• āļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļ™āļēāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļē 200 āļ›āļĩ āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē Niobium Phosphide (NbP) āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāđ‚āļ™ NbP āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ• āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ

    ✅ Niobium Phosphide āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāđ‚āļ™
    - āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Stanford University āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē NbP āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 6 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē
    - āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļšāļēāļ‡āļĨāļ‡ NbP āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡

    ✅ āđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™
    - NbP āļĄāļĩ āļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ•āļĢāļ­āļ™āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™
    - āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ„āļ”āđ‰

    ✅ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āļ”āļąāļāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒ
    - NbP āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ–āļđāļāļ§āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļŸāļīāļĨāđŒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļī 400°C āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ›āļ‹āļīāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ

    ✅ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•
    - āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļŸāļīāļĨāđŒāļĄ NbP āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāļŠāļđāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ
    - āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļŸāļīāļĨāđŒāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāđˆāļģāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āđāļ›āļĢāļ›āļĢāļ§āļ™

    ✅ āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļĨāđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒ
    - āļŦāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē NbP āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļĨāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ­āļēāļˆāđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļ‡āļˆāļĢāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ 10 āļ›āļĩ

    https://www.techradar.com/pro/after-semiconductors-semimetals-might-be-the-next-big-thing-as-the-tech-industry-looks-for-a-replacement-for-ubiquitous-copper
    āļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļ™āļēāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļē 200 āļ›āļĩ āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē Niobium Phosphide (NbP) āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāđ‚āļ™ NbP āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ• āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ ✅ Niobium Phosphide āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāđ‚āļ™ - āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Stanford University āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē NbP āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡ 6 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē - āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļšāļēāļ‡āļĨāļ‡ NbP āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡ ✅ āđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļĨāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ - NbP āļĄāļĩ āļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ•āļĢāļ­āļ™āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ - āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ„āļ”āđ‰ ✅ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āļ”āļąāļāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒ - NbP āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ–āļđāļāļ§āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļŸāļīāļĨāđŒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļī 400°C āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ›āļ‹āļīāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒ ✅ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ• - āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļŸāļīāļĨāđŒāļĄ NbP āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāļŠāļđāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ - āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļŸāļīāļĨāđŒāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāđˆāļģāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āđāļ›āļĢāļ›āļĢāļ§āļ™ ✅ āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļĨāđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒ - āļŦāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē NbP āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļļāđ€āļ‹āļĄāļīāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļĨāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ­āļēāļˆāđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļ­āļ‡āđāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļ‡āļˆāļĢāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ 10 āļ›āļĩ https://www.techradar.com/pro/after-semiconductors-semimetals-might-be-the-next-big-thing-as-the-tech-industry-looks-for-a-replacement-for-ubiquitous-copper
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  • āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļĨāļēāļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļē āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ” āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļđāļāļžāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļ‡ āđ† āđ„āļ› āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™ āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”

    āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ:
    - āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļšāļšāļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļ "āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāļĄ" āđāļĨāļ° 68% āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™.

    āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ:
    - āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 73% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ­āļ—āļĩāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ„āļŸāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ™āđˆāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļžāļ­.

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™:
    - Graig Paglieri āļ‹āļĩāļ­āļĩāđ‚āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Randstad āļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļšāļšāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ”āļķāļ‡āļ”āļđāļ”āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ.

    āļœāļĨāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ:
    - āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļē āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡

    https://www.techradar.com/pro/inflexible-work-policies-are-pushing-tech-workers-to-quit
    āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļĨāļēāļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļē āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ” āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļđāļāļžāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļ‡ āđ† āđ„āļ› āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™ āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ: - āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļšāļšāļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļ "āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāļĄ" āđāļĨāļ° 68% āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™. āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ: - āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē 73% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ­āļ—āļĩāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ„āļŸāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ™āđˆāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļžāļ­. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™: - Graig Paglieri āļ‹āļĩāļ­āļĩāđ‚āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Randstad āļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļšāļšāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ”āļķāļ‡āļ”āļđāļ”āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ. āļœāļĨāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ: - āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļē āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡ https://www.techradar.com/pro/inflexible-work-policies-are-pushing-tech-workers-to-quit
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    Inflexible work policies are pushing tech workers to quit
    2 in 5 workers quit in the last year due to workplace policies
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  • "āļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāđ‚āļĨāļāđ€āļāļĄāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđ„āļ›āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ™āļļāļāļŠāļ™āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđˆāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļļāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļ āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ™āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļĨāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļēāļĢāļžāđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļģāļĄāļēāļ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡ Ubisoft āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĨāļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļļāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļĨāļąāļšāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ‡āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›

    āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļ•āļāđƒāļˆ:
    - āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļīāļšāđ‚āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠāļˆāļēāļ 15% āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2018 āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 24% āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2023 āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļ™āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ” āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē 10%.

    āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ:
    - Ubisoft āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļļāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāļĄāļ”āļđāđāļĨāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļšāļēāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāļ–āļđāļāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ„āļ”āļĩ

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļąāļ‡āļ§āļĨāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡:
    - āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļĨāļ”āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļĨāđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĄāļąāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļāđˆāļ­āļ™
    - āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™ (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion: DEI) āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļ§āļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāđŒāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āļēāļˆāļ–āļ­āļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ

    āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ:
    - āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļāļĨāđ‰āļēāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļąāļ§āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ–āļđāļāđāļšāļĨāđ‡āļāļĨāļīāļŠāļ•āđŒāđƒāļ™āļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļĄāļēāļ

    https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2025/03/18/games-industry-still-a-hostile-environment-for-many-women
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    Games industry still a hostile environment for many women
    Five years on from a first wave of harassment scandals that rocked the world of gaming, multiple women working in the industry tell AFP they have seen or experienced sexism in the workplace, fearing economic hardship in the sector will lead to backsliding.
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  • Graduation Quotes To Lead You Into The Next Chapter

    Every spring, graduates of colleges and universities around the US are awarded their degrees at commencement ceremonies. “Pomp and Circumstance” will be played, mortarboard caps will be thrown, and a commencement address will be given by a notable figure. The goal of a commencement address is to give advice that can be taken into the “real world” after graduation. It’s an opportunity to reflect on what values are truly meaningful, the importance of education, and how to make a difference. Graduate or not, we can all stand to learn from the words of writers, politicians, musicians, and others. These 12 quotes from some of the most impactful or notable commencement addresses will inspire you, challenge you, and give you a new sense of purpose.

    1. “The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day.”
    —David Foster Wallace, 2005 Kenyon College commencement

    myriad

    In one of the most famous commencement addresses of all time, “This is Water,” writer David Foster Wallace encouraged graduates to rethink their ideas about freedom. The word myriad [ mir-ee-uhd ] means “of an indefinitely great number; innumerable.” Myriad comes from the Greek for “ten thousand,” and can be used in English to mean the same, but DFW didn’t have this meaning in mind here.

