āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ
    TPMS āļ–āļđāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ heat exchanger āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļšāļē
    āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļš solid oxide (SOC) āļ–āļđāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨ āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­ āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĄāļļāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™
    āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāđāļ—āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ”āļāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ­āļēāļĒāļļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™
    DTU āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ›

    https://www.tomshardware.com/3d-printing/researchers-3d-print-lightweight-ceramic-fuel-cell-suggests-alternative-power-source-for-the-aerospace-industry
    🔎 “āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļ DTU — āđ€āļšāļē āļ—āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ•āļ•āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļžāļĨāļīāļāđ‚āļ‰āļĄāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™” āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļ Technical University of Denmark (DTU) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē “Monolithic Gyroidal Solid Oxide Cell” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ “The Monolith” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļš “gyroid” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ‚āļēāļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ”āļĩāđ€āļĒāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄ āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļšāļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđāļĢāļ‡āļšāļąāļ™āļ”āļēāļĨāđƒāļˆāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ›āļ°āļāļēāļĢāļąāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĩāļāļœāļĩāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­ āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļē 75% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ DTU āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļšāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ”āļāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļ§āļąāļ•āļ•āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ “The Monolith” āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāļĨāļąāļšāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ (electrolysis mode) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” electrolysis āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ”āļĢāđ€āļˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļš āļĨāļ”āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ âœ… āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļˆāļēāļāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§ âžĄïļ DTU āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ “Monolithic Gyroidal Solid Oxide Cell” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ “The Monolith” ➡ïļ āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ gyroid āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ TPMS āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļ âžĄïļ āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ° âžĄïļ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļ§āļąāļ•āļ•āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™ âœ… āļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡ âžĄïļ āļ—āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 100°C āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĨāļąāļšāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ âžĄïļ āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” electrolysis āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ”āļĢāđ€āļˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē ➡ïļ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ gyroid āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļŦāļĨāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™āļāđŠāļēāļ‹āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩ ➡ïļ āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļēāļĄāļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™ âœ… āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ âžĄïļ TPMS āļ–āļđāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ heat exchanger āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļšāļē ➡ïļ āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āđāļšāļš solid oxide (SOC) āļ–āļđāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨ āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­ āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĄāļļāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™ âžĄïļ āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļāđāļ—āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ”āļāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ­āļēāļĒāļļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™ âžĄïļ DTU āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ› https://www.tomshardware.com/3d-printing/researchers-3d-print-lightweight-ceramic-fuel-cell-suggests-alternative-power-source-for-the-aerospace-industry
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  • “āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāđāļ„āđˆ Starlink — āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĨāđˆāļ•āļēāļĄ”

    Starlink āļˆāļēāļ SpaceX āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ‰āļĄāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ§āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļˆāļĢāļ•āđˆāļģ (LEO) āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļīāļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļšāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āđāļšāļšāļŠāļēāļĒ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āđāļĄāđ‰ Starlink āļˆāļ°āđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰

    āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļ™āļēāļĄāļ„āļ·āļ­ Hughesnet āđāļĨāļ° Viasat āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļšāļš geostationary (GEO) āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ„āļāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļĨāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāđāļĨāļāļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļē Starlink āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļąāļ” āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Hughesnet āļĄāļĩ latency āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒ 683 ms āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ”āļēāļ§āļ™āđŒāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒ 47 Mbps āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆ Starlink āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 45 ms āđāļĨāļ° 104 Mbps

    Viasat āļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļąāļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™ Unleashed āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ†āļĐāļ“āļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 150 Mbps āđāļ•āđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 37 Mbps āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 676 ms āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āļ„āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļēāļāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ

    āđāļ•āđˆāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļˆāļąāļšāļ•āļēāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ„āļ·āļ­ Amazon Project Kuiper āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ LEO āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Starlink āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļ§āđˆāļē 3,200 āļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļˆāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 400 Mbps āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ latency āļ•āđˆāļģāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 20–40 ms āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2025 āļāđ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļāļĨāļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Starlink

    āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™
    Starlink āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ LEO āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ•āđˆāļģ āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨ
    Hughesnet āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ GEO — āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆ latency āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ•āđˆāļģ
    Viasat āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ GEO āđāļĨāļ° HEO — āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ†āļĐāļ“āļē
    Amazon Kuiper āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒ LEO āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 400 Mbps

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļšāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ™
    Starlink: latency ~45 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ ~104 Mbps / āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§
    Hughesnet: latency ~683 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ ~47 Mbps / āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™
    Viasat: latency ~676 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ ~37 Mbps / āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļāļąāļ™
    Kuiper: latency ~20–40 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ ~400 Mbps / āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāļĢāļēāļ„āļē

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ
    āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ LEO āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ‚āļĨāļ (~500–1,200 āļāļĄ.) āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļāļ§āđˆāļē GEO (~35,000 āļāļĄ.)
    Hughesnet āđāļĨāļ° Viasat āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļđāļāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Starlink
    Starlink āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļĢāļ§āļ”āļĢāļĩāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļ„āļīāļĨāļˆāļēāļ SpaceX āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡
    Kuiper āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ Wi-Fi āļšāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ™ JetBlue āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2027 — āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļˆāļēāļ°āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡

    https://www.slashgear.com/1965463/best-starlink-alternatives-satellite-internet/
    🛰ïļ “āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāđāļ„āđˆ Starlink — āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĨāđˆāļ•āļēāļĄ” Starlink āļˆāļēāļ SpaceX āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ‰āļĄāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ§āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļˆāļĢāļ•āđˆāļģ (LEO) āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļīāļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļšāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āđāļšāļšāļŠāļēāļĒ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āđāļĄāđ‰ Starlink āļˆāļ°āđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļ™āļēāļĄāļ„āļ·āļ­ Hughesnet āđāļĨāļ° Viasat āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļšāļš geostationary (GEO) āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ„āļāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļĨāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāđāļĨāļāļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļē Starlink āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļąāļ” āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Hughesnet āļĄāļĩ latency āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒ 683 ms āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ”āļēāļ§āļ™āđŒāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒ 47 Mbps āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆ Starlink āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 45 ms āđāļĨāļ° 104 Mbps Viasat āļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļąāļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™ Unleashed āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ†āļĐāļ“āļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 150 Mbps āđāļ•āđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 37 Mbps āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 676 ms āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āļ„āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļēāļāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āđāļ•āđˆāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļˆāļąāļšāļ•āļēāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ„āļ·āļ­ Amazon Project Kuiper āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ LEO āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Starlink āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļ§āđˆāļē 3,200 āļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļˆāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 400 Mbps āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ latency āļ•āđˆāļģāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 20–40 ms āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2025 āļāđ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļāļĨāļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Starlink ✅ āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™ âžĄïļ Starlink āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ LEO āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° latency āļ•āđˆāļģ āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨ ➡ïļ Hughesnet āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ GEO — āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆ latency āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ•āđˆāļģ ➡ïļ Viasat āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ GEO āđāļĨāļ° HEO — āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ†āļĐāļ“āļē ➡ïļ Amazon Kuiper āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒ LEO āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 400 Mbps ✅ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļšāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ™ âžĄïļ Starlink: latency ~45 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ ~104 Mbps / āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ âžĄïļ Hughesnet: latency ~683 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ ~47 Mbps / āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™ âžĄïļ Viasat: latency ~676 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ ~37 Mbps / āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļāļąāļ™ âžĄïļ Kuiper: latency ~20–40 ms / āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ ~400 Mbps / āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāļĢāļēāļ„āļē ✅ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ âžĄïļ āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ LEO āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ‚āļĨāļ (~500–1,200 āļāļĄ.) āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļāļ§āđˆāļē GEO (~35,000 āļāļĄ.) ➡ïļ Hughesnet āđāļĨāļ° Viasat āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļđāļāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Starlink ➡ïļ Starlink āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļĢāļ§āļ”āļĢāļĩāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļ„āļīāļĨāļˆāļēāļ SpaceX āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļđāđˆāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡ âžĄïļ Kuiper āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ Wi-Fi āļšāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ™ JetBlue āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2027 — āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļˆāļēāļ°āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡ https://www.slashgear.com/1965463/best-starlink-alternatives-satellite-internet/
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    These Are The Best (And Only) Starlink Alternative Options Out There - SlashGear
    Starlink dominates satellite internet, but Hughesnet, Viasat, and Amazon’s upcoming Kuiper offer the few real alternatives worth knowing.
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  • Highlight Words In Action : August 2025

    bipartisan
    adjective: representing, characterized by, or including members from two parties or factions

    From the headlines: The Trump administration’s decision to cut funding for the Open Technology Fund (OTF) has raised concerns among lawmakers, who see it as a vital tool against internet censorship in authoritarian regimes. Trump’s executive order effectively terminated the OTF’s budget, prompting bipartisan efforts to save the program. Advocates warn that without OTF-backed tools, many citizens and activists could lose secure communication channels, increasing their risk of surveillance and persecution.

    bounty
    noun: a premium or reward, especially one offered by a government

    From the headlines: The United States has lifted bounties on three senior Taliban figures. The three members of the Haqqani militant network in Afghanistan were allegedly involved in planning deadly attacks during the war with the U.S., some of which killed American citizens. Until this week, the State Department had offered rewards of up to $10 million for the death or capture of the militant leaders. The move follows last week’s release of a U.S. hostage who had been held by the Taliban since 2022.

    breach
    noun: an infraction or violation, such as of a law, contract, trust, or promise

    Jeffrey Goldberg, editor-in-chief of The Atlantic, disclosed that he was inadvertently added to a private Signal group chat used by U.S. national security officials. This unexpected breach exposed sensitive information, including details about military strikes in Yemen. The incident underscored a serious protocol violation, as national security deliberations are typically confined to secure, classified settings rather than informal messaging platforms.

    cartography
    noun: the production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction

    From the headlines: After more than a decade of unraveling the mysteries of the universe, the space telescope Gaia has officially powered down. In its ten years of operation, Gaia meticulously mapped nearly 2 billion stars, 150,000 asteroids, and countless other celestial wonders. This cartography resulted in a precise, three-dimensional map of our solar system, which has transformed our understanding of the Milky Way.

    civil liberty
    noun: the freedom of a citizen to exercise customary rights, as of speech or assembly, without unwarranted or arbitrary interference by the government

    From the headlines: Legal experts say surveillance methods being used by colleges and universities on their students may violate their civil liberties. When investigating vandalism connected to political protests, campus police have been using new tactics, including seizing students’ phones and laptops. They have also issued warrants based on social media posts or participation in campus protests. Civil liberties experts say these actions amount to stifling university students’ right to free speech.

    confiscate
    verb: to seize as forfeited to the public domain; appropriate, by way of penalty, for public use

    From the headlines: A kite was briefly confiscated after it came into contact with a United Airlines plane near Washington, D.C. The aircraft landed safely at Ronald Reagan National Airport following reports of a kite hitting it. Police seized the kite from a family at nearby Gravelly Point park, but returned it later. Despite the fact that kite flying is banned there because the sky overhead is “restricted airspace,” about a dozen people had reportedly been flying kites at the park that day.

    defraud
    verb: to deprive of a right, money, or property by fraud

    From the headlines: Hollywood writer-director Carl Erik Rinsch was arrested for defrauding Netflix of $11 million, meant for his unfinished sci-fi show White Horse. Prosecutors say he spent around $10 million on luxury purchases, including Rolls-Royces, a Ferrari, and antiques. Prosecutors also claim that he used the money to pay legal fees to sue Netflix for additional money. Rinsch has been charged with wire fraud and money laundering, while Netflix has declined to comment.

    embezzlement
    noun: the stealing of money entrusted to one’s care

    From the headlines: French politician Marine Le Pen was convicted of embezzlement and barred from public office for five years. Le Pen, who leads the far-right National Rally party, had planned to run for president in 2027. She was also sentenced to four years in prison for spending $4.3 million in European Parliament funds on her own party expenses.

    Fun fact: Embezzlement is from the Anglo-French enbesiler, “cause to disappear,” and an Old French root meaning “to destroy or gouge.”

    fairway
    noun: Golf. the part of the course where the grass is cut short between the tees and the putting greens

    From the headlines: When golf courses close, research shows the surrounding environment improves. With declining interest in golf, nearby neighborhoods report benefits like less flooding and reduced pesticide runoff. Across the U.S., many former courses have been repurposed as nature reserves, where manicured fairways have been replaced by thriving wildflower meadows.

    forage
    verb: to wander or go in search of provisions

    From the headlines: A new online map shows where 1.6 million edible plants grow in cities around the world. The guide, called Falling Fruit, is meant to help urban dwellers and visitors forage for food. Its open source design means people can add locations, mapping additional fruit trees, berry bushes, beehives, and plants that might otherwise go unnoticed.

    franchise
    noun: Sports. a professional sports team

    From the headlines: A group led by Bill Chisholm has agreed to buy the Boston Celtics for $6.1 billion, making it the most expensive franchise sale in North American sports history. The Celtics, fresh off their 18th NBA title, are facing significant financial challenges under the new collective bargaining agreement, but remain favorites to repeat as champions.

    geriatric
    adjective: noting or relating to aged people or animals

    From the headlines: The New England Aquarium in Boston has introduced a new “retirement home” for geriatric aquarium penguins, relocating six elderly birds to a designated island. While wild penguins typically live about ten years, the new aquarium houses twenty penguins in their twenties and thirties. This specialized haven ensures these aging animals receive monitoring for conditions such as arthritis and cataracts.