    2. “I don’t know what your future is, but if you are willing to take the harder way, the more complicated one, the one with more failures at first than successes, the one that has ultimately proven to have more meaning, more victory, more glory then you will not regret it.”
    —Chadwick Boseman, 2018 Howard University commencement

    glory

    The actor Chadwick Boseman died tragically at a young age from colon cancer. Knowing this makes his words to graduates at his alma mater, Howard, even more poignant. He shares his ideas about how one can achieve glory, “very great praise, honor, or distinction bestowed by common consent; renown.” While today glory has a very positive connotation, this wasn’t always the case. In its earliest uses, glory was used more in the sense of vainglory, “excessive elation or pride over one’s own achievements.”

    3. “As every past generation has had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance of truisms and stereotypes, so in our own time we must move on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to a new, difficult, but essential confrontation with reality. For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie—deliberate, contrived, and dishonest—but the myth—persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.”
    —President John F. Kennedy, 1962 Yale University commencement

    disenthrall

    President John F. Kennedy spent most of his 1962 commencement speech at Yale talking about his vision of government, but he also took time to give advice to the graduates. He says young people need to disenthrall themselves from old myths and stereotypes. Disenthrall is a verb meaning “to free from bondage; liberate.” Thrall is an old word meaning “a person who is morally or mentally enslaved by some power” or, more simply, “slavery.”

    4. “[T]hough it’s crucial to make a living, that shouldn’t be your inspiration or your aspiration. Do it for yourself, your highest self, for your own pride, joy, ego, gratification, expression, love, fulfillment, happiness—whatever you want to call it.”
    —Billy Joel, 1993 Berklee College of Music commencement

    fulfillment

    Activist and musician Billy Joel, addressing graduates of the prestigious music school Berklee College, gave advice on how to direct creative energies to making the world a better place. He encourages them to do work for their own fulfillment, “the state or act of bringing something to realization.” Fulfillment is often used to describe the feeling one has when one accomplishes something of personal significance.

    5. “I want you all to stay true to the most real, most sincere, most authentic parts of yourselves. I want you to ask those basic questions: Who do you want to be? What inspires you? How do you want to give back?”
    —First Lady Michelle Obama, 2015 Tuskegee University commencement

    authentic

    On a similar note as Billy Joel, former First Lady Michelle Obama exhorts students to be authentic, which here means “representing one’s true nature or beliefs; true to oneself.” The word authentic comes from the Greek authentikós, meaning “original, primary, at first hand.”

    6. “I hope you are never victims, but I hope you have no power over other people. And when you fail, and are defeated, and in pain, and in the dark, then I hope you will remember that darkness is your country, where you live, where no wars are fought and no wars are won, but where the future is.”
    —Ursula K. Le Guin, 1983 Mills College commencement

    future

    Science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin was no stranger to imagining new worlds and possibilities. So it makes sense that she talked to graduates about the future, “time that is to be or come hereafter.” While today we use future as a noun and adjective, in the mid-1600s, future was also used as a verb to mean “to put off to a future day,” as in They future their work because they are lazy.

    7. “As you approach your future, there will be ample opportunity to becomejadedand cynical, but I urge you to resist cynicism—the world is still a beautiful place and change is possible.”
    —Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 2011 Harvard University commencement

    jaded

    Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is the former president of Liberia and was the first woman to lead an African nation. She spoke at her alma mater, Harvard, about the importance of advocating for change. She notes that many people become jaded as they age, a word that here means “worn out or wearied, as by overwork or overuse.” This sense of jaded comes from the Middle English jade, “a worn-out, broken-down, worthless, or vicious horse.”

    8. “Everything meaningful about this moment, and these four years, will be meaningful inside you, not outside you … As long as you store it inside yourself, it’s not going anywhere—or it’s going everywhere with you.”
    —Margaret Edson, 2008 Smith College commencement

    meaningful

    Educator and playwright Margaret Edson told graduates at Smith College that they will carry what is meaningful about their experience with them throughout their lives. Meaningful means “full of meaning, significance, purpose, or value.” Meaningful is formed from a combination of meaning and the suffix -ful, meaning “full of” or “characterized by.” It’s one of many suffixes from Old English that is still present in our language today.

    9. “If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion. Honor your calling. Everyone has one.”
    —Oprah Winfrey, 2008 Stanford commencement

    harness

    Television host Oprah Winfrey is known for being an inspiration, and her commencement speech at Stanford University in 2008 was certainly inspirational. She urged students to “harness [their] power to [their] passion.” Harness here is being used figuratively and as a verb to mean “to bring under conditions for effective use; gain control over for a particular end.” Harness comes from the Old Norse *hernest meaning “provisions for an armed force.” The word’s meaning has changed quite a lot since! [checking]

    10. “When things are going sweetly and peacefully, please pause a moment, and then say out loud, “If this isn’t nice, what is?””
    —Kurt Vonnegut, 1999 Agnes Scott College commencement

    sweetly

    The writer Kurt Vonnegut wanted graduates to take time to reflect on the goodness in life. He describes this as “when things are going sweetly,” a word commonly associated with sugar but that can also describe anything “pleasing or agreeable; delightful.” Sweet is an interesting word that is closely related to its ancient Proto-Indo-European original. You can learn more about the history of the word at our entry for sweet.

    11. “From my point of view, which is that of a storyteller, I see your life as already artful, waiting, just waiting and ready for you to make it art.”
    —Toni Morrison, 2004 Wellesley College commencement

    artful

    Novelist Toni Morrison in her commencement address at Wellesley College told graduates she saw their lives as artful. While this word can mean “slyly crafty or cunning; deceitful; tricky,” it is clear from the context that Morrison meant it in the sense of “done with or characterized by art or skill.” In other words, the graduates have the skills, power, and beauty to create a good life.

    12. “If I must give any of you advice it would be Say Yes. Say Yes, And … and create your own destiny.”
    —Maya Rudolph, 2015 Tulane University commencement

    destiny

    Graduation is a time to think about the future and one’s destiny, in the sense of “something that is to happen or has happened to a particular person or thing; lot or fortune.” Destiny is often taken to be something that is “predetermined, usually inevitable or irresistible.” But actor Maya Rudolph takes this word in a different direction, saying graduates should “create [their] own destiny.”

    Graduation season is a time to consider our own futures, destinies, passions, and desires. We hope these inspiring words give you something to chew on as you go forth into the “real world.”

    Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Graduation Quotes To Lead You Into The Next Chapter Every spring, graduates of colleges and universities around the US are awarded their degrees at commencement ceremonies. “Pomp and Circumstance” will be played, mortarboard caps will be thrown, and a commencement address will be given by a notable figure. The goal of a commencement address is to give advice that can be taken into the “real world” after graduation. It’s an opportunity to reflect on what values are truly meaningful, the importance of education, and how to make a difference. Graduate or not, we can all stand to learn from the words of writers, politicians, musicians, and others. These 12 quotes from some of the most impactful or notable commencement addresses will inspire you, challenge you, and give you a new sense of purpose. 1. “The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day.” —David Foster Wallace, 2005 Kenyon College commencement myriad In one of the most famous commencement addresses of all time, “This is Water,” writer David Foster Wallace encouraged graduates to rethink their ideas about freedom. The word myriad [ mir-ee-uhd ] means “of an indefinitely great number; innumerable.” Myriad comes from the Greek for “ten thousand,” and can be used in English to mean the same, but DFW didn’t have this meaning in mind here. 2. “I don’t know what your future is, but if you are willing to take the harder way, the more complicated one, the one with more failures at first than successes, the one that has ultimately proven to have more meaning, more victory, more glory then you will not regret it.” —Chadwick Boseman, 2018 Howard University commencement glory The actor Chadwick Boseman died tragically at a young age from colon cancer. Knowing this makes his words to graduates at his alma mater, Howard, even more poignant. He shares his ideas about how one can achieve glory, “very great praise, honor, or distinction bestowed by common consent; renown.” While today glory has a very positive connotation, this wasn’t always the case. In its earliest uses, glory was used more in the sense of vainglory, “excessive elation or pride over one’s own achievements.” 3. “As every past generation has had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance of truisms and stereotypes, so in our own time we must move on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to a new, difficult, but essential confrontation with reality. For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie—deliberate, contrived, and dishonest—but the myth—persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” —President John F. Kennedy, 1962 Yale University commencement disenthrall President John F. Kennedy spent most of his 1962 commencement speech at Yale talking about his vision of government, but he also took time to give advice to the graduates. He says young people need to disenthrall themselves from old myths and stereotypes. Disenthrall is a verb meaning “to free from bondage; liberate.” Thrall is an old word meaning “a person who is morally or mentally enslaved by some power” or, more simply, “slavery.” 4. “[T]hough it’s crucial to make a living, that shouldn’t be your inspiration or your aspiration. Do it for yourself, your highest self, for your own pride, joy, ego, gratification, expression, love, fulfillment, happiness—whatever you want to call it.” —Billy Joel, 1993 Berklee College of Music commencement fulfillment Activist and musician Billy Joel, addressing graduates of the prestigious music school Berklee College, gave advice on how to direct creative energies to making the world a better place. He encourages them to do work for their own fulfillment, “the state or act of bringing something to realization.” Fulfillment is often used to describe the feeling one has when one accomplishes something of personal significance. 5. “I want you all to stay true to the most real, most sincere, most authentic parts of yourselves. I want you to ask those basic questions: Who do you want to be? What inspires you? How do you want to give back?” —First Lady Michelle Obama, 2015 Tuskegee University commencement authentic On a similar note as Billy Joel, former First Lady Michelle Obama exhorts students to be authentic, which here means “representing one’s true nature or beliefs; true to oneself.” The word authentic comes from the Greek authentikós, meaning “original, primary, at first hand.” 6. “I hope you are never victims, but I hope you have no power over other people. And when you fail, and are defeated, and in pain, and in the dark, then I hope you will remember that darkness is your country, where you live, where no wars are fought and no wars are won, but where the future is.” —Ursula K. Le Guin, 1983 Mills College commencement future Science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin was no stranger to imagining new worlds and possibilities. So it makes sense that she talked to graduates about the future, “time that is to be or come hereafter.” While today we use future as a noun and adjective, in the mid-1600s, future was also used as a verb to mean “to put off to a future day,” as in They future their work because they are lazy. 7. “As you approach your future, there will be ample opportunity to becomejadedand cynical, but I urge you to resist cynicism—the world is still a beautiful place and change is possible.” —Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 2011 Harvard University commencement jaded Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is the former president of Liberia and was the first woman to lead an African nation. She spoke at her alma mater, Harvard, about the importance of advocating for change. She notes that many people become jaded as they age, a word that here means “worn out or wearied, as by overwork or overuse.” This sense of jaded comes from the Middle English jade, “a worn-out, broken-down, worthless, or vicious horse.” 8. “Everything meaningful about this moment, and these four years, will be meaningful inside you, not outside you … As long as you store it inside yourself, it’s not going anywhere—or it’s going everywhere with you.” —Margaret Edson, 2008 Smith College commencement meaningful Educator and playwright Margaret Edson told graduates at Smith College that they will carry what is meaningful about their experience with them throughout their lives. Meaningful means “full of meaning, significance, purpose, or value.” Meaningful is formed from a combination of meaning and the suffix -ful, meaning “full of” or “characterized by.” It’s one of many suffixes from Old English that is still present in our language today. 9. “If you really want to fly, just harness your power to your passion. Honor your calling. Everyone has one.” —Oprah Winfrey, 2008 Stanford commencement harness Television host Oprah Winfrey is known for being an inspiration, and her commencement speech at Stanford University in 2008 was certainly inspirational. She urged students to “harness [their] power to [their] passion.” Harness here is being used figuratively and as a verb to mean “to bring under conditions for effective use; gain control over for a particular end.” Harness comes from the Old Norse *hernest meaning “provisions for an armed force.” The word’s meaning has changed quite a lot since! [checking] 10. “When things are going sweetly and peacefully, please pause a moment, and then say out loud, “If this isn’t nice, what is?”” —Kurt Vonnegut, 1999 Agnes Scott College commencement sweetly The writer Kurt Vonnegut wanted graduates to take time to reflect on the goodness in life. He describes this as “when things are going sweetly,” a word commonly associated with sugar but that can also describe anything “pleasing or agreeable; delightful.” Sweet is an interesting word that is closely related to its ancient Proto-Indo-European original. You can learn more about the history of the word at our entry for sweet. 11. “From my point of view, which is that of a storyteller, I see your life as already artful, waiting, just waiting and ready for you to make it art.” —Toni Morrison, 2004 Wellesley College commencement artful Novelist Toni Morrison in her commencement address at Wellesley College told graduates she saw their lives as artful. While this word can mean “slyly crafty or cunning; deceitful; tricky,” it is clear from the context that Morrison meant it in the sense of “done with or characterized by art or skill.” In other words, the graduates have the skills, power, and beauty to create a good life. 12. “If I must give any of you advice it would be Say Yes. Say Yes, And … and create your own destiny.” —Maya Rudolph, 2015 Tulane University commencement destiny Graduation is a time to think about the future and one’s destiny, in the sense of “something that is to happen or has happened to a particular person or thing; lot or fortune.” Destiny is often taken to be something that is “predetermined, usually inevitable or irresistible.” But actor Maya Rudolph takes this word in a different direction, saying graduates should “create [their] own destiny.” Graduation season is a time to consider our own futures, destinies, passions, and desires. We hope these inspiring words give you something to chew on as you go forth into the “real world.” Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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    āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļšāļĢāļ­āļ”āđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļŠāļđāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Benton Institute for Broadband & Society āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļąāļ‡āļ§āļĨāļ§āđˆāļē āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ™āļšāļ—āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļēāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđ‰āļēāļāļ§āđˆāļē āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļˆāļ—āļĒāđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļ—āļĒāđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāđˆāļ™āđ€āļāļĄ

    āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš Starlink āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒ SpaceX āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ BEAD āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļšāļĢāļ­āļ”āđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Universal Service Programs āđ‚āļ”āļĒ FCC āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Elon Musk āđƒāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ Trump āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļąāļšāļ‹āđ‰āļ­āļ™

    āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āđāļ•āđˆāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļĒāđāļāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļģāđāļŠāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļšāļĢāļ­āļ”āđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļąāļšāļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļ

    https://www.techspot.com/news/107067-broadband-policy-shift-us-drops-fiber-priority-could.html
    āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ (āđƒāļ„āļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļīāļ™??) āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ Trump āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļē 42.45 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ”āļ­āļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđŒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļāļąāļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āđƒāļĒāđāļāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļģāđāļŠāļ‡ (Fiber Internet) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ Starlink āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Elon Musk āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‡āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡ 10 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 20 āļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ”āļ­āļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđŒ āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ Biden āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđƒāļĒāđāļāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļģāđāļŠāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļģāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļ‹āļĨāļđāļŠāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĒāļ­āļ”āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒ 5G āđāļ•āđˆāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ Trump āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ›āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ "āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĨāļēāļ‡" āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ–āļđāļāđāļāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĨāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļšāļĢāļ­āļ”āđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļŠāļđāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Benton Institute for Broadband & Society āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļąāļ‡āļ§āļĨāļ§āđˆāļē āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ™āļšāļ—āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ„āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļēāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđ‰āļēāļāļ§āđˆāļē āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļˆāļ—āļĒāđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļ—āļĒāđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļāļĨāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāđˆāļ™āđ€āļāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš Starlink āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒ SpaceX āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ BEAD āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļšāļĢāļ­āļ”āđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Universal Service Programs āđ‚āļ”āļĒ FCC āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Elon Musk āđƒāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ Trump āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļąāļšāļ‹āđ‰āļ­āļ™ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļ§āļ”āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āđāļ•āđˆāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļĒāđāļāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļģāđāļŠāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļšāļĢāļ­āļ”āđāļšāļ™āļ”āđŒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļąāļšāļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļ https://www.techspot.com/news/107067-broadband-policy-shift-us-drops-fiber-priority-could.html
    WWW.TECHSPOT.COM
    Broadband policy shift in the U.S. drops fiber priority, could funnel billions to Starlink
    This move marks a departure from the Biden administration's approach, which emphasized fiber-optic networks as the most future-proof and reliable option for broadband deployment.
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  • Explore The Wide Expanse Of Synonyms For “Multiverse”

    All of space as we know it makes up the universe. The universe is gargantuan and is home to an untold number of galaxies, stars, and planets. But what if there were two universes? Or five? Or five hundred? We aren’t just talking about the universe anymore. We are talking about the multiverse, the theoretical collection of our universe plus all those other universes out there (including the one that has an evil version of you, but with a goatee—or is clean-shaven if you already have a goatee). Multiverse is a term used both in science and science fiction to refer to the idea of other existing universes. It’s not the only such term, though. We’ve scoured the lexicological multiverse to find a collection of ways that we refer to the possible worlds beyond.

    parallel universes

    The term parallel universe is used in science to refer to other hypothetical universes that exist alongside ours. We can’t see or interact with these universes in any way; they don’t exist in our universe, but they may exist … somewhere. Scientists have many theories about parallel universes. One of the more popular theories is that every possibility that could have happened has—in another parallel universe somewhere.

    megaverse

    The term megaverse is used, particularly in science fiction, to refer to a humongous universe that contains many multiverses within it. This grandiose-sounding word is often used to refer collectively to all of the parallel universes and multiverses that exist within a given fictional reality or possibly even within our own.

    omniverse

    A megaverse isn’t big enough for you? Then, you need an omniverse. The word omniverse is often used in science fiction to refer to all of reality and includes all of the universes, multiverses, pocket dimensions, celestial realms, and anything else that makes up existence. In comic books, Marvel and Marvel fans collectively refer to all universes that have existed and will ever exist (including our reality and other fictional multiverses) as the omniverse. So while Spider-Man (a Marvel character) and Batman (DC) may not exist in the same universe, multiverse, or megaverse, they (and every other fictional character) are part of the omniverse.

    other dimensions

    In science and mathematics, the term dimension is used to describe space and time. For example, our everyday lives involve three spatial dimensions (height, width, and depth) and time exists as the fourth dimension.

    In science fiction, technology often allows people to discover other dimensions and use them to explore places that we can’t while limited to only the four dimensions we know about. The places that this technology allows them to travel to are often referred to as “other dimensions” or a fifth dimension. Because these travelers are already breaking the laws of physics, these other dimensions can often get pretty weird and abstract.

    alternate realities

    The abstract word reality is used to collectively describe everything that exists or isn’t fictional. An alternate reality is a reality that exists beyond the one we experience right now. In popular culture, this term is often used interchangeably with similar words, like parallel universe. Because alternate realities are not the same reality we know, they don’t follow the laws of physics and can be pretty magical. For example, the Harry Potter series takes place in an alternate reality of our world in which witches, wizards, and magical creatures are real.

    parallel timelines

    The word timeline is used to describe a chronological series of events. For example, the Egyptian empire existed thousands of years ago in our timeline. A major theme in popular culture is the possibility of parallel or alternate timelines. The most common and basic version of this concept describes time as a tree with major events causing time to split into multiple branches, each branch containing the timelines that include the different possible outcomes of that event.

    The concept of parallel and alternate timelines can often get very confusing, particularly in fiction featuring time travel that explores changes in history due to these alternate timelines. Less seriously, the idea of parallel timelines is often jokingly used to explain the Mandela Effect (when a large number of people share a false memory) and the Berenstein (not Berenstain) Bears books we all remember reading in what was clearly an alternate timeline.

    alternate planes of existence

    The word plane is generally used in mathematics to refer to a flat two-dimensional surface. Outside of math, the word plane is sometimes used to describe alternate realities or “planes of existence” as if they were planes of glass placed alongside each other. For example, Buddhist teachings include the idea of 31 “planes” or “lands” that a person travels through in the cycle of life and death: our mortal plane and 30 others that belong to spiritual beings.

    In popular culture, the word plane is often used to refer to alternate words that are home to strange creatures or different rules of reality. For example, Dungeons and Dragons has a strange Plane of Mirrors that is home to dangerous monsters and allows travel through mirrors.

    other realms

    The word realm refers to a region where something happens. In our real world, the word realm is sometimes used in the phrase quantum realm to refer to the subatomic part of reality that is home to very small and very confusing things. In brief, the quantum realm seems to be a place where normally impossible things may be possible, such as particles existing in multiple places at once.

    Outside of science, the word realm is often used in popular culture, theology, spiritual, and paranormal science to refer to places beyond our reality. For example, the idea of a spirit realm that is home to ghosts and souls of the dead is common in religion and spirituality. Other stories and belief systems tell of realms beyond our world, such as the realm of fairies, the realm of elves, or the realms of gods such as Olympus or Asgard.

    isekai

    Isekai, which translates to “different word” or “another world,” is a popular Japanese fiction genre that features characters who are transported from our world to another one. Isekai stories are similar to classic stories, like Alice in Wonderland or The Wizard of Oz, in which a character winds up in a strange new world.

    In isekai fiction, sometimes characters travel back in time or travel to those alternate timelines we mentioned before. Some other possible destinations in isekai stories include the demon realm, a classical medieval fantasy world with dragons and magic, or even the world of a video game.

    Based on how often it comes up in popular culture, the possibility that other universes besides our own exist somewhere has mesmerized us for quite a long time. This idea is also still a frequent topic of discussion among scientists, too, which has led to theories like the many-worlds interpretation that try to explain how a multiverse might work if it is actually real. If you are curious as to what science has to say about all this multiverse madness, check out our discussion of the language about the multiverse.

    Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Explore The Wide Expanse Of Synonyms For “Multiverse” All of space as we know it makes up the universe. The universe is gargantuan and is home to an untold number of galaxies, stars, and planets. But what if there were two universes? Or five? Or five hundred? We aren’t just talking about the universe anymore. We are talking about the multiverse, the theoretical collection of our universe plus all those other universes out there (including the one that has an evil version of you, but with a goatee—or is clean-shaven if you already have a goatee). Multiverse is a term used both in science and science fiction to refer to the idea of other existing universes. It’s not the only such term, though. We’ve scoured the lexicological multiverse to find a collection of ways that we refer to the possible worlds beyond. parallel universes The term parallel universe is used in science to refer to other hypothetical universes that exist alongside ours. We can’t see or interact with these universes in any way; they don’t exist in our universe, but they may exist … somewhere. Scientists have many theories about parallel universes. One of the more popular theories is that every possibility that could have happened has—in another parallel universe somewhere. megaverse The term megaverse is used, particularly in science fiction, to refer to a humongous universe that contains many multiverses within it. This grandiose-sounding word is often used to refer collectively to all of the parallel universes and multiverses that exist within a given fictional reality or possibly even within our own. omniverse A megaverse isn’t big enough for you? Then, you need an omniverse. The word omniverse is often used in science fiction to refer to all of reality and includes all of the universes, multiverses, pocket dimensions, celestial realms, and anything else that makes up existence. In comic books, Marvel and Marvel fans collectively refer to all universes that have existed and will ever exist (including our reality and other fictional multiverses) as the omniverse. So while Spider-Man (a Marvel character) and Batman (DC) may not exist in the same universe, multiverse, or megaverse, they (and every other fictional character) are part of the omniverse. other dimensions In science and mathematics, the term dimension is used to describe space and time. For example, our everyday lives involve three spatial dimensions (height, width, and depth) and time exists as the fourth dimension. In science fiction, technology often allows people to discover other dimensions and use them to explore places that we can’t while limited to only the four dimensions we know about. The places that this technology allows them to travel to are often referred to as “other dimensions” or a fifth dimension. Because these travelers are already breaking the laws of physics, these other dimensions can often get pretty weird and abstract. alternate realities The abstract word reality is used to collectively describe everything that exists or isn’t fictional. An alternate reality is a reality that exists beyond the one we experience right now. In popular culture, this term is often used interchangeably with similar words, like parallel universe. Because alternate realities are not the same reality we know, they don’t follow the laws of physics and can be pretty magical. For example, the Harry Potter series takes place in an alternate reality of our world in which witches, wizards, and magical creatures are real. parallel timelines The word timeline is used to describe a chronological series of events. For example, the Egyptian empire existed thousands of years ago in our timeline. A major theme in popular culture is the possibility of parallel or alternate timelines. The most common and basic version of this concept describes time as a tree with major events causing time to split into multiple branches, each branch containing the timelines that include the different possible outcomes of that event. The concept of parallel and alternate timelines can often get very confusing, particularly in fiction featuring time travel that explores changes in history due to these alternate timelines. Less seriously, the idea of parallel timelines is often jokingly used to explain the Mandela Effect (when a large number of people share a false memory) and the Berenstein (not Berenstain) Bears books we all remember reading in what was clearly an alternate timeline. alternate planes of existence The word plane is generally used in mathematics to refer to a flat two-dimensional surface. Outside of math, the word plane is sometimes used to describe alternate realities or “planes of existence” as if they were planes of glass placed alongside each other. For example, Buddhist teachings include the idea of 31 “planes” or “lands” that a person travels through in the cycle of life and death: our mortal plane and 30 others that belong to spiritual beings. In popular culture, the word plane is often used to refer to alternate words that are home to strange creatures or different rules of reality. For example, Dungeons and Dragons has a strange Plane of Mirrors that is home to dangerous monsters and allows travel through mirrors. other realms The word realm refers to a region where something happens. In our real world, the word realm is sometimes used in the phrase quantum realm to refer to the subatomic part of reality that is home to very small and very confusing things. In brief, the quantum realm seems to be a place where normally impossible things may be possible, such as particles existing in multiple places at once. Outside of science, the word realm is often used in popular culture, theology, spiritual, and paranormal science to refer to places beyond our reality. For example, the idea of a spirit realm that is home to ghosts and souls of the dead is common in religion and spirituality. Other stories and belief systems tell of realms beyond our world, such as the realm of fairies, the realm of elves, or the realms of gods such as Olympus or Asgard. isekai Isekai, which translates to “different word” or “another world,” is a popular Japanese fiction genre that features characters who are transported from our world to another one. Isekai stories are similar to classic stories, like Alice in Wonderland or The Wizard of Oz, in which a character winds up in a strange new world. In isekai fiction, sometimes characters travel back in time or travel to those alternate timelines we mentioned before. Some other possible destinations in isekai stories include the demon realm, a classical medieval fantasy world with dragons and magic, or even the world of a video game. Based on how often it comes up in popular culture, the possibility that other universes besides our own exist somewhere has mesmerized us for quite a long time. This idea is also still a frequent topic of discussion among scientists, too, which has led to theories like the many-worlds interpretation that try to explain how a multiverse might work if it is actually real. If you are curious as to what science has to say about all this multiverse madness, check out our discussion of the language about the multiverse. Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • Google āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ‚āļĨāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļ­āļāļĨāļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ DEI āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ

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  • 77 āļ›āļĩ āļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢ “āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ” āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜ āļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļļāļāđ€āļšāļīāļāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ” “āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ”

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    āļĒāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­ 77 āļ›āļĩ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļē āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 30 āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2491 āļ™āļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļĨāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļĢāļķāļ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­ "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļīāļ•āļ§āļīāļāļāļēāļ“ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āļ–āļđāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 78 āļ›āļĩ āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļīāļĢāļĨāļē āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āļ™āļīāļ§āđ€āļ”āļĨāļĩ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļļāļ”āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ āļēāļž āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ

    āđ‚āļĻāļāļ™āļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī āļ§āļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ
    āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 30 āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ 2491 "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ§āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļīāļĢāļĨāļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ§āļ”āļ āļēāļ§āļ™āļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļ—āļļāļāđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™ āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļāļđāļ‡āļŠāļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļēāļĢāļ­āļŸāļąāļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļē "āļ™āļ–āļđāļĢāļēāļĄ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠ" āļŠāļēāļĒāļ§āļąāļĒ 30 āļ›āļĩ āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļđāļ‡āļŠāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļ°āļĢāļģāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠāļāđ‡āļ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠ āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļĨāļąāđˆāļ™āđ„āļāļ›āļ·āļ™ āļŠāļēāļĄāļ™āļąāļ”āļĒāļīāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļœāļēāļ‚āļ™

    āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļ·āļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ·āļ­āļ™ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ...
    "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āļ—āļĢāļļāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē "āđ€āļŪ āļĢāļēāļĄ" (āđ‚āļ­āđ‰ āļžāļĢāļ°āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļē!) āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŠāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļēāļāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”

    āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđƒāļ”āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠ āļˆāļķāļ‡āļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ?
    "āļ™āļ–āļđāļĢāļēāļĄ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠ" āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āļąāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļĢāļēāļĐāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ§āļĒāļąāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ§āļąāļāļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒ (RSS) āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļ§āļēāļˆāļąāļ” āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļļāļŠāļĨāļīāļĄ āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđāļĒāļāļ”āļīāļ™āđāļ”āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™

    āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„ āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļ āļēāļž āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ 550 āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ‚āļāļĢāļ˜āđāļ„āđ‰āļ™

    āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠāļ–āļđāļāļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĻāļēāļĨ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ™ āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļēāļĢāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāđāļ‚āļ§āļ™āļ„āļ­ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 15 āļžāļĪāļĻāļˆāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ™ 2492

    āļšāļļāļĢāļļāļĐāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļāļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ
    "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ "āđ‚āļĄāļŦāļ™āļ—āļēāļŠ āļāļĢāļĄāļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āđŒ āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āđ€āļāļīāļ”āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 2 āļ•āļļāļĨāļēāļ„āļĄ 2412 āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļāļ„āļļāļŠāļĢāļēāļ• āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđ€āļ•āļīāļšāđ‚āļ•āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļąāļ§āļŠāļēāļ§āļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ—āļĄāđ€āļžāļīāļĨ āļĨāļ­āļ™āļ”āļ­āļ™ āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ

    āļ„āđ‰āļ™āļžāļš “āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ” āļšāļ™āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āđāļ­āļŸāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ•āđ‰
    āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒ āđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļŸāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ•āđ‰ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļŦāļĒāļĩāļĒāļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ–āļđāļāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ•āļđāđ‰āļĢāļ–āđ„āļŸāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļļāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡

    āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ” “āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ” (Satyagraha) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡ “āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļķāļ”āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļˆāļˆāļ°” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ “āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļŦāļĨāļąāļ

    āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļˆāļˆāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī
    āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĨāļ”āđāļ­āļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ

    1. āļ­āļŦāļīāļ‡āļŠāļē (Ahimsa) āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡
    āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļāļĨāļĩāļĒāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”

    2. āļŠāļąāļˆāļˆāļ° (Satya) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡
    āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļķāļ”āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ°āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­

    3. āļ•āļšāļ° (Tapasya) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļ—āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĨāļ°
    āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļ­āļ”āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļ—āļļāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļē

    āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ
    āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āđ€āļāļĨāļ·āļ­ (Salt March) āļ›āļĩ 2473
    āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļ™āļģāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āđ‰āļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē 400 āļāļīāđ‚āļĨāđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ€āļāļĨāļ·āļ­ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”

    āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ “āļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ” (Quit India Movement) āļ›āļĩ 2485
    āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āļ–āļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļˆāļēāļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāđ€āļ‚āļē āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ

    āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 15 āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2490 āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āđāļ•āđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļāļĄāļē āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ

    āļĄāļĢāļ”āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļĨāļ
    āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢ āđāļ•āđˆāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļšāļąāļ™āļ”āļēāļĨāđƒāļˆ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™

    ✅ āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāļ™ āļĨāļđāđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ„āļīāļ‡ āļˆāļđāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒ āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļ”āļģāđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē
    ✅ āđ€āļ™āļĨāļŠāļąāļ™ āđāļĄāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĨāļē āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āđāļĒāļāļŠāļĩāļœāļīāļ§ āđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļŸāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ•āđ‰
    ✅ āļ”āļēāđ„āļĨāļĨāļēāļĄāļ° āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļž āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļīāđ€āļšāļ•

    āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļāļąāļšāļšāļ—āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī
    āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĻāļāļ™āļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āđāļ•āđˆāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļšāļąāļ™āļ”āļēāļĨāđƒāļˆ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ

    🌏 āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļ
    🙏 āļ­āļŦāļīāļ‡āļŠāļē āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļ­ āđāļ•āđˆāļ„āļ·āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨāđ‰āļēāļŦāļēāļ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ āļąāļĒ
    ðŸ’Ą āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ

    77 āļ›āļĩ āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ„āļ›... āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ āļēāļž 🕊ïļ

    āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļĄ-āļ­āļąāļ„āļĢāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āđŒ āļ˜āļ™āļąāļ™āļāđŒāļāļīāļ•āļ•āļīāļāļļāļĨ 300857 āļĄ.āļ„. 2568