    Fun fact: The Greek gērōs, “old,” is the root of geriatric.

    iguana
    noun: a large, arboreal lizard, native to Central and South America, having stout legs and a crest of spines from neck to tail

    From the headlines: A recent study sheds light on how North American iguanas may have reached a remote island in Fiji. Genetic analysis suggests that these large reptiles likely traversed thousands of miles across the Pacific Ocean by drifting on makeshift rafts of fallen trees. If confirmed, this would represent the longest documented oceanic migration by any terrestrial vertebrate, apart from humans.

    inaccessible
    adjective: not accessible; unapproachable

    From the headlines: Researchers investigating why we can’t remember being babies found evidence that those memories still exist in our brains, but are inaccessible. Scientists have long suspected that infants don’t create memories at all. A new study using MRI imaging to observe babies’ brains found that around 12 months old, they do begin storing memories of specific images. Neuroscientists are now focused on learning why these early recollections become locked away and out of reach as we grow older.

    magnitude
    noun: greatness of size or amount

    From the headlines: A devastating 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar, killing over 3,000 people and leaving hundreds missing. The tremors were so intense they reached 600 miles to Bangkok, where skyscrapers swayed. In response, China, India, and Russia sent rescue teams, while countries like Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam offered aid.

    manipulate
    verb: to adapt or change (accounts, figures, etc.) to suit one’s purpose or advantage

    From the headlines: A cheating scandal shook the world of professional ski jumping this week. Several members of Team Norway were suspended after officials found evidence that their ski suits had been manipulated to make the athletes more aerodynamic. The team’s manager admitted to illegally adding an extra seam where the legs are sewn together; more material there was hoped to give the jumpers extra lift and allow air to flow around them more efficiently.

    mush
    verb: to drive or spur on (sled dogs or a sled drawn by dogs)

    From the headlines: Greenland’s annual dog sledding race attracted unusual international attention when the White House said the vice president’s wife, Usha Vance, would attend. Vance canceled her trip after Greenlanders planned to protest her presence at the event. Competitors in the Avannaata Qimussersua, or “Great Race of the North,” mushed their dogs over 26 snowy miles. Henrik Jensen, a musher from northern Greenland, crossed the finish line in first place, pulled by his team of Greenlandic sled dogs.

    ovine
    adjective: pertaining to, of the nature of, or like sheep

    From the headlines: The world’s first known case of bird flu in sheep was diagnosed in Yorkshire, England. After the H5N1 virus was found among birds on a farm, health officials also tested its flock of sheep; only one ovine case was detected. The infected sheep was euthanized to prevent the disease from spreading, and officials said “the risk to livestock remains low.”

    pontiff
    noun: Ecclesiastical. the Roman Catholic pope, the Bishop of Rome

    From the headlines: Following the release of Pope Francis from the hospital on March 23, his lead physician said the pontiff had faced such grave danger that his medical team considered halting treatment. During his hospitalization, the pope endured two critical health crises, prompting intense deliberations over whether aggressive interventions should continue, given the potential risks to his internal organs. Ultimately, the doctors opted to pursue “all available medicines and treatments,” a decision that proved pivotal to his recovery.

    populism
    noun: grass-roots democracy; working-class activism; egalitarianism

    From the headlines: Bernie Sanders is drawing unprecedented crowds on his “Fighting Oligarchy” tour, fueled by a message rooted in economic populism. His rhetoric resonates with disillusioned voters seeking an alternative to both President Trump and the Democratic Party. The independent senator from Vermont frequently denounces what he terms a “government of the billionaires, by the billionaires, and for the billionaires,” while chastising Democrats for failing to adequately champion the interests of the working class.

    prescription
    noun: a direction, usually written, by the physician to the pharmacist for the preparation and use of a medicine or remedy

    From the headlines: A new trend is emerging in healthcare — doctors are now prescribing museum visits. Backed by research showing that time spent in cultural spots can boost mental health and ease loneliness, more physicians are encouraging patients to explore art galleries, theaters, concert halls, and libraries. These cultural outings are said to reduce stress, alleviate mild anxiety and depression, and even improve conditions like high blood pressure. It’s the prescription you didn’t know you needed.

    pristine
    adjective: having its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied

    From the headlines: Many countries are looking to Switzerland as a model, hoping to replicate its transformation of once heavily polluted rivers and lakes into some of the most pristine in Europe. In the 1960s, Swiss waterways were choked with algae and dead fish due to sewage and industrial pollution. However, over the following decades, the country made significant investments in advanced water treatment facilities. Today, nearly all of its lakes and rivers are once again pristine and safe for swimming.

    prolong
    verb: to lengthen out in time; extend the duration of; cause to continue longer

    From the headlines: After their quick trip to the International Space Station turned out to have an unexpectedly long duration, two NASA astronauts have been safely returned to Earth. What began as an eight-day mission for Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams had to be prolonged after their Starliner spacecraft experienced helium leaks and thruster problems. The two ended up staying on the ISS for more than nine months, until two seats were available on a returning space capsule.

    recruit
    verb: to attempt to acquire the services of (a person) for an employer

    From the headlines: As the White House cuts funding for scientific research, European countries are stepping up to recruit top U.S. scientists. Experts in climate change and vaccine safety are now eyeing job offers across the Atlantic, with France and the Netherlands boosting their budgets to hire talent for their universities.

    reinstate
    verb: to put back or establish again, as in a former position or state

    From the headlines: On March 24, a South Korean court reinstated impeached Prime Minister Han Duck-soo. Han was returned to the government and named acting leader once his impeachment was overturned. President Yoon Suk Yeol, who was also removed from office, is still awaiting a verdict. Han and Yoon were both suspended by South Korea’s National Assembly in December.

    repatriation
    noun: the act or process of returning a person or thing to the country of origin

    From the headlines: After several weeks of refusal, Venezuela agreed to accept repatriation flights from the United States, and the first plane carrying Venezuelan migrants back to their home country landed on March 24. About 200 people who had been deported from the U.S. were on the initial flight. Conflicts between the two countries had previously put the returns on hold.

    serenade
    verb: to entertain with or perform with vocal or instrumental music

    From the headlines: After an incredible 70-year career, Johnny Mathis, the legendary crooner with the famously smooth “velvet voice,” has announced his retirement at the age of 89. Known for his romantic ballads, jazz classics, and soft rock hits, Mathis has been serenading audiences since his teenage years. With more albums sold than any pop artist except Frank Sinatra, his voice has been the soundtrack to countless memories.

    tuition
    noun: the charge or fee for instruction, as at a private school or a college or university

    From the headlines: Starting this fall, attending Harvard University will cost nothing for most students. The school announced that tuition will be free for people whose families earn less than $200,000 per year. The average household income in the U.S. is $80,000. Food, housing, health insurance, and travel will also be free for less wealthy students. The University of Pennsylvania and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have adopted the same financial aid policy.

    unredacted
    adjective: (of a document) with confidential or sensitive information included or visible

    From the headlines: The Trump administration released over 2,000 documents on JFK’s assassination, leading to a search for new insights. While the unredacted files do not dispute that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, they reveal long-hidden details about CIA agents and operations. Attorney Larry Schnapf, who has pushed for their release, argues the disclosures highlight excessive government secrecy. He believes the unredacted documents demonstrate how overclassification has been misused by national security officials.

    ÂĐ 2025, Aakkhra, All rights reserved.
    Highlight Words In Action : August 2025 bipartisan adjective: representing, characterized by, or including members from two parties or factions From the headlines: The Trump administration’s decision to cut funding for the Open Technology Fund (OTF) has raised concerns among lawmakers, who see it as a vital tool against internet censorship in authoritarian regimes. Trump’s executive order effectively terminated the OTF’s budget, prompting bipartisan efforts to save the program. Advocates warn that without OTF-backed tools, many citizens and activists could lose secure communication channels, increasing their risk of surveillance and persecution. bounty noun: a premium or reward, especially one offered by a government From the headlines: The United States has lifted bounties on three senior Taliban figures. The three members of the Haqqani militant network in Afghanistan were allegedly involved in planning deadly attacks during the war with the U.S., some of which killed American citizens. Until this week, the State Department had offered rewards of up to $10 million for the death or capture of the militant leaders. The move follows last week’s release of a U.S. hostage who had been held by the Taliban since 2022. breach noun: an infraction or violation, such as of a law, contract, trust, or promise Jeffrey Goldberg, editor-in-chief of The Atlantic, disclosed that he was inadvertently added to a private Signal group chat used by U.S. national security officials. This unexpected breach exposed sensitive information, including details about military strikes in Yemen. The incident underscored a serious protocol violation, as national security deliberations are typically confined to secure, classified settings rather than informal messaging platforms. cartography noun: the production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction From the headlines: After more than a decade of unraveling the mysteries of the universe, the space telescope Gaia has officially powered down. In its ten years of operation, Gaia meticulously mapped nearly 2 billion stars, 150,000 asteroids, and countless other celestial wonders. This cartography resulted in a precise, three-dimensional map of our solar system, which has transformed our understanding of the Milky Way. civil liberty noun: the freedom of a citizen to exercise customary rights, as of speech or assembly, without unwarranted or arbitrary interference by the government From the headlines: Legal experts say surveillance methods being used by colleges and universities on their students may violate their civil liberties. When investigating vandalism connected to political protests, campus police have been using new tactics, including seizing students’ phones and laptops. They have also issued warrants based on social media posts or participation in campus protests. Civil liberties experts say these actions amount to stifling university students’ right to free speech. confiscate verb: to seize as forfeited to the public domain; appropriate, by way of penalty, for public use From the headlines: A kite was briefly confiscated after it came into contact with a United Airlines plane near Washington, D.C. The aircraft landed safely at Ronald Reagan National Airport following reports of a kite hitting it. Police seized the kite from a family at nearby Gravelly Point park, but returned it later. Despite the fact that kite flying is banned there because the sky overhead is “restricted airspace,” about a dozen people had reportedly been flying kites at the park that day. defraud verb: to deprive of a right, money, or property by fraud From the headlines: Hollywood writer-director Carl Erik Rinsch was arrested for defrauding Netflix of $11 million, meant for his unfinished sci-fi show White Horse. Prosecutors say he spent around $10 million on luxury purchases, including Rolls-Royces, a Ferrari, and antiques. Prosecutors also claim that he used the money to pay legal fees to sue Netflix for additional money. Rinsch has been charged with wire fraud and money laundering, while Netflix has declined to comment. embezzlement noun: the stealing of money entrusted to one’s care From the headlines: French politician Marine Le Pen was convicted of embezzlement and barred from public office for five years. Le Pen, who leads the far-right National Rally party, had planned to run for president in 2027. She was also sentenced to four years in prison for spending $4.3 million in European Parliament funds on her own party expenses. Fun fact: Embezzlement is from the Anglo-French enbesiler, “cause to disappear,” and an Old French root meaning “to destroy or gouge.” fairway noun: Golf. the part of the course where the grass is cut short between the tees and the putting greens From the headlines: When golf courses close, research shows the surrounding environment improves. With declining interest in golf, nearby neighborhoods report benefits like less flooding and reduced pesticide runoff. Across the U.S., many former courses have been repurposed as nature reserves, where manicured fairways have been replaced by thriving wildflower meadows. forage verb: to wander or go in search of provisions From the headlines: A new online map shows where 1.6 million edible plants grow in cities around the world. The guide, called Falling Fruit, is meant to help urban dwellers and visitors forage for food. Its open source design means people can add locations, mapping additional fruit trees, berry bushes, beehives, and plants that might otherwise go unnoticed. franchise noun: Sports. a professional sports team From the headlines: A group led by Bill Chisholm has agreed to buy the Boston Celtics for $6.1 billion, making it the most expensive franchise sale in North American sports history. The Celtics, fresh off their 18th NBA title, are facing significant financial challenges under the new collective bargaining agreement, but remain favorites to repeat as champions. geriatric adjective: noting or relating to aged people or animals From the headlines: The New England Aquarium in Boston has introduced a new “retirement home” for geriatric aquarium penguins, relocating six elderly birds to a designated island. While wild penguins typically live about ten years, the new aquarium houses twenty penguins in their twenties and thirties. This specialized haven ensures these aging animals receive monitoring for conditions such as arthritis and cataracts. Fun fact: The Greek gērōs, “old,” is the root of geriatric. iguana noun: a large, arboreal lizard, native to Central and South America, having stout legs and a crest of spines from neck to tail From the headlines: A recent study sheds light on how North American iguanas may have reached a remote island in Fiji. Genetic analysis suggests that these large reptiles likely traversed thousands of miles across the Pacific Ocean by drifting on makeshift rafts of fallen trees. If confirmed, this would represent the longest documented oceanic migration by any terrestrial vertebrate, apart from humans. inaccessible adjective: not accessible; unapproachable From the headlines: Researchers investigating why we can’t remember being babies found evidence that those memories still exist in our brains, but are inaccessible. Scientists have long suspected that infants don’t create memories at all. A new study using MRI imaging to observe babies’ brains found that around 12 months old, they do begin storing memories of specific images. Neuroscientists are now focused on learning why these early recollections become locked away and out of reach as we grow older. magnitude noun: greatness of size or amount From the headlines: A devastating 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar, killing over 3,000 people and leaving hundreds missing. The tremors were so intense they reached 600 miles to Bangkok, where skyscrapers swayed. In response, China, India, and Russia sent rescue teams, while countries like Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam offered aid. manipulate verb: to adapt or change (accounts, figures, etc.) to suit one’s purpose or advantage From the headlines: A cheating scandal shook the world of professional ski jumping this week. Several members of Team Norway were suspended after officials found evidence that their ski suits had been manipulated to make the athletes more aerodynamic. The team’s manager admitted to illegally adding an extra seam where the legs are sewn together; more material there was hoped to give the jumpers extra lift and allow air to flow around them more efficiently. mush verb: to drive or spur on (sled dogs or a sled drawn by dogs) From the headlines: Greenland’s annual dog sledding race attracted unusual international attention when the White House said the vice president’s wife, Usha Vance, would attend. Vance canceled her trip after Greenlanders planned to protest her presence at the event. Competitors in the Avannaata Qimussersua, or “Great Race of the North,” mushed their dogs over 26 snowy miles. Henrik Jensen, a musher from northern Greenland, crossed the finish line in first place, pulled by his team of Greenlandic sled dogs. ovine adjective: pertaining to, of the nature of, or like sheep From the headlines: The world’s first known case of bird flu in sheep was diagnosed in Yorkshire, England. After the H5N1 virus was found among birds on a farm, health officials also tested its flock of sheep; only one ovine case was detected. The infected sheep was euthanized to prevent the disease from spreading, and officials said “the risk to livestock remains low.” pontiff noun: Ecclesiastical. the Roman Catholic pope, the Bishop of Rome From the headlines: Following the release of Pope Francis from the hospital on March 23, his lead physician said the pontiff had faced such grave danger that his medical team considered halting treatment. During his hospitalization, the pope endured two critical health crises, prompting intense deliberations over whether aggressive interventions should continue, given the potential risks to his internal organs. Ultimately, the doctors opted to pursue “all available medicines and treatments,” a decision that proved pivotal to his recovery. populism noun: grass-roots democracy; working-class activism; egalitarianism From the headlines: Bernie Sanders is drawing unprecedented crowds on his “Fighting Oligarchy” tour, fueled by a message rooted in economic populism. His rhetoric resonates with disillusioned voters seeking an alternative to both President Trump and the Democratic Party. The independent senator from Vermont frequently denounces what he terms a “government of the billionaires, by the billionaires, and for the billionaires,” while chastising Democrats for failing to adequately champion the interests of the working class. prescription noun: a direction, usually written, by the physician to the pharmacist for the preparation and use of a medicine or remedy From the headlines: A new trend is emerging in healthcare — doctors are now prescribing museum visits. Backed by research showing that time spent in cultural spots can boost mental health and ease loneliness, more physicians are encouraging patients to explore art galleries, theaters, concert halls, and libraries. These cultural outings are said to reduce stress, alleviate mild anxiety and depression, and even improve conditions like high blood pressure. It’s the prescription you didn’t know you needed. pristine adjective: having its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied From the headlines: Many countries are looking to Switzerland as a model, hoping to replicate its transformation of once heavily polluted rivers and lakes into some of the most pristine in Europe. In the 1960s, Swiss waterways were choked with algae and dead fish due to sewage and industrial pollution. However, over the following decades, the country made significant investments in advanced water treatment facilities. Today, nearly all of its lakes and rivers are once again pristine and safe for swimming. prolong verb: to lengthen out in time; extend the duration of; cause to continue longer From the headlines: After their quick trip to the International Space Station turned out to have an unexpectedly long duration, two NASA astronauts have been safely returned to Earth. What began as an eight-day mission for Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams had to be prolonged after their Starliner spacecraft experienced helium leaks and thruster problems. The two ended up staying on the ISS for more than nine months, until two seats were available on a returning space capsule. recruit verb: to attempt to acquire the services of (a person) for an employer From the headlines: As the White House cuts funding for scientific research, European countries are stepping up to recruit top U.S. scientists. Experts in climate change and vaccine safety are now eyeing job offers across the Atlantic, with France and the Netherlands boosting their budgets to hire talent for their universities. reinstate verb: to put back or establish again, as in a former position or state From the headlines: On March 24, a South Korean court reinstated impeached Prime Minister Han Duck-soo. Han was returned to the government and named acting leader once his impeachment was overturned. President Yoon Suk Yeol, who was also removed from office, is still awaiting a verdict. Han and Yoon were both suspended by South Korea’s National Assembly in December. repatriation noun: the act or process of returning a person or thing to the country of origin From the headlines: After several weeks of refusal, Venezuela agreed to accept repatriation flights from the United States, and the first plane carrying Venezuelan migrants back to their home country landed on March 24. About 200 people who had been deported from the U.S. were on the initial flight. Conflicts between the two countries had previously put the returns on hold. serenade verb: to entertain with or perform with vocal or instrumental music From the headlines: After an incredible 70-year career, Johnny Mathis, the legendary crooner with the famously smooth “velvet voice,” has announced his retirement at the age of 89. Known for his romantic ballads, jazz classics, and soft rock hits, Mathis has been serenading audiences since his teenage years. With more albums sold than any pop artist except Frank Sinatra, his voice has been the soundtrack to countless memories. tuition noun: the charge or fee for instruction, as at a private school or a college or university From the headlines: Starting this fall, attending Harvard University will cost nothing for most students. The school announced that tuition will be free for people whose families earn less than $200,000 per year. The average household income in the U.S. is $80,000. Food, housing, health insurance, and travel will also be free for less wealthy students. The University of Pennsylvania and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have adopted the same financial aid policy. unredacted adjective: (of a document) with confidential or sensitive information included or visible From the headlines: The Trump administration released over 2,000 documents on JFK’s assassination, leading to a search for new insights. While the unredacted files do not dispute that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, they reveal long-hidden details about CIA agents and operations. Attorney Larry Schnapf, who has pushed for their release, argues the disclosures highlight excessive government secrecy. He believes the unredacted documents demonstrate how overclassification has been misused by national security officials. © 2025, Aakkhra, All rights reserved.
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    āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ: X, YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, WhatsApp
    āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ„ CHP āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄ
    āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļ•āļąāļ™āļšāļđāļĨāļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ

    āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™
    Proton VPN āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ 500% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
    āđāļ™āļ°āļ™āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” Stealth āđāļĨāļ° alternative routing āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļšāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ
    āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ”āļēāļ§āļ™āđŒāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āđāļ­āļ›āļœāđˆāļēāļ™ App Store āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ GitHub āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ
    āļ•āļļāļĢāļāļĩāđ€āļ„āļĒāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2023–2024 āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļąāļĒāļžāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļī
    āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ VPN āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 15,000% āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē
    āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‹āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡
    VPN āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Octohide āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ VLESS āđāļĨāļ° REALITY āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļšāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļšāļˆāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļš DPI

    https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-privacy-security/x-whatsapp-youtube-and-other-social-media-platforms-go-dark-in-turkey-and-vpn-usage-spikes
    ðŸ“ĩ “āļ•āļļāļĢāļāļĩāļ›āļīāļ”āđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ! X, YouTube, WhatsApp āļ”āļąāļšāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ”āļķāļ — VPN āļžāļļāđˆāļ‡ 500% āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­ā āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļķāļāļ āļēāļžāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļ•āļąāļ™āļšāļđāļĨ āļ„āļ·āļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļēāļ—āļīāļ•āļĒāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆ 7 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ 2025 āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļˆāļđāđˆāđ† āđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ—āļļāļāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āđƒāļŠāđ‰ — X (Twitter), YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok āđāļĨāļ° WhatsApp — āļŦāļēāļĒāđ„āļ›āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļˆāļ­āđāļšāļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļģāļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļēāļĒ āļ™āļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ•āļļāļĢāļāļĩ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļĢāļ°āļ­āļļ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ„āļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ™ CHP āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļ›āļīāļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļ•āļąāļ™āļšāļđāļĨ āđ‚āļ”āļĒ NetBlocks āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļ­āļŠāđ‰āļē āļĢāļĩāļšāļŦāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļœāđˆāļēāļ™ VPN āđ‚āļ”āļĒ Proton VPN āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļē 500% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļēāļ—āļīāļ•āļĒāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ™āļ°āļ™āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” Stealth āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē alternative routing āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļšāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ āļ™āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĢāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļļāļĢāļāļĩāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāđāļšāļšāļ™āļĩāđ‰ — āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĒāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļœāđˆāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ VPN āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 15,000% āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē āđāļĄāđ‰ VPN āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļžāļĢāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ VPN āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Proton, NordVPN, Surfshark āđāļĨāļ° ExpressVPN āļāđ‡āļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļāļąāļ™ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ”āļēāļ§āļ™āđŒāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āđāļ­āļ›āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ GitHub āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ App Store āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ âœ… āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ•āļļāļĢāļāļĩ ➡ïļ āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ·āļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļēāļ—āļīāļ•āļĒāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆ 7 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ 2025 ➡ïļ āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ: X, YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, WhatsApp ➡ïļ āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ„ CHP āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄ âžĄïļ āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļ•āļąāļ™āļšāļđāļĨāļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ âœ… āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™ âžĄïļ Proton VPN āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ 500% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ âžĄïļ āđāļ™āļ°āļ™āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ” Stealth āđāļĨāļ° alternative routing āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļšāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ âžĄïļ āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ”āļēāļ§āļ™āđŒāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āđāļ­āļ›āļœāđˆāļēāļ™ App Store āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ GitHub āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāļ–āļđāļāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļ âœ… āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ âžĄïļ āļ•āļļāļĢāļāļĩāđ€āļ„āļĒāļšāļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2023–2024 āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļąāļĒāļžāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļī ➡ïļ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ VPN āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 15,000% āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē ➡ïļ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‹āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡ âžĄïļ VPN āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Octohide āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ VLESS āđāļĨāļ° REALITY āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļšāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļšāļˆāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļš DPI https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-privacy-security/x-whatsapp-youtube-and-other-social-media-platforms-go-dark-in-turkey-and-vpn-usage-spikes
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  • āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļˆāļēāļ Corsair āđāļĨāļ° Pavehawk: āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨ AI āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡ HBM āļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›

    āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆ HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ—āļĢāļ™āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļ”āļĨ AI āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— D-Matrix āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›—āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ “AI inference” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĢāļ°āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ

    āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBM āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° supply āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” D-Matrix āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Corsair āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ inference accelerator āđāļšāļš chiplet āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ LPDDR5 āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 256GB āđāļĨāļ° SRAM 2GB āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē 3DIMC (3D Digital In-Memory Compute)

    āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™ Pavehawk āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‹āļīāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ logic die āļˆāļēāļ TSMC N5 āđāļĨāļ° DRAM āđāļšāļš stacked āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āļāļąāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļĨāļ” latency āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ

    D-Matrix āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē Pavehawk āļĄāļĩ bandwidth āđāļĨāļ° energy efficiency āļ•āđˆāļ­ stack āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē HBM4 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ deploy āđƒāļ™ data center āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ inference āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBM āđ„āļ”āđ‰

    āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāđ€āļ—āļĢāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļŦāļąāļ™āļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰ interconnect āđāļšāļš CXL āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄ controller āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļš accelerator āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļ™āļšāđāļ™āđˆāļ™

    āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ D-Matrix āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļš inference accelerator
    Corsair āđƒāļŠāđ‰ LPDDR5 256GB + SRAM 2GB āđāļšāļš chiplet-based
    āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBM āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢ co-package āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory
    āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļš AI inference āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģ

    āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ 3DIMC āđāļĨāļ° Pavehawk
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰ logic die āļˆāļēāļ TSMC N5 āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļš DRAM āđāļšāļš stacked āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™
    āļĨāļ” latency āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ
    āđƒāļŦāđ‰ bandwidth āđāļĨāļ° energy efficiency āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē HBM4 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē

    āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ AI
    Inference āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ workload āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ (āļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ™ 85% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ 2–3 āļ›āļĩ)
    HBM āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° supply āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ
    āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ CXL-based accelerator

    āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ” stacked DRAM + logic
    āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļļāđāļĨāļ° bandwidth āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBM
    āļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš data center
    āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ deploy inference āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ scale āđāļšāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļĒāļąāļ”

    https://www.techradar.com/pro/security/after-sandisk-d-matrix-is-proposing-an-intriguing-alternative-to-the-big-hbm-ai-puzzle-with-10x-better-performance-with-10x-better-energy-efficiency
    🎙ïļ āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļˆāļēāļ Corsair āđāļĨāļ° Pavehawk: āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨ AI āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡ HBM āļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ› āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆ HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ—āļĢāļ™āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļ”āļĨ AI āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— D-Matrix āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›—āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ “AI inference” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĢāļ°āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBM āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° supply āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” D-Matrix āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Corsair āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ inference accelerator āđāļšāļš chiplet āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ LPDDR5 āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 256GB āđāļĨāļ° SRAM 2GB āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē 3DIMC (3D Digital In-Memory Compute) āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™ Pavehawk āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‹āļīāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ logic die āļˆāļēāļ TSMC N5 āđāļĨāļ° DRAM āđāļšāļš stacked āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āļāļąāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļĨāļ” latency āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ D-Matrix āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē Pavehawk āļĄāļĩ bandwidth āđāļĨāļ° energy efficiency āļ•āđˆāļ­ stack āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē HBM4 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ deploy āđƒāļ™ data center āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ inference āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBM āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāđ€āļ—āļĢāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļŦāļąāļ™āļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰ interconnect āđāļšāļš CXL āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄ controller āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļš accelerator āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļ™āļšāđāļ™āđˆāļ™ âœ… āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ D-Matrix āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļš inference accelerator ➡ïļ Corsair āđƒāļŠāđ‰ LPDDR5 256GB + SRAM 2GB āđāļšāļš chiplet-based ➡ïļ āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBM āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢ co-package āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory ➡ïļ āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļš AI inference āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģ ✅ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ 3DIMC āđāļĨāļ° Pavehawk ➡ïļ āđƒāļŠāđ‰ logic die āļˆāļēāļ TSMC N5 āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļš DRAM āđāļšāļš stacked āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™ âžĄïļ āļĨāļ” latency āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ ➡ïļ āđƒāļŦāđ‰ bandwidth āđāļĨāļ° energy efficiency āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē HBM4 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē ✅ āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ AI ➡ïļ Inference āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ workload āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ (āļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ™ 85% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ 2–3 āļ›āļĩ) ➡ïļ HBM āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ° supply āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ âžĄïļ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄ compute āđāļĨāļ° memory āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ CXL-based accelerator ✅ āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ” stacked DRAM + logic ➡ïļ āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļļāđāļĨāļ° bandwidth āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBM ➡ïļ āļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš data center ➡ïļ āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ deploy inference āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ scale āđāļšāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļĒāļąāļ” https://www.techradar.com/pro/security/after-sandisk-d-matrix-is-proposing-an-intriguing-alternative-to-the-big-hbm-ai-puzzle-with-10x-better-performance-with-10x-better-energy-efficiency
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    #newsingle #newsongs #Sherryduck #shawsherryduck #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāđŠāļ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļīāļ™āļ™āļąāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāļĒāļļāļ„90 #indieArtist #āļ­āļīāļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ•āļĢāđ† #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāļžāļīāļŠāļīāļ•​ #Alternative #āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļ—āļĩāļŸ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļ°āļ”āļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļāļ§āļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī #āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ #DongplengRecord #āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ• #tvphuket #morganrockneverdie
    Sherry Duck Special #1 Single : āļ āļēāļžāļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™ https://youtu.be/POeN6oh0Gdg Artist : Mr. Morgan And Shaw Sherry Duck Lyric & Melody : Shaw Sherry Duck Arrange & Musician : Mr. Morgan Saxophone : Mr. Dan Vocal & Chorus : Shaw Mixed : Mr. Morgan Mastering : Shaw Sherry Duck Producer : āđ€āļŪāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒ & āļ­.āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļāļ™ Edit Video : āļĢāļ§āļĒ āļˆāļąāļ‡ āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒ Actor : āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ§āļĒāđāļ­āļ™ / āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āļĢāļđāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ„āđ€āļāļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ‚āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļšāļ„āļļāļ“ : āļ­.āđāļ”āļ™ / āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ Room Shaker / āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ§āļĒāđāļ­āļ™ āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ (Dongpleng Record) āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ• - TV PHUKET #āļ āļēāļžāļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™ #newsingle #newsongs #Sherryduck #shawsherryduck #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāđŠāļ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļīāļ™āļ™āļąāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāļĒāļļāļ„90 #indieArtist #āļ­āļīāļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ•āļĢāđ† #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāļžāļīāļŠāļīāļ•​ #Alternative #āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļ—āļĩāļŸ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļ°āļ”āļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļāļ§āļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī #āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ #DongplengRecord #āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ• #tvphuket #morganrockneverdie
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  • Sherry Duck Special #1
    NEW SINGLE !! 28 āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2568
    YouTube : @shawsherryduck
    Artist : Mr. Morgan And Shaw Sherry Duck
    Lyric & Melody : Shaw Sherry Duck
    Arrange & Musician : Mr. Morgan
    Vocal & Chorus : Shaw
    Mixed : Mr. Morgan
    Mastering : Shaw Sherry Duck
    Producer : āđ€āļŪāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒ & āļ­.āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļāļ™

    #newsingle #newsongs #Sherryduck #shawsherryduck #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāđŠāļ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļīāļ™āļ™āļąāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāļĒāļļāļ„90 #indieArtist #āļ­āļīāļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ•āļĢāđ† #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāļžāļīāļŠāļīāļ•​ #Alternative #āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļ—āļĩāļŸ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļ°āļ”āļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļāļ§āļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī #āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ #DongplengRecord #āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ• #tvphuket #morganrockneverdie
    Sherry Duck Special #1 NEW SINGLE !! 28 āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2568 YouTube : @shawsherryduck Artist : Mr. Morgan And Shaw Sherry Duck Lyric & Melody : Shaw Sherry Duck Arrange & Musician : Mr. Morgan Vocal & Chorus : Shaw Mixed : Mr. Morgan Mastering : Shaw Sherry Duck Producer : āđ€āļŪāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒ & āļ­.āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļāļ™ #newsingle #newsongs #Sherryduck #shawsherryduck #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāđŠāļ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļīāļ™āļ™āļąāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāļĒāļļāļ„90 #indieArtist #āļ­āļīāļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ•āļĢāđ† #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāļžāļīāļŠāļīāļ•​ #Alternative #āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļ—āļĩāļŸ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļ°āļ”āļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļāļ§āļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī #āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ #DongplengRecord #āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ• #tvphuket #morganrockneverdie
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  • Mythic Words From Mythologies Around The World

    It’s in human nature to tell stories and in many ways, our stories—our mythologies—work their way into every aspect of our daily lives, from meme culture to the language we speak. You may be familiar with some of the words derived from the names of Greek and Roman gods and characters (herculean, echo, narcissist, to name a few). But some of the words with similar origins are more obscure and may surprise you, and still others are drawn from completely different cultural lineages! Many of our modern words are inspired not only by Greco-Roman mythos but also by West African, Indigenous, Far East Asian, and Nordic folktales, gods, heroes, and legends.

    Here’s a closer look at some of our everyday words and the many diverse mythologies that have contributed to their use and interpretation today.

    California

    While many of us might view the Golden State as the land of sunshine, mild winters, and plenty, this idyllic image of California is first glimpsed in Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo’s novel Las Sergas de Esplandián (“The Adventures of Esplandián”) from the 1500s. At a time when Spanish invasion and exploration of the Americas was at its peak, Las Sergas de Esplandián describes a fictional island ruled by Queen Calafia of the Indies, hence the name “California.” It’s possible Rodríguez de Montalvo derived California from the Arabic khalif or khalifa (a spiritual leader of Islam), or the term Califerne from the 11th-century epic French poem The Song of Roland. When the Spanish first encountered the Baja California peninsula, it was initially believed to be an island and so was dubbed for the fictional island in Rodríguez de Montalvo’s novel. Eventually, this name would apply to the region that we now know as California in the US and Baja California in Mexico today.

    chimeric

    Chimeric is an adjective used to describe something “imaginary, fanciful” or in the context of biology, chimeric describes an organism “having parts of different origins.” The word chimeric is derived from the name of an ancient Greek monster, the chimera. Typically depicted as a having both a goat and lion head sprouting from its back and a serpent as a tail, the chimera was a terrifying and formidable opponent.

    hell

    While this word may call to mind Christianity and the realm of demons and condemned souls, hell is also associated with another concept of the underworld. According to Norse mythology, the prominent god Odin appointed the goddess and daughter of Loki, Hel, to preside over the realm of the dead. Hel’s name subsequently became associated as the word for the underworld itself. The word hell entered Old English sometime before the year 900 CE.

    hurricane

    When a windstorm whips up torrential rains, it can definitely seem like a god’s fury has been called down. This might explain why hurricane is derived from a Taíno storm god, Hurakán. The Taíno were an Indigenous tribe of the Caribbean, so it certainly makes sense that their deities would hold the name now associated with major tropical storms. Working its way from Spanish into English, hurricane was likely first recorded in English around the mid-1500s.

    Nike

    Typically depicted with wings, Nike was the Greek goddess of victory. Her influence was not limited to athletics, and she could oversee any field from art to music to war. Nike is said to have earned this title as one of the first deities to offer her allegiance to Zeus during the Titanomachy, the great battle between the Titans and gods for Mount Olympus. Of course, with a winning streak like that, it’s no wonder a popular sports apparel company would name itself after her.

    plutocracy

    Plutocracy means “the rule or power of wealth” or “of the wealthy, particularly a government or state in which the wealthy class rules.” The pluto in plutocracy comes from the Roman god of wealth, Pluto. Often known best by his Greek name, Hades, Pluto also presided over the underworld. Where does the wealth factor in? Precious metals and gems are typically found underground. The word plutocracy was recorded in the English language around 1645–1655.

    protean

    The adjective protean [ proh-tee-uhn ] describes how something readily assumes different forms, shapes, or characteristics. Something that is protean is “extremely variable.” This word originates from the name of Proteus, a minor Greek sea god who served under Poseidon. Proteus was prophetic and said to be able to gaze into the past, present, and future. However, he was pretty stingy with his knowledge, so most challengers would have to surprise him and wrestle him—while Proteus continually transformed into different (usually dangerous) shapes, such as a lion or a snake! If the challenger held on throughout the transformations, Proteus would answer their question truthfully before jumping back into the sea.

    quetzalcoatlus

    Quetzalcoatlus is a genus of pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. Its remains were discovered in 1971 in Texas. As a flying dinosaur from the Americas, its name derives from the god Quetzalcóatl, or “the feathered serpent,” in Nahuatl. Often depicted as exactly that (in addition to having incarnations that ranged from axolotls to dogs to corn), Quetzalcóatl was a prominent god of creation and order in the pantheon of the Mexica people. His domain included powerful and sustaining forces such as the sun, the wind, agriculture, wisdom, and writing.

    ragnarok

    Popping up everywhere from video games to blockbuster movies, the word ragnarok [ rahg-nuh-rok ] just sounds cool. It’s typically used as a synonym for the end of the world—and that’s what it originally referred to. In Norse mythology, this apocalyptic moment will occur when three roosters crow and the monster hound, Garmr, breaks free of his cave. A frightening battle among gods ensues along with natural disasters. The Old Norse word RagnarĮŦk that it derives from is a compound of “gods” (ragna) and “fate” (rok).

    Subaru

    Known in most of the English-speaking world as a popular car manufacturer, Subaru is a Japanese word for the Seven Sisters, or Pleiades, constellation. The Subaru logo even features the six stars visible to the naked eye in the constellation. In 2021, astronomers Ray and Barnaby Norris proposed that the constellation referred to as “Seven Sisters” by various ancient peoples (which today looks like six visible stars) once had a seventh visible star whose light has been swallowed up by the light of another.

    Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday

    If we want an example of mythology rooted in our day-to-day, we needn’t look any further than the days of the week. Initially, Romans named their days of the week after the planets, which included the sun and the moon (Sunday and Monday). As the Roman Empire expanded to include Germanic-speaking peoples, the names of the weekdays were adapted to reflect the names of gods familiar to the local populations.

    Today, five out of seven days of the week are linked to the names of mythological gods, four of which are Old Germanic/Norse in origin. Tuesday is rooted in the name of the Norse god of war and justice, Tyr. Wednesday descends from Woden (alternatively, Odin), a widely revered Germanic-Norse god who presided over healing, wisdom, death, war, poetry, and sorcery. Thursday is derived from the thunder god Thor. Finally, Friday owes its name to Frigg, the goddess of marriage, prophecy, clairvoyance, and motherhood. The outlier of the weekday group is Saturday, which traces its name back to Saturn, the Roman god of time, wealth, and renewal.

    While scholars are uncertain as to when the Germanic-Norse adaptations of the days of the week were introduced, it is estimated to have occurred between 200-500 CE to predate the spread of Christianity and the final collapse of the Roman Empire.

    weird

    While weird today generally means “bizarre” or “unusual,” its older use has been to refer to something that is “uncanny” or relating to the supernatural. This links into the original definition of weird, or then wyrd, as being able to control fate or destiny. The Old English derivation of the Germanic word was first recorded before 900 CE as wyrd; then in Middle English as the phrase werde sisters, which referred to the Fates. According to Greek mythology, the three goddesses known as the Fates control the destinies of the lives of man. In the early 1600s, Shakespeare’s Macbeth, used werde sisters to refer to these witches in the play.