    #MahatmaGandhi #Gandhi77Years #Satyagraha #āļ­āļŦāļīāļ‡āļŠāļē #āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ #IndiaIndependence #PeaceMovement #QuitIndia #GandhiPhilosophy #GandhiLegacy
    77 āļ›āļĩ āļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢ “āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ” āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜ āļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļļāļāđ€āļšāļīāļāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ” “āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ” “āļ•āļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āļēāļŸāļąāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŸāļąāļ™ āļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļāļĄāļ·āļ”āļšāļ­āļ”” āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļĒāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­ 77 āļ›āļĩ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļē āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 30 āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2491 āļ™āļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļĨāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļĢāļķāļ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­ "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļīāļ•āļ§āļīāļāļāļēāļ“ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āļ–āļđāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ­āļēāļĒāļļ 78 āļ›āļĩ āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāđ€āļ§āļ“āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļīāļĢāļĨāļē āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āļ™āļīāļ§āđ€āļ”āļĨāļĩ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļļāļ”āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ āļēāļž āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ āđ‚āļĻāļāļ™āļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī āļ§āļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 30 āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ 2491 "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ§āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļīāļĢāļĨāļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ§āļ”āļ āļēāļ§āļ™āļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļ—āļļāļāđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™ āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļāļđāļ‡āļŠāļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļēāļĢāļ­āļŸāļąāļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļē "āļ™āļ–āļđāļĢāļēāļĄ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠ" āļŠāļēāļĒāļ§āļąāļĒ 30 āļ›āļĩ āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļđāļ‡āļŠāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļ°āļĢāļģāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠāļāđ‡āļ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠ āļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļĨāļąāđˆāļ™āđ„āļāļ›āļ·āļ™ āļŠāļēāļĄāļ™āļąāļ”āļĒāļīāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļœāļēāļ‚āļ™ āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļ·āļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ·āļ­āļ™ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ... "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āļ—āļĢāļļāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē "āđ€āļŪ āļĢāļēāļĄ" (āđ‚āļ­āđ‰ āļžāļĢāļ°āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļē!) āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŠāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļēāļāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđƒāļ”āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠ āļˆāļķāļ‡āļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ? "āļ™āļ–āļđāļĢāļēāļĄ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠ" āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āļąāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļĢāļēāļĐāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ§āļĒāļąāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ§āļąāļāļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒ (RSS) āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļ§āļēāļˆāļąāļ” āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļļāļŠāļĨāļīāļĄ āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđāļĒāļāļ”āļīāļ™āđāļ”āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļļāļ›āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„ āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļ āļēāļž āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ 550 āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ‚āļāļĢāļ˜āđāļ„āđ‰āļ™ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢ āđ‚āļ„āļ‘āđ€āļŠāļ–āļđāļāļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĻāļēāļĨ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ™ āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļēāļĢāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāđāļ‚āļ§āļ™āļ„āļ­ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 15 āļžāļĪāļĻāļˆāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ™ 2492 āļšāļļāļĢāļļāļĐāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļāļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ "āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ "āđ‚āļĄāļŦāļ™āļ—āļēāļŠ āļāļĢāļĄāļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āđŒ āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ" āđ€āļāļīāļ”āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 2 āļ•āļļāļĨāļēāļ„āļĄ 2412 āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļāļ„āļļāļŠāļĢāļēāļ• āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđ€āļ•āļīāļšāđ‚āļ•āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļąāļ§āļŠāļēāļ§āļŪāļīāļ™āļ”āļđ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ—āļĄāđ€āļžāļīāļĨ āļĨāļ­āļ™āļ”āļ­āļ™ āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āļ„āđ‰āļ™āļžāļš “āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ” āļšāļ™āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āđāļ­āļŸāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ•āđ‰ āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒ āđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļŸāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ•āđ‰ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļŦāļĒāļĩāļĒāļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ–āļđāļāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ•āļđāđ‰āļĢāļ–āđ„āļŸāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļļāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ” “āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ” (Satyagraha) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡ “āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļķāļ”āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļˆāļˆāļ°” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ “āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļˆāļˆāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĨāļ”āđāļ­āļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ 1. āļ­āļŦāļīāļ‡āļŠāļē (Ahimsa) āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļāļĨāļĩāļĒāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ” 2. āļŠāļąāļˆāļˆāļ° (Satya) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļķāļ”āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ°āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ 3. āļ•āļšāļ° (Tapasya) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļ—āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĨāļ° āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļ­āļ”āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļ—āļļāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļē āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āđ€āļāļĨāļ·āļ­ (Salt March) āļ›āļĩ 2473 āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāļ™āļģāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āđ‰āļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļē 400 āļāļīāđ‚āļĨāđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ€āļāļĨāļ·āļ­ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ “āļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ” (Quit India Movement) āļ›āļĩ 2485 āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āļ–āļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļˆāļēāļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāđ€āļ‚āļē āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļ āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 15 āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ 2490 āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐ āđāļ•āđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļāļĄāļē āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āļĄāļĢāļ”āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļĨāļ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢ āđāļ•āđˆāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļšāļąāļ™āļ”āļēāļĨāđƒāļˆ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ ✅ āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāļ™ āļĨāļđāđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ„āļīāļ‡ āļˆāļđāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒ āļ‚āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļ”āļģāđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē ✅ āđ€āļ™āļĨāļŠāļąāļ™ āđāļĄāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĨāļē āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āđāļĒāļāļŠāļĩāļœāļīāļ§ āđƒāļ™āđāļ­āļŸāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ•āđ‰ ✅ āļ”āļēāđ„āļĨāļĨāļēāļĄāļ° āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļž āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļīāđ€āļšāļ• āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļāļąāļšāļšāļ—āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāļĄāļŦāļēāļ•āļĄāļē āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĻāļāļ™āļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āđāļ•āđˆāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļšāļąāļ™āļ”āļēāļĨāđƒāļˆ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ 🌏 āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļ 🙏 āļ­āļŦāļīāļ‡āļŠāļē āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļ­ āđāļ•āđˆāļ„āļ·āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨāđ‰āļēāļŦāļēāļ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ āļąāļĒ ðŸ’Ą āļŠāļąāļ•āļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ 77 āļ›āļĩ āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ„āļ›... āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ™āļ˜āļĩ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ āļēāļž 🕊ïļ āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļĄ-āļ­āļąāļ„āļĢāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āđŒ āļ˜āļ™āļąāļ™āļāđŒāļāļīāļ•āļ•āļīāļāļļāļĨ 300857 āļĄ.āļ„. 2568 #MahatmaGandhi #Gandhi77Years #Satyagraha #āļ­āļŦāļīāļ‡āļŠāļē #āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ #IndiaIndependence #PeaceMovement #QuitIndia #GandhiPhilosophy #GandhiLegacy
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  • āļĄāļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒ āļŠāļēāļ„āļēāđ‚āļĢāļ§āļē āđ‚āļ†āļĐāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĢāļąāļŠāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ–āļēāļāļ–āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20āļĄ.āļ„.) āļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 2 āđ€āļžāļĻ āļ„āļ·āļ­ "āļŠāļēāļĒ" āđāļĨāļ° "āļŦāļāļīāļ‡" āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ™āđ€āļžāļĻāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ LGBTQ+ āļŠāļĩāđ‰āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ„āļ§āļĢāļ–āļđāļāļŠāļ­āļšāļŠāļ§āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāļ™āļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ›āļĨāļ­āļĄāđ†āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļēāļ™āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩ
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    āļŠāļēāļ„āļēāđ‚āļĢāļ§āļē āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāļĢ(21āļĄ.āļ„.) āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļŦāļĄāļēāļ”āđ† āļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļžāļĻ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ "āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ āļēāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ DEI)" āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļēāļ‡
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    "āļ„āļļāļ“āļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļē āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđāļ„āđˆāđ„āļŦāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĨāđˆāļĄāļˆāļĄāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ§āļšāļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĢāļ°āļ™āļĩāđ‰" āļŠāļēāļ„āļēāđ‚āļĢāļ§āļēāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļšāļ™āđ€āļ—āđ€āļĨāđāļāļĢāļĄ "āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŦāļĄāļ·āđˆāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļŠāļ™āļ„āļ™āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ—āļģāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļ”āļĩ āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļšāļĩāļšāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļ­āļ§āļąāļĒāļ§āļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļąāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ­āļ§āļąāļĒāļ§āļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ"
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    āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļąāļšāļŠāļđāđˆāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢ 78 āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒ āđ‚āļˆ āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ„āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™ āđƒāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļšāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļāļĒāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļĻ
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    āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ§āļĨāļē 60 āļ§āļąāļ™ āļ™āļąāļšāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ "āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ āļēāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™"
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    āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ™āļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20āļĄ.āļ„.) āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļĒāļąāļ”āđ€āļĒāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļ āļēāļž āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ—āļļāļāđāļ‡āđˆāļĄāļļāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ–āļĩāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļšāļāļ§āđˆāļē "“āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđāļ„āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļ•āđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļī (merit-based)"
    .
    āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļšāļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 2 āđ€āļžāļĻ "āļ™āļąāđˆāļ™āļāđ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŦāļāļīāļ‡"
    .
    āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ›āļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ‡āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ‚āļĄāļ• “āļ­āļļāļ”āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļžāļĻ” (gender ideology) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļģāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļĄāļąāļāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ”āđ† āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāđ€āļžāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāđāļšāļšāļ”āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ (non-traditional) āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™ LGBTQ āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ—āļ­āļ™āļ„āļļāļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ
    .
    āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ āļēāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ‚āļ§āļĒāļ§āļēāļĒāļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļ”āđ†āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰
    .
    āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāđ€āļ•āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ DEI āļĢāļ§āļĄāđ„āļ›āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļĻ āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļēāļāļĨāļģāļšāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļ”āđ€āļ‹āļēāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ­āļ„āļ•āļīāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļĄāļēāļ™āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļĻāļ§āļĢāļĢāļĐ
    .
    āļšāļēāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— āđƒāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡ āļ§āļ­āļĨāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ— āļ™āļēāļĒāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ–āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ DEI āđ„āļ›āļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļŠāļ™āļ°āļĻāļķāļāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļžāļĪāļĻāļˆāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ•āļē āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ†āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļĒāļļāļšāđāļœāļ™āļ DEI āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ› āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđāļĄāđ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļāđ‡āļĨāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡
    .
    āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ„āļ­āļŠāļ•āđŒāđ‚āļ āđāļĨāļ° āđāļ­āļ›āđ€āļ›āļīāļĨ āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ
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    āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ..https://sondhitalk.com/detail/9680000006631
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    Sondhi X
    āļĄāļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒ āļŠāļēāļ„āļēāđ‚āļĢāļ§āļē āđ‚āļ†āļĐāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĢāļąāļŠāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ–āļēāļāļ–āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20āļĄ.āļ„.) āļ§āđˆāļēāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 2 āđ€āļžāļĻ āļ„āļ·āļ­ "āļŠāļēāļĒ" āđāļĨāļ° "āļŦāļāļīāļ‡" āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ™āđ€āļžāļĻāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ LGBTQ+ āļŠāļĩāđ‰āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ„āļ§āļĢāļ–āļđāļāļŠāļ­āļšāļŠāļ§āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāļ™āļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ›āļĨāļ­āļĄāđ†āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļēāļ™āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩ . āļŠāļēāļ„āļēāđ‚āļĢāļ§āļē āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāļĢ(21āļĄ.āļ„.) āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļŦāļĄāļēāļ”āđ† āļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļžāļĻ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ "āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ āļēāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ DEI)" āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļēāļ‡ . "āļ„āļļāļ“āļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļē āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđāļ„āđˆāđ„āļŦāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĨāđˆāļĄāļˆāļĄāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ§āļšāļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĢāļ°āļ™āļĩāđ‰" āļŠāļēāļ„āļēāđ‚āļĢāļ§āļēāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļšāļ™āđ€āļ—āđ€āļĨāđāļāļĢāļĄ "āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŦāļĄāļ·āđˆāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļŠāļ™āļ„āļ™āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ—āļģāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļ”āļĩ āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļšāļĩāļšāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļ­āļ§āļąāļĒāļ§āļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļąāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ­āļ§āļąāļĒāļ§āļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ" . āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļąāļšāļŠāļđāđˆāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢ 78 āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒ āđ‚āļˆ āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ„āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™ āđƒāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļšāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļāļĒāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļĻ . āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ§āļĨāļē 60 āļ§āļąāļ™ āļ™āļąāļšāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ "āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ āļēāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™" . āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ™āļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20āļĄ.āļ„.) āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļĒāļąāļ”āđ€āļĒāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļ āļēāļž āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ—āļļāļāđāļ‡āđˆāļĄāļļāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ–āļĩāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļšāļāļ§āđˆāļē "“āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđāļ„āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļ•āđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļī (merit-based)" . āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļšāļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 2 āđ€āļžāļĻ "āļ™āļąāđˆāļ™āļāđ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŦāļāļīāļ‡" . āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ›āļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ‡āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ‚āļĄāļ• “āļ­āļļāļ”āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļžāļĻ” (gender ideology) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļģāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļĄāļąāļāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđƒāļ”āđ† āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāđ€āļžāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāđāļšāļšāļ”āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ (non-traditional) āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™ LGBTQ āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļ—āļ­āļ™āļ„āļļāļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ . āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ āļēāļ„ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ‚āļ§āļĒāļ§āļēāļĒāļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļ”āđ†āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ . āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāđ€āļ•āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ DEI āļĢāļ§āļĄāđ„āļ›āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļĻ āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļēāļāļĨāļģāļšāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļ”āđ€āļ‹āļēāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ­āļ„āļ•āļīāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļĄāļēāļ™āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļĻāļ§āļĢāļĢāļĐ . āļšāļēāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— āđƒāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡ āļ§āļ­āļĨāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ— āļ™āļēāļĒāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ–āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ DEI āđ„āļ›āļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļŠāļ™āļ°āļĻāļķāļāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļžāļĪāļĻāļˆāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ•āļē āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđ†āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļĒāļļāļšāđāļœāļ™āļ DEI āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ› āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđāļĄāđ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļāđ‡āļĨāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡ . āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ„āļ­āļŠāļ•āđŒāđ‚āļ āđāļĨāļ° āđāļ­āļ›āđ€āļ›āļīāļĨ āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ . āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ..https://sondhitalk.com/detail/9680000006631 .............. 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  • āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§!!
    āļžāļĨāđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ­āļāļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļĨāļīāļ™āļ”āļē āļŸāļēāđāļāļ™ (Linda Fagan) āļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļąāļāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĨāđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ­āļāļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļĩāđˆāļ”āļēāļ§āļ„āļ™āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļ āļ–āļđāļāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĨāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļēāđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ DEI āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ›
    DEI :
    D- Diversity (āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ)
    E- Equity (āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ)
    I- Inclusion (āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™)
    .
    āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļšāļ‚āļēāļ§āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ :
    - āđ‚āļŪāđ€āļ‹ āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĢāļŠ (Jose Andres) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļāļĩāļŽāļē āļŸāļīāļ•āđ€āļ™āļŠ āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ āļŠāļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ (President’s Council on Sports, Fitness and Nutrition)
    - āļžāļĨ.āļ­.āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ āļĄāļīāļĨāļĨāļĩāļĒāđŒ (Mark Milley) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī (the National Infrastructure Advisory Council)
    - āđ„āļšāļĢāļ­āļąāļ™ āļŪāļļāļ (Brian Hook) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ§āļīāļĨāļŠāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢ (the Wilson Center for Scholars)
    - āļ„āļĩāļŠāļē āđāļĨāļ™āļ‹āđŒ āļšāļ­āļ•āļ—āļ­āļĄāļŠāđŒ (Keisha Lance Bottoms) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ (the President’s Export Council)
    āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§!! āļžāļĨāđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ­āļāļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļĨāļīāļ™āļ”āļē āļŸāļēāđāļāļ™ (Linda Fagan) āļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļąāļāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĨāđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ­āļāļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļĩāđˆāļ”āļēāļ§āļ„āļ™āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļ āļ–āļđāļāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĨāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĒāđāļ”āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļēāđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ DEI āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› DEI : D- Diversity (āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ) E- Equity (āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ) I- Inclusion (āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™) . āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļšāļ‚āļēāļ§āļ­āļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āđ„āļĨāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ : - āđ‚āļŪāđ€āļ‹ āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĢāļŠ (Jose Andres) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļāļĩāļŽāļē āļŸāļīāļ•āđ€āļ™āļŠ āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ āļŠāļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ (President’s Council on Sports, Fitness and Nutrition) - āļžāļĨ.āļ­.āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ āļĄāļīāļĨāļĨāļĩāļĒāđŒ (Mark Milley) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī (the National Infrastructure Advisory Council) - āđ„āļšāļĢāļ­āļąāļ