    ÂĐ 2025, Aakkhra, All rights reserved.
    Mythic Words From Mythologies Around The World It’s in human nature to tell stories and in many ways, our stories—our mythologies—work their way into every aspect of our daily lives, from meme culture to the language we speak. You may be familiar with some of the words derived from the names of Greek and Roman gods and characters (herculean, echo, narcissist, to name a few). But some of the words with similar origins are more obscure and may surprise you, and still others are drawn from completely different cultural lineages! Many of our modern words are inspired not only by Greco-Roman mythos but also by West African, Indigenous, Far East Asian, and Nordic folktales, gods, heroes, and legends. Here’s a closer look at some of our everyday words and the many diverse mythologies that have contributed to their use and interpretation today. California While many of us might view the Golden State as the land of sunshine, mild winters, and plenty, this idyllic image of California is first glimpsed in Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo’s novel Las Sergas de Esplandián (“The Adventures of Esplandián”) from the 1500s. At a time when Spanish invasion and exploration of the Americas was at its peak, Las Sergas de Esplandián describes a fictional island ruled by Queen Calafia of the Indies, hence the name “California.” It’s possible Rodríguez de Montalvo derived California from the Arabic khalif or khalifa (a spiritual leader of Islam), or the term Califerne from the 11th-century epic French poem The Song of Roland. When the Spanish first encountered the Baja California peninsula, it was initially believed to be an island and so was dubbed for the fictional island in Rodríguez de Montalvo’s novel. Eventually, this name would apply to the region that we now know as California in the US and Baja California in Mexico today. chimeric Chimeric is an adjective used to describe something “imaginary, fanciful” or in the context of biology, chimeric describes an organism “having parts of different origins.” The word chimeric is derived from the name of an ancient Greek monster, the chimera. Typically depicted as a having both a goat and lion head sprouting from its back and a serpent as a tail, the chimera was a terrifying and formidable opponent. hell While this word may call to mind Christianity and the realm of demons and condemned souls, hell is also associated with another concept of the underworld. According to Norse mythology, the prominent god Odin appointed the goddess and daughter of Loki, Hel, to preside over the realm of the dead. Hel’s name subsequently became associated as the word for the underworld itself. The word hell entered Old English sometime before the year 900 CE. hurricane When a windstorm whips up torrential rains, it can definitely seem like a god’s fury has been called down. This might explain why hurricane is derived from a Taíno storm god, Hurakán. The Taíno were an Indigenous tribe of the Caribbean, so it certainly makes sense that their deities would hold the name now associated with major tropical storms. Working its way from Spanish into English, hurricane was likely first recorded in English around the mid-1500s. Nike Typically depicted with wings, Nike was the Greek goddess of victory. Her influence was not limited to athletics, and she could oversee any field from art to music to war. Nike is said to have earned this title as one of the first deities to offer her allegiance to Zeus during the Titanomachy, the great battle between the Titans and gods for Mount Olympus. Of course, with a winning streak like that, it’s no wonder a popular sports apparel company would name itself after her. plutocracy Plutocracy means “the rule or power of wealth” or “of the wealthy, particularly a government or state in which the wealthy class rules.” The pluto in plutocracy comes from the Roman god of wealth, Pluto. Often known best by his Greek name, Hades, Pluto also presided over the underworld. Where does the wealth factor in? Precious metals and gems are typically found underground. The word plutocracy was recorded in the English language around 1645–1655. protean The adjective protean [ proh-tee-uhn ] describes how something readily assumes different forms, shapes, or characteristics. Something that is protean is “extremely variable.” This word originates from the name of Proteus, a minor Greek sea god who served under Poseidon. Proteus was prophetic and said to be able to gaze into the past, present, and future. However, he was pretty stingy with his knowledge, so most challengers would have to surprise him and wrestle him—while Proteus continually transformed into different (usually dangerous) shapes, such as a lion or a snake! If the challenger held on throughout the transformations, Proteus would answer their question truthfully before jumping back into the sea. quetzalcoatlus Quetzalcoatlus is a genus of pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. Its remains were discovered in 1971 in Texas. As a flying dinosaur from the Americas, its name derives from the god Quetzalcóatl, or “the feathered serpent,” in Nahuatl. Often depicted as exactly that (in addition to having incarnations that ranged from axolotls to dogs to corn), Quetzalcóatl was a prominent god of creation and order in the pantheon of the Mexica people. His domain included powerful and sustaining forces such as the sun, the wind, agriculture, wisdom, and writing. ragnarok Popping up everywhere from video games to blockbuster movies, the word ragnarok [ rahg-nuh-rok ] just sounds cool. It’s typically used as a synonym for the end of the world—and that’s what it originally referred to. In Norse mythology, this apocalyptic moment will occur when three roosters crow and the monster hound, Garmr, breaks free of his cave. A frightening battle among gods ensues along with natural disasters. The Old Norse word RagnarĮŦk that it derives from is a compound of “gods” (ragna) and “fate” (rok). Subaru Known in most of the English-speaking world as a popular car manufacturer, Subaru is a Japanese word for the Seven Sisters, or Pleiades, constellation. The Subaru logo even features the six stars visible to the naked eye in the constellation. In 2021, astronomers Ray and Barnaby Norris proposed that the constellation referred to as “Seven Sisters” by various ancient peoples (which today looks like six visible stars) once had a seventh visible star whose light has been swallowed up by the light of another. Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday If we want an example of mythology rooted in our day-to-day, we needn’t look any further than the days of the week. Initially, Romans named their days of the week after the planets, which included the sun and the moon (Sunday and Monday). As the Roman Empire expanded to include Germanic-speaking peoples, the names of the weekdays were adapted to reflect the names of gods familiar to the local populations. Today, five out of seven days of the week are linked to the names of mythological gods, four of which are Old Germanic/Norse in origin. Tuesday is rooted in the name of the Norse god of war and justice, Tyr. Wednesday descends from Woden (alternatively, Odin), a widely revered Germanic-Norse god who presided over healing, wisdom, death, war, poetry, and sorcery. Thursday is derived from the thunder god Thor. Finally, Friday owes its name to Frigg, the goddess of marriage, prophecy, clairvoyance, and motherhood. The outlier of the weekday group is Saturday, which traces its name back to Saturn, the Roman god of time, wealth, and renewal. While scholars are uncertain as to when the Germanic-Norse adaptations of the days of the week were introduced, it is estimated to have occurred between 200-500 CE to predate the spread of Christianity and the final collapse of the Roman Empire. weird While weird today generally means “bizarre” or “unusual,” its older use has been to refer to something that is “uncanny” or relating to the supernatural. This links into the original definition of weird, or then wyrd, as being able to control fate or destiny. The Old English derivation of the Germanic word was first recorded before 900 CE as wyrd; then in Middle English as the phrase werde sisters, which referred to the Fates. According to Greek mythology, the three goddesses known as the Fates control the destinies of the lives of man. In the early 1600s, Shakespeare’s Macbeth, used werde sisters to refer to these witches in the play. © 2025, Aakkhra, All rights reserved.
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  • āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ: āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›

    āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļšāļ•āļēāđ€āļĨāļĒ āļ™āļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļ Occidental College āđāļĨāļ° UC Irvine āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē “Electromechanical Reshaping” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ EMR

    EMR āļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™ āđ† āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ™āļŠāđŒāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģāđ€āļĨāļ™āļŠāđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āļšāļ™āļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļąāļšāļ™āđ‰āļģāļ•āļē āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ›āļĨāđˆāļ­āļĒāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ„āļ› āļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē pH āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē āļ„āđˆāļē pH āļāļĨāļąāļšāļŠāļđāđˆāļ›āļāļ•āļī āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāđ‡āļˆāļ° “āļĨāđ‡āļ­ā āļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđ„āļ§āđ‰

    āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš LASIK āđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ”āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđāļžāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļœāļĨāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ” āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ•āļēāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­

    āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āđˆāļēāļĒ 12 āļĨāļđāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒ 10 āļĨāļđāļāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™ āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ•āļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāļ‚āļļāđˆāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĨāļđāļāļ–āđˆāļēāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™

    āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒ āđāļ•āđˆ EMR āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđāļšāļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđ„āļ›āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđƒāļ™āļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§
    āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ Electromechanical Reshaping (EMR) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđāļāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒ
    EMR āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ™āļŠāđŒāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļē
    āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ„āđˆāļē pH āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰
    āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āđˆāļēāļĒ 12 āļĨāļđāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒ 10 āļĨāļđāļāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™
    āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ
    āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ•āļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāļ‚āļļāđˆāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰
    āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 1 āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš LASIK āđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđāļžāļ‡
    āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Michael Hill āđāļĨāļ° Brian Wong
    āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ American Chemical Society āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2025

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ
    LASIK āļĄāļĩāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļđāļ‡ āđāļ•āđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ•āļēāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­
    EMR āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ”āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļˆāļķāļ‡āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ•āļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ
    āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Orthokeratology āđāļĨāļ° Conductive Keratoplasty āļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™
    EMR āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•
    āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē pH āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļĩāļ§āđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩ
    āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āđāļĢāļāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļ FDA

    https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-alternative-lasik-lasers.html
    👓 āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ: āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ› āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļšāļ•āļēāđ€āļĨāļĒ āļ™āļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļ Occidental College āđāļĨāļ° UC Irvine āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē “Electromechanical Reshaping” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ EMR EMR āļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™ āđ† āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ™āļŠāđŒāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģāđ€āļĨāļ™āļŠāđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āļšāļ™āļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļąāļšāļ™āđ‰āļģāļ•āļē āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ›āļĨāđˆāļ­āļĒāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ„āļ› āļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē pH āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē āļ„āđˆāļē pH āļāļĨāļąāļšāļŠāļđāđˆāļ›āļāļ•āļī āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāđ‡āļˆāļ° “āļĨāđ‡āļ­ā āļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš LASIK āđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ”āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđāļžāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļœāļĨāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ” āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ•āļēāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­ āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āđˆāļēāļĒ 12 āļĨāļđāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒ 10 āļĨāļđāļāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™ āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ•āļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāļ‚āļļāđˆāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĨāļđāļāļ–āđˆāļēāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒ āđāļ•āđˆ EMR āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđāļšāļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđ„āļ›āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡ âœ… āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđƒāļ™āļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§ âžĄïļ āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ Electromechanical Reshaping (EMR) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđāļāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒ ➡ïļ EMR āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ™āļŠāđŒāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļē ➡ïļ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ„āđˆāļē pH āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ ➡ïļ āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ”āļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āđˆāļēāļĒ 12 āļĨāļđāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒ 10 āļĨāļđāļāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™ âžĄïļ āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ âžĄïļ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ•āļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļāļ•āļēāļ‚āļļāđˆāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰ ➡ïļ āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 1 āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš LASIK āđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđāļžāļ‡ âžĄïļ āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Michael Hill āđāļĨāļ° Brian Wong ➡ïļ āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ American Chemical Society āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2025 ✅ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ âžĄïļ LASIK āļĄāļĩāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļđāļ‡ āđāļ•āđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ•āļēāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­ âžĄïļ EMR āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ”āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļˆāļķāļ‡āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ•āļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ âžĄïļ āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Orthokeratology āđāļĨāļ° Conductive Keratoplasty āļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™ âžĄïļ EMR āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• âžĄïļ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļē pH āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļĩāļ§āđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩ ➡ïļ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āđāļĢāļāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļ FDA https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-alternative-lasik-lasers.html
    MEDICALXPRESS.COM
    An alternative to LASIK—without the lasers
    Millions of Americans have altered vision, ranging from blurriness to blindness. But not everyone wants to wear prescription glasses or contact lenses. Accordingly, hundreds of thousands of people undergo corrective eye surgery each year, including LASIK—a laser-assisted surgery that reshapes the cornea and corrects vision.
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    āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ§āļīāļ”āļ˜āđŒāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™

    NAND flash āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđāļšāļš non-volatile
    āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš AI

    HBF āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļĨ “Most Innovative Technology” āļˆāļēāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ FMS 2025
    āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ BiCS NAND āđāļĨāļ° CBA wafer bonding

    āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡ HBF āļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩ 2026
    āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ AI āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđāļĢāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBF āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ›āļĩ 2027

    āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ Technical Advisory Board āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBF
    āļĢāļ§āļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļˆāļēāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļ­āļ Sandisk āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ

    https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/sandisk-and-sk-hynix-join-forces-to-standardize-high-bandwidth-flash-memory-a-nand-based-alternative-to-hbm-for-ai-gpus-move-could-enable-8-16x-higher-capacity-compared-to-dram
    ⚙ïļðŸ§  āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļĨāļāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģ: Sandisk āđāļĨāļ° SK hynix āļˆāļąāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš AI āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ High Bandwidth Flash āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2025 Sandisk āđāļĨāļ° SK hynix āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē “High Bandwidth Flash” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ HBF āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģ NAND flash āļĄāļēāļœāļŠāļēāļ™āļāļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļļāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 8–16 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ DRAM āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ§āļīāļ”āļ˜āđŒāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™ āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ HBM āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ DRAM āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ HBF āđƒāļŠāđ‰ NAND flash āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™ AI inference āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļĒāļąāļ”āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™ edge computing āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ data center āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļĨ “Most Innovative Technology” āļˆāļēāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ Flash Memory Summit 2025 āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩ 2026 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ AI āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđāļĢāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBF āđƒāļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ›āļĩ 2027 ✅ Sandisk āđāļĨāļ° SK hynix āļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄ MOU āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™ High Bandwidth Flash (HBF) ➡ïļ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄ NAND flash āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBM āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ ✅ HBF āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļļāļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē DRAM-based HBM āļ–āļķāļ‡ 8–16 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē ➡ïļ āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ§āļīāļ”āļ˜āđŒāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™ âœ… NAND flash āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđāļšāļš non-volatile ➡ïļ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš AI ✅ HBF āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļĨ “Most Innovative Technology” āļˆāļēāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ FMS 2025 ➡ïļ āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ BiCS NAND āđāļĨāļ° CBA wafer bonding ✅ āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡ HBF āļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩ 2026 ➡ïļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ AI āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđāļĢāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ HBF āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ›āļĩ 2027 ✅ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ Technical Advisory Board āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HBF ➡ïļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļˆāļēāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļ­āļ Sandisk āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/sandisk-and-sk-hynix-join-forces-to-standardize-high-bandwidth-flash-memory-a-nand-based-alternative-to-hbm-for-ai-gpus-move-could-enable-8-16x-higher-capacity-compared-to-dram
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  • āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļĨāļāđ‚āļ­āđ€āļžāđˆāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠ: Plasma Bigscreen āļ„āļ·āļ™āļŠāļĩāļžāļŠāļđāđˆāļˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩ

    āļˆāļģāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ€āļˆāļāļ•āđŒ Plasma Bigscreen āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ„āļŦāļĄ? āļĄāļąāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ KDE āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāđāļšāļšāđ‚āļ­āđ€āļžāđˆāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Plasma shell āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ„āļĒāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ Mycroft āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ„āļ›āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§

    āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ–āļđāļāļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļđāđˆ Plasma 6 āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđƒāļ„āļĢāļžāļ­āļĢāđŒāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ” Devin āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Plasma Mobile āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ›āļĨāļļāļāļŠāļĩāļžāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ€āļˆāļāļ•āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒ! āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ”āđ€āļāđˆāļē āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļš UI āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļ Breeze mockups

    āļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļē āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ:
    - āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđ‚āļŪāļĄāđāļšāļšāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļœāļ‡
    - āđ€āļ­āļŸāđ€āļŸāļāļ•āđŒāđ€āļšāļĨāļ­āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ™āļđ
    - āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļēāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™ KRunner
    - Settings āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļ‡āđāļ–āļš āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ sidebar
    - āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨ Wi-Fi āđāļĨāļ° KDE Connect āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚
    - āđāļ­āļ™āļīāđ€āļĄāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđāļ­āļ›āđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Plasma Mobile

    āđāļĄāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļĩāļĒāđŒāļšāļ­āļĢāđŒāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĨāļđāļāļĻāļĢāļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ Mycroft āļŦāļēāļĒāđ„āļ› āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ•āļēāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Plasma āļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™ 6.5

    https://www.neowin.net/news/kdes-android-tv-alternative-plasma-bigscreen-rises-from-the-dead-with-a-better-ui/
    🎙ïļ āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļĨāļāđ‚āļ­āđ€āļžāđˆāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠ: Plasma Bigscreen āļ„āļ·āļ™āļŠāļĩāļžāļŠāļđāđˆāļˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩ 📚 āļˆāļģāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ€āļˆāļāļ•āđŒ Plasma Bigscreen āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ„āļŦāļĄ? āļĄāļąāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ KDE āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāļ§āļĩāđāļšāļšāđ‚āļ­āđ€āļžāđˆāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Plasma shell āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ„āļĒāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ Mycroft āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ„āļ›āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ–āļđāļāļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļđāđˆ Plasma 6 āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđƒāļ„āļĢāļžāļ­āļĢāđŒāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ” Devin āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Plasma Mobile āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ›āļĨāļļāļāļŠāļĩāļžāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ€āļˆāļāļ•āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒ! āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ”āđ€āļāđˆāļē āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļš UI āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļ Breeze mockups āļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļē āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ: - āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđ‚āļŪāļĄāđāļšāļšāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļœāļ‡ - āđ€āļ­āļŸāđ€āļŸāļāļ•āđŒāđ€āļšāļĨāļ­āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ™āļđ - āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļŦāļēāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™ KRunner - Settings āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļ‡āđāļ–āļš āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ sidebar - āđ‚āļĄāļ”āļđāļĨ Wi-Fi āđāļĨāļ° KDE Connect āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚ - āđāļ­āļ™āļīāđ€āļĄāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđāļ­āļ›āđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Plasma Mobile āđāļĄāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļĩāļĒāđŒāļšāļ­āļĢāđŒāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĨāļđāļāļĻāļĢāļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ Mycroft āļŦāļēāļĒāđ„āļ› āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ•āļēāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Plasma āļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™ 6.5 https://www.neowin.net/news/kdes-android-tv-alternative-plasma-bigscreen-rises-from-the-dead-with-a-better-ui/
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    KDE's Android TV alternative, Plasma Bigscreen, rises from the dead with a better UI
    Another KDE project, Plasma Bigscreen, is back from the dead with a much better UI spread across the entire shell.
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    āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ° GPU āļ„āļ·āļ­āļĄāļĩ 20 Xe-core + 160 XMX engine (āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļĢāđˆāļ‡ AI) → āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨ AI āđāļšāļš INT8 āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” 394 TOPS → āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš ray tracing āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļŦāļąāļŠ AV1 āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Xe media engine

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    āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļžāļēāļŠāļ‹āļĩāļŸāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē Sparkle āļˆāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ server/data center āļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™ → āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āļĢāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒ Pro āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ§āļīāļĢāđŒāļāļŠāđ€āļ•āļŠāļąāļ™ → āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš consumer driver āđ€āļœāļ·āđˆāļ­āļšāļēāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļšāļēāļĨāļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™ mini-AI desktop

    Sparkle āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§ Arc Pro B60 Series āđāļšāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ­āļēāļŠāļĩāļž 3 āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™:  
    • Blower 24GB  • Passive cooling 24GB (āđ€āļ‡āļĩāļĒāļšāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļš rack/server)  
    • Dual-GPU 48GB āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļ°āļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđāļšāļš blower

    āļ—āļļāļāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ Intel Battlemage āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ 20 Xe-core + 160 XMX engine āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ›  
    • INT8 AI throughput āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 394 TOPS (āļĢāļ§āļĄ 2 GPU)  
    • āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš ray tracing + AV1 encode

    āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ” dual-GPU āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ 300W → āđāļĢāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩ  
    • āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ™ PCIe 5.0 x16 āđāļšāļš 8+8  
    • āđ„āļĄāđˆāđāļŠāļĢāđŒ RAM āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ 2 GPU

    āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš Linux multi-GPU āđāļĨāļ° OneAPI → āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™ HPC, āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒ, AI inferencing āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ

    āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āļ›āļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩ 2025 → āļĄāļēāļ—āļąāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ•āļĨāļēāļ” AI desktop–workstation āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ‚āļ•

    https://www.techradar.com/pro/another-dual-intel-gpu-card-with-48gb-vram-launched-as-arc-pro-emerges-as-cheap-nvidia-and-amd-alternative-for-ai-crowd
    Sparkle āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­āļ•āļĢāļ°āļāļđāļĨ Arc Pro B60 āļŠāļēāļĄāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļĢāļ§āļ” → āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđāļĢāļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļšāļšāļžāļąāļ”āļĨāļĄāđ€āļ›āđˆāļē (blower) āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 24GB → āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļšāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđāļšāļšāļžāļēāļŠāļ‹āļĩāļŸ (āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļžāļąāļ”āļĨāļĄ) āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 24GB āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļš server → āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­ “āđ„āļžāđˆāļ•āļēāļĒ” — āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ” dual-GPU āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 48GB āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļŸāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ MaxSun āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĒāļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ° GPU āļ„āļ·āļ­āļĄāļĩ 20 Xe-core + 160 XMX engine (āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļĢāđˆāļ‡ AI) → āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨ AI āđāļšāļš INT8 āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” 394 TOPS → āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš ray tracing āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļŦāļąāļŠ AV1 āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Xe media engine āļ–āļķāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ”āļđāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āđ€āļāļĄ āđāļ•āđˆ Arc Pro B60 āļ–āļđāļāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĄāļēāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš AI inference, media workstation, āđāļĨāļ° data lab āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° → āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ multi-GPU āđāļšāļš SLI āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ render āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āđ€āļāļĄ → āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļŠāļĢāđŒ PCIe x16 āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļąāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰ 8 āđ€āļĨāļ™āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āđ† āļāļąāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļžāļēāļŠāļ‹āļĩāļŸāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē Sparkle āļˆāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ server/data center āļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™ → āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āļĢāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒ Pro āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ§āļīāļĢāđŒāļāļŠāđ€āļ•āļŠāļąāļ™ → āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš consumer driver āđ€āļœāļ·āđˆāļ­āļšāļēāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļšāļēāļĨāļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™ mini-AI desktop ✅ Sparkle āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§ Arc Pro B60 Series āđāļšāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ­āļēāļŠāļĩāļž 3 āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™:   • Blower 24GB  • Passive cooling 24GB (āđ€āļ‡āļĩāļĒāļšāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļš rack/server)   • Dual-GPU 48GB āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļ°āļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđāļšāļš blower ✅ āļ—āļļāļāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ Intel Battlemage āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄ 20 Xe-core + 160 XMX engine āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ›   • INT8 AI throughput āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 394 TOPS (āļĢāļ§āļĄ 2 GPU)   • āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš ray tracing + AV1 encode ✅ āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ” dual-GPU āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ 300W → āđāļĢāļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩ   • āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ™ PCIe 5.0 x16 āđāļšāļš 8+8   • āđ„āļĄāđˆāđāļŠāļĢāđŒ RAM āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ 2 GPU ✅ āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš Linux multi-GPU āđāļĨāļ° OneAPI → āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™ HPC, āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒ, AI inferencing āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ ✅ āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āļ›āļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩ 2025 → āļĄāļēāļ—āļąāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ•āļĨāļēāļ” AI desktop–workstation āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ‚āļ• https://www.techradar.com/pro/another-dual-intel-gpu-card-with-48gb-vram-launched-as-arc-pro-emerges-as-cheap-nvidia-and-amd-alternative-for-ai-crowd
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    Sparkle confirms three Arc Pro B60 GPUs for professional workloads
    Sparkle offers three B60 models with blower or passive cooling
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    āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļŠāļīāļ› H20 āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļˆāļĩāļ™ Nvidia āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē B30 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļŠāļīāļ› AI āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ Blackwell āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš NVLink āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āļ„āļĨāļąāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļđāļ‡

    B30 āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļĢāļ°āļāļđāļĨ BXX āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļˆāļēāļ RTX Pro 6000D āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ B40 āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ B30 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļˆāļĩāļ™

    āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē B30 āļˆāļ°āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš NVLink āđāļ•āđˆ Nvidia āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļĄ NVLink āđƒāļ™āļŠāļīāļ›āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ­āļēāļˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ ConnectX-8 SuperNICs āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩ PCIe 6.0 switches āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­ GPU āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļēāļāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§
    - Nvidia āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē B30 āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ
    - B30 āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ Blackwell āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš NVLink āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ ConnectX-8 SuperNICs
    - āļŠāļīāļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰ GDDR7 āđāļĨāļ° GB20X silicon āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš RTX 50 GPUs
    - Nvidia āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§ RTX Pro Blackwell servers āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ ConnectX-8 SuperNICs āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­ GPU
    - Jensen Huang āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļē Nvidia āļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Hopper-based alternatives āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›

    āļ„āļģāđ€āļ•āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļē
    - NVLink āļ­āļēāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™ B30 āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļ Nvidia āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŠāļīāļ›āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„
    - āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™ memory bandwidth āđāļĨāļ° interconnect bandwidth āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ› AI āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‹āļđāđ€āļ›āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ
    - AMD āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļšāļ™āļŠāļīāļ› MI308 āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ $800 āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™
    - Jensen Huang āđ€āļ•āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™ āļŦāļēāļāļˆāļĩāļ™āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļāļąāļš Nvidia āđ„āļ”āđ‰

    B30 āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰ Nvidia āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļˆāļĩāļ™āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļĩāļ™āļˆāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļāļąāļš Nvidia āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆ

    https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/nvidia-reportedly-developing-new-ai-chip-for-china-that-meets-export-controls-b30-could-include-nvlink-for-creation-of-high-performance-clusters
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    https://wccftech.com/amd-claims-tsmc-2nm-process-is-superior-to-all-alternatives-out-there/
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    WCCFTECH.COM
    AMD Claims TSMC's 2nm Process Is Superior To All Alternatives Out There; Reveals Possibility of Adopting Samsung As Well
    AMD is one of the first customers of TSMC's 2nm, and the firm declared the Taiwan giant the winner in the 2nm race.
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    āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļĄāđ‰
    - āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļš Intectural āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļˆāļģāļŦāļ™āđˆāļēāļĒāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļāđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­

    āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ
    - āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ

    Superwood āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒ
    - āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļĄāļēāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆ

    https://www.techspot.com/news/107948-superwood-aims-replace-steel-concrete-sustainable-alternative.html
    Superwood: āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāđ‡āļāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ­āļ™āļāļĢāļĩāļ• InventWood āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŠāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āļ­āļąāļžāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđāļĄāļĢāļīāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē "Superwood" āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļĄāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđ‡āļāļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļšāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ ðŸ” āļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ”āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Superwood ✅ Superwood āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđ‡āļāļ–āļķāļ‡ 10 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļšāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļē - āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļĨāļāļļāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡ âœ… āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāļđāđ‚āļĨāļŠ - āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰ āđ„āļĄāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļŸ, āļ™āđ‰āļģ, āļāļēāļĢāļœāļļāļāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĄāļĨāļ‡ âœ… InventWood āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļē 50 āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ”āļ­āļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2025 - āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđāļĢāļāļˆāļ°āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ Frederick āļĢāļąāļāđāļĄāļĢāļīāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ ✅ Superwood āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ—āļ™āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļāđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ”āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ„āļ­āļ™āļāļĢāļĩāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĨāđ‡āļ - āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ” āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĨāđˆāļ­āļĒāļ„āļēāļĢāđŒāļšāļ­āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ âœ… āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĄāļĩāđāļœāļ™āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļĄāđ‰ - āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļš Intectural āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļˆāļģāļŦāļ™āđˆāļēāļĒāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļāđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­ âœ… āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ - āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ â€žïļ Superwood āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒ - āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļĄāļēāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆ https://www.techspot.com/news/107948-superwood-aims-replace-steel-concrete-sustainable-alternative.html
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    Superwood aims to replace steel and concrete with a sustainable alternative
    What began as a laboratory experiment at the University of Maryland is now poised to significantly influence construction practices. InventWood, a startup spun out of the university,...
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    - āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļīāļ›āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļĄāđ€āļ”āļĨ AI āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™

    Tencent āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāļˆāļēāļ "Scaling Law" āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļ„āļĨāļąāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ
    - āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē GPU āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩ

    āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ AI
    - āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ inference āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē

    Tencent āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆ AI Accelerators āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ ASICs āđāļĨāļ° GPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđƒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™
    - āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļˆāļēāļāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļ

    Tencent āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļāļ§āđˆāļē 3.6 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ”āļ­āļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­ GPU āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‹āļīāļĢāđŒāļŸāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļž AI
    - āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļāļ·āļ­āļš 300% āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§

    https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/chinas-tencent-boasts-strong-stockpile-of-gpus-looking-at-alternative-ai-accelerators
    Tencent āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļĄāļĩāļŠāļ•āđ‡āļ­āļ GPU AI āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļžāļ­ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļē AI Accelerators āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ Tencent āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĄāļĩāļŠāļ•āđ‡āļ­āļ GPU AI āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļĄāđ€āļ”āļĨ AI āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļŠāļīāļ› AI āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ Tencent āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļē AI Accelerators āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰ ✅ Tencent āļĄāļĩāļŠāļ•āđ‡āļ­āļ GPU AI āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ - āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļīāļ›āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļĄāđ€āļ”āļĨ AI āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ âœ… Tencent āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāļˆāļēāļ "Scaling Law" āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļ„āļĨāļąāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ - āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē GPU āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩ ✅ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ AI - āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ inference āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē ✅ Tencent āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆ AI Accelerators āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ ASICs āđāļĨāļ° GPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđƒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ - āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļˆāļēāļāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļ âœ… Tencent āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļāļ§āđˆāļē 3.6 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ”āļ­āļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­ GPU āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‹āļīāļĢāđŒāļŸāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļž AI - āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļāļ·āļ­āļš 300% āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/chinas-tencent-boasts-strong-stockpile-of-gpus-looking-at-alternative-ai-accelerators
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  • āļŠāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ›āļ°āļ—āļļāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ”āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ-āļŠāļ›āļ›.āļĨāļēāļ§ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ™āļšāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĨāļļāļāļĨāļēāļĄāļĢāļ­āļšāđ„āļ—āļĒ

    āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļ·āļ™āļĨāļąāđˆāļ™āđāļšāļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ‚āļĨāļļāđˆāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ•āļīāļ”āļāļąāļšāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ āđƒāļ™āļāļąāđˆāļ‡ āļŠāļ›āļ›.āļĨāļēāļ§ āļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļĒāļ āļđāļœāļēāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļāļ—āļē āđāļ‚āļ§āļ‡āļšāđˆāļ­āđāļāđ‰āļ§ āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ­āļģāđ€āļ āļ­āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļāđˆāļ™ āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļžāļĢāļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 31 āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļœāļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ•āļĢāļķāļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāđ‰āļēāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ‡

    āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ–āļšāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ—āļĒāļ­āļ”āļ›āļīāļ”āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļ—āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļˆāļļāļ”āļŠāļĄāļ§āļīāļ§āļ āļđāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļŸāđ‰āļē āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 5 āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ 68 āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ› āļˆāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ›āļāļ•āļī āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļ›āļ·āļ™āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 7.62 āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļ·āļ™āļ­āļēāļāđ‰āļē āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ›āļ›.āļĨāļēāļ§āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ­āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ·āļšāļŠāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ•āļīāļ”āļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ

    The Analyzt āļ‚āļ­āļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļīāļ”āļāļąāļšāļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļĨāļ”āļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•

    1. āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ
    āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰:

    āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ (āļž.āļĻ. 2502-2518): āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ• āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāđ‰āļĢāļšāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ›āļ°āđ€āļ—āļ”āļĨāļēāļ§ (āļ„āļ­āļĄāļĄāļīāļ§āļ™āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒ) āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāļĨāļēāļ§ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļĄāļŦāļēāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļēāļĄāđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™ (āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļŦāļ āļēāļžāđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒ āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāđ‰āļĢāļšāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđāļ‚āļ§āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ™āļ›āļ°āđ€āļ—āļ”āļĨāļēāļ§āđ€āļ„āļĒāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™. āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļļāļ”āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ­āļĄāļĄāļīāļ§āļ™āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāđˆāļēāļĒāđ‚āļĨāļāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ”āļ™āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ: āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ­āļēāļĻāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāđ‰āļ‡ āļĨāļēāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļšāļēāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ.
    āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ: āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ™āļšāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ (āļĢāļ­āļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒ) āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ” āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ„āļ­āļ‹āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļēāļšāđ‰āļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļ•āđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļēāļˆāļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĒāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•.

    āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™: āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāđ‰āļĢāļšāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļžāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ KIA, MNDAA) āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āļĄāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­

    āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡:

    āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļžāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§ (LPAF): āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļžāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ āļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāļšāļ.

    āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ: āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āđ€āļ„āļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ­āļēāļˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ.

    āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļēāļŠāļāļēāļāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļĨāļģāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ” āļĄāļąāļāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™.

    āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāļšāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ: āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļ°āđ€āļ—āļ”āļĨāļēāļ§āļˆāļ°āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ•āļīāļ”āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļ­āđƒāļˆāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ­āļēāļˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨ.

    āđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•:
    āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļˆāļēāļāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ™āļšāļ™āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļļāļ”āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ† āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļē.

    āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē: āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ 1027 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢ 3 āļžāļĩāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļ‡) āļ—āļ§āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļ āļąāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļĨāļēāļ§ āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ.

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„: āļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļˆāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§.

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļ•āđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ™āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļ§āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģ.

    āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ
    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđāļ•āđˆāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§

    āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĨāļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ•āđˆāļ­āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē Opportunities for Development Cooperation in Lao Strategic Sectors | CSIS. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™: āļĨāļēāļ§āļ–āļđāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē "āđāļšāļ•āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļĩāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ•āđ‰" āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ”āļĢāļžāļēāļ§āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ āļēāļ„āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ Energy in Laos - Wikipedia.

    āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™: āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļīāļ™āļ„āđ‰āļēāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ™āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ­āļļāļ›āđ‚āļ āļ„āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„ āļŦāļēāļāļĨāļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļĨāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļĒ Laos - The World Factbook

    āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļēāļˆāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļēāđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŦāļąāļ™āđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡

    āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī: āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļĨāļēāļ§āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ™āļēāļĒāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļšāļāļąāļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ BTI 2024 Laos Country Report: BTI 2024.
    āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ

    āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ
    āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļĨāļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°:

    āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļēāļšāļ›āļĢāļēāļĄāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļēāļšāļ›āļĢāļēāļĄāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļļāļ”āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļēāļ”āļ•āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ Fighting drug trafficking in the Golden Triangle: a UN Resident Coordinator blog | UN News. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ UNODC āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļąāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļĒāļē Thai authorities and UNODC meet about precursor chemical trafficking in the Golden Triangle - UNODC.

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™: āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļˆāļēāļāļĨāļēāļ§ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĄāļļāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ Alternative Development Pathways for Thailand’s Sustainable Electricity Trade with Laos • Stimson Center

    āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­: āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāļ‡āļ§āļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ§āļ‡āļˆāļĢāļ›āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļ‡āļšāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§ Guide to Investigating Organized Crime in the Golden Triangle — Introduction.

    āļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡: āļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ Asia's infamous Golden Triangle and the soldiers tracking down the drug smugglers who rule its narcotics trade - ABC News.

    āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļ—āļ§āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļ āļąāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āļĄāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™.

    āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āđ€āļĒāļ·āđ‰āļ­ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Q&A: The opium surge in Southeast Asia’s ‘Golden Triangle’ | Drugs News | Al Jazeera.

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ: āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļ§āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Locked In – Why Thailand Buys Electricity from Laos | Earth Journalism Network.

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™: āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļ āļąāļĒāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ Lao delegation explores renewable energy in Thailand | Partnerships for Infrastructure.

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļĢāļļāļ›
    āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĄāļīāļ•āļī āļŦāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļ°āļĄāļąāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ āļąāļĒāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļ­āļš āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ


    āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡:
    Laotian Civil War - Wikipedia
    Insurgency in Laos - Wikipedia
    Unprecedented Protests Are Putting Laos in Uncharted Waters | Council on Foreign Relations
    Assessment for Hmong in Laos | Refworld
    Laos | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts | Britannica
    From jungles to suburbs, warlord led Hmong struggle | Reuters
    Apocalypse Laos: The devastating legacy of the ‘Secret War’ | CEPR
    Laos country profile - BBC News
    Violence Flares in Laos | Council on Foreign Relations
    Laos: Latest News and Updates | South China Morning Post
    Collateral Damage: The Legacy of the Secret War in Laos | The Economic Journal | Oxford Academic
    Laos | AP News






    āļŠāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ›āļ°āļ—āļļāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ”āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ-āļŠāļ›āļ›.āļĨāļēāļ§ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ™āļšāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĨāļļāļāļĨāļēāļĄāļĢāļ­āļšāđ„āļ—āļĒ āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļ·āļ™āļĨāļąāđˆāļ™āđāļšāļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ‚āļĨāļļāđˆāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ•āļīāļ”āļāļąāļšāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ āđƒāļ™āļāļąāđˆāļ‡ āļŠāļ›āļ›.āļĨāļēāļ§ āļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļĒāļ āļđāļœāļēāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļāļ—āļē āđāļ‚āļ§āļ‡āļšāđˆāļ­āđāļāđ‰āļ§ āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ­āļģāđ€āļ āļ­āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļāđˆāļ™ āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļžāļĢāļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 31 āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļœāļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ•āļĢāļķāļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāđ‰āļēāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ‡ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ–āļšāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ—āļĒāļ­āļ”āļ›āļīāļ”āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļ—āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļˆāļļāļ”āļŠāļĄāļ§āļīāļ§āļ āļđāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļŸāđ‰āļē āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 5 āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ 68 āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ› āļˆāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ›āļāļ•āļī āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļ›āļ·āļ™āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ” 7.62 āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļ·āļ™āļ­āļēāļāđ‰āļē āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ›āļ›.āļĨāļēāļ§āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ­āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ·āļšāļŠāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ•āļīāļ”āļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ The Analyzt āļ‚āļ­āļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļīāļ”āļāļąāļšāļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļĨāļ”āļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• 1. āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰: āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ (āļž.āļĻ. 2502-2518): āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ• āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāđ‰āļĢāļšāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ›āļ°āđ€āļ—āļ”āļĨāļēāļ§ (āļ„āļ­āļĄāļĄāļīāļ§āļ™āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒ) āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāļĨāļēāļ§ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļĄāļŦāļēāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļēāļĄāđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™ (āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļŦāļ āļēāļžāđ‚āļ‹āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒ āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāđ‰āļĢāļšāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđāļ‚āļ§āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ™āļ›āļ°āđ€āļ—āļ”āļĨāļēāļ§āđ€āļ„āļĒāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™. āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļļāļ”āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ­āļĄāļĄāļīāļ§āļ™āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāđˆāļēāļĒāđ‚āļĨāļāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ”āļ™āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ: āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ­āļēāļĻāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāđ‰āļ‡ āļĨāļēāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļšāļēāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ. āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ: āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ™āļšāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ (āļĢāļ­āļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒ) āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ” āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ„āļ­āļ‹āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļēāļšāđ‰āļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļ•āđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļēāļˆāļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĒāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•. āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™: āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāđ‰āļĢāļšāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļžāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ KIA, MNDAA) āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āļĄāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡: āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļžāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§ (LPAF): āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļžāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ āļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāļšāļ. āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ: āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āđ€āļ„āļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ­āļēāļˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ. āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļēāļŠāļāļēāļāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļĨāļģāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ” āļĄāļąāļāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļāļąāļšāļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™. āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāļšāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ: āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļ°āđ€āļ—āļ”āļĨāļēāļ§āļˆāļ°āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ•āļīāļ”āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļžāļ­āđƒāļˆāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ­āļēāļˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨ. āđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•: āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āļˆāļēāļāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ™āļšāļ™āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļļāļ”āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ† āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļē. āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē: āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļē (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ 1027 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢ 3 āļžāļĩāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļ‡) āļ—āļ§āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļ āļąāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļĨāļēāļ§ āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„: āļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļˆāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļ°āļ—āļ°āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§. āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļ•āđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ™āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļ§āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģ. āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđāļ•āđˆāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĨāļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ•āđˆāļ­āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē Opportunities for Development Cooperation in Lao Strategic Sectors | CSIS. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™: āļĨāļēāļ§āļ–āļđāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē "āđāļšāļ•āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļĩāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ•āđ‰" āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŪāđ‚āļ”āļĢāļžāļēāļ§āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ āļēāļ„āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ Energy in Laos - Wikipedia. āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™: āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāļīāļ™āļ„āđ‰āļēāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ™āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ­āļļāļ›āđ‚āļ āļ„āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„ āļŦāļēāļāļĨāļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļĨāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļĒ Laos - The World Factbook āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļēāļˆāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļēāđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŦāļąāļ™āđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡ āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī: āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļĨāļēāļ§āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ™āļēāļĒāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļšāļāļąāļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ BTI 2024 Laos Country Report: BTI 2024. āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļĨāļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°: āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļēāļšāļ›āļĢāļēāļĄāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļēāļšāļ›āļĢāļēāļĄāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļļāļ”āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļēāļ”āļ•āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ Fighting drug trafficking in the Golden Triangle: a UN Resident Coordinator blog | UN News. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ UNODC āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļąāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļĒāļē Thai authorities and UNODC meet about precursor chemical trafficking in the Golden Triangle - UNODC. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™: āđ„āļ—āļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļˆāļēāļāļĨāļēāļ§ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĄāļļāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĨāļ”āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ Alternative Development Pathways for Thailand’s Sustainable Electricity Trade with Laos • Stimson Center āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­: āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāļ‡āļ§āļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ§āļ‡āļˆāļĢāļ›āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļ‡āļšāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§ Guide to Investigating Organized Crime in the Golden Triangle — Introduction. āļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡: āļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒ Asia's infamous Golden Triangle and the soldiers tracking down the drug smugglers who rule its narcotics trade - ABC News. āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļ—āļ§āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļ āļąāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āļĄāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™. āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”: āļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āđ€āļĒāļ·āđ‰āļ­ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Q&A: The opium surge in Southeast Asia’s ‘Golden Triangle’ | Drugs News | Al Jazeera. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ: āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļ§āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Locked In – Why Thailand Buys Electricity from Laos | Earth Journalism Network. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™: āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļĨāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļ āļąāļĒāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ Lao delegation explores renewable energy in Thailand | Partnerships for Infrastructure. āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļĢāļļāļ› āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĄāļīāļ•āļī āļŦāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŠāļžāļ•āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļ°āļĄāļąāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ āļąāļĒāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđƒāļ™āļĨāļēāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļ­āļš āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡: Laotian Civil War - Wikipedia Insurgency in Laos - Wikipedia Unprecedented Protests Are Putting Laos in Uncharted Waters | Council on Foreign Relations Assessment for Hmong in Laos | Refworld Laos | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts | Britannica From jungles to suburbs, warlord led Hmong struggle | Reuters Apocalypse Laos: The devastating legacy of the ‘Secret War’ | CEPR Laos country profile - BBC News Violence Flares in Laos | Council on Foreign Relations Laos: Latest News and Updates | South China Morning Post Collateral Damage: The Legacy of the Secret War in Laos | The Economic Journal | Oxford Academic Laos | AP News
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  • āļāļ™āļ‡. āļĄāļĩāļĄāļ•āļīāļĨāļ”āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 1.75% āļˆāļēāļāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļ tariff āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡Key Highlights:āļāļ™āļ‡. āļĄāļĩāļĄāļ•āļī 5 āļ•āđˆāļ­ 2 āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĨāļ”āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļĨāļ‡ 0.25% āļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 1.75% āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āļ™ āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļŠāļđāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļāļ™āļ‡. āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 2 scenario āđ‚āļ”āļĒ Reference Scenario (Lower Tariffs) āļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ›āļĩ 2025 āļˆāļ°āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆ 2.0% āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆ Alternative Scenario (Higher Tariffs) āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļēāļˆāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 1.3% āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļŸāđ‰āļ­āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ› āļāļ™āļ‡. āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļšāļĨāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ­āļšāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļ•āđˆāļģāļĨāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĨāļKrungthai COMPASS āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļāļ™āļ‡. āļˆāļ°āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĨāļ”āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ āļŠāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš 1.50% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2025 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļˆāļ°āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļˆāļĢāļˆāļēāļāļąāļšāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĨāļ”āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļ™āļģāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļē āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāđ‰āļ™āļāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ 90 āļ§āļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒ
    āļāļ™āļ‡. āļĄāļĩāļĄāļ•āļīāļĨāļ”āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 1.75% āļˆāļēāļāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļˆāļēāļ tariff āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡Key Highlights:āļāļ™āļ‡. āļĄāļĩāļĄāļ•āļī 5 āļ•āđˆāļ­ 2 āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĨāļ”āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļĨāļ‡ 0.25% āļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆ 1.75% āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āļ™ āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļŠāļđāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļāļ™āļ‡. āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 2 scenario āđ‚āļ”āļĒ Reference Scenario (Lower Tariffs) āļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ›āļĩ 2025 āļˆāļ°āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆ 2.0% āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆ Alternative Scenario (Higher Tariffs) āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ­āļēāļˆāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 1.3% āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļŸāđ‰āļ­āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ› āļāļ™āļ‡. āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļšāļĨāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ­āļšāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļ•āđˆāļģāļĨāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĨāļKrungthai COMPASS āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļāļ™āļ‡. āļˆāļ°āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĨāļ”āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ āļŠāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš 1.50% āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2025 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļˆāļ°āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļˆāļĢāļˆāļēāļāļąāļšāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļĨāļ”āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļ™āļģāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļē āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāđ‰āļ™āļāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ 90 āļ§āļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļ—āļĒ
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  • Xiaomi āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Google āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē Android āđāļĨāļ° Google Play Services āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļĨāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļĩāļ™

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    āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļ āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Huawei āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāđāļšāļ™āļˆāļēāļ Google āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2019 āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē HarmonyOS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļĄāļĩ āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļ­āļ›āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 20,000 āđāļ­āļ›

    Xiaomi āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē OS āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Google
    - Xiaomi, Oppo, Vivo āđāļĨāļ° OnePlus āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡
    - HyperOS 3 āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļļāļ„āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļˆāļēāļ Google

    āđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē OS āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ
    - āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļĩāļ™
    - Huawei āļ–āļđāļāđāļšāļ™āļˆāļēāļ Google āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē HarmonyOS

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HarmonyOS
    - āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ™
    - āļĄāļĩāđāļ­āļ›āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 20,000 āđāļ­āļ›

    āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™
    - āļŦāļēāļ Xiaomi āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Android āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­ āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ
    - āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ Android āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļˆāļēāļāļˆāļĩāļ™

    https://www.neowin.net/news/chinese-smartphone-makers-reportedly-want-a-google-free-android-alternative/
    Xiaomi āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Google āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē Android āđāļĨāļ° Google Play Services āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļĨāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļĩāļ™ Xiaomi, Oppo, Vivo āđāļĨāļ° OnePlus āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļˆāļēāļ HyperOS 3 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļļāļ„āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļˆāļēāļ Google āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļ āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Huawei āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāđāļšāļ™āļˆāļēāļ Google āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2019 āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē HarmonyOS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļĄāļĩ āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļ­āļ›āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 20,000 āđāļ­āļ› âœ… Xiaomi āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē OS āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Google - Xiaomi, Oppo, Vivo āđāļĨāļ° OnePlus āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡ - HyperOS 3 āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļļāļ„āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļˆāļēāļ Google ✅ āđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē OS āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ - āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļĩāļ™ - Huawei āļ–āļđāļāđāļšāļ™āļˆāļēāļ Google āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē HarmonyOS ✅ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ HarmonyOS - āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļ§āđˆāļē 1 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ™ - āļĄāļĩāđāļ­āļ›āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 20,000 āđāļ­āļ› âœ… āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™ - āļŦāļēāļ Xiaomi āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Android āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­ āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļŠāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ—āđ‚āļŸāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ - āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ Android āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļˆāļēāļāļˆāļĩāļ™ https://www.neowin.net/news/chinese-smartphone-makers-reportedly-want-a-google-free-android-alternative/
    WWW.NEOWIN.NET
    Chinese smartphone makers reportedly want a Google-free Android alternative
    A coalition of Chinese smartphone makers have ventilated the idea of ditching Google-owned Android from their devices due to fear of threats from the US government.
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  • ReactOS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ­āđ€āļžāđˆāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļąāļš Windows NT āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ”āļĢāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš GPU āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Voodoo5 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 3dfx āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„ 90 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™ OpenGL āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļ™ Windows NT āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļšāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡

    āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­ Voodoo5 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 3dfx āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļđāđˆāđ€āļāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Glide API āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™

    ReactOS āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Alpha āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŪāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ” 0.4.15 āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš Plug-and-Play āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™

    āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš GPU āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Voodoo5
    - ReactOS āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ”āļĢāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš GPU āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Voodoo5
    - āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™ OpenGL āđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļ™ Windows NT

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­ Voodoo5
    - āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 3dfx āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļđāđˆāđ€āļāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄ
    - āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Glide API āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™

    āļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļ™ ReactOS āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™ 0.4.15
    - āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš Plug-and-Play āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™
    - āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄ

    āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ReactOS
    - āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŪāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļē
    - āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ

    https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/reactos-now-supports-3dfxs-voodoo5-gpus-open-source-windows-alternative-offers-near-native-performance-for-retro-gamers
    ReactOS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ­āđ€āļžāđˆāļ™āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļąāļš Windows NT āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ”āļĢāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš GPU āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Voodoo5 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 3dfx āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„ 90 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™ OpenGL āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļ™ Windows NT āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļšāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­ Voodoo5 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 3dfx āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļđāđˆāđ€āļāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Glide API āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ ReactOS āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Alpha āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŪāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ” 0.4.15 āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš Plug-and-Play āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ âœ… āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš GPU āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Voodoo5 - ReactOS āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ”āļĢāđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš GPU āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Voodoo5 - āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™ OpenGL āđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļ™ Windows NT ✅ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āļˆāļ­ Voodoo5 - āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 3dfx āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļđāđˆāđ€āļāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄ - āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Glide API āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ âœ… āļŸāļĩāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļ™ ReactOS āđ€āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™ 0.4.15 - āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļš Plug-and-Play āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ - āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄ âœ… āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ReactOS - āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŪāļēāļĢāđŒāļ”āđāļ§āļĢāđŒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļē - āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/reactos-now-supports-3dfxs-voodoo5-gpus-open-source-windows-alternative-offers-near-native-performance-for-retro-gamers
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  • āļāļēāļāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŪāļĩāļĒāļœāļĨāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļŪāļĩāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ™āļ°āļ„āļĢāļąāļš
    https://youtube.com/@shawsherryduck?si=J4Po_O9EzimtfJiv
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    Shaw Sherry Duck : āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒâ€‹ āđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆâ€‹āļ”āļąāđŠāļâ€‹

    #Sherryduck #shawsherryduck #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāđŠāļ #āđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāđŠāļâ€‹ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļīāļ™āļ™āļąāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāļĒāļļāļ„90 #indieArtist #āļ­āļīāļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ•āļĢāđ† #āļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒāļžāļīāļŠāļīāļ•​ #Alternative #āļ­āļąāļĨāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļ—āļĩāļŸ #āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļ°āļ”āļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļāļ§āļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļī #āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡ #DongplengRecord #āđ€āļŪāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ­āļ§āđŒâ€‹ #āļ”āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĨāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ™āđāļ­āļĢāđŒ
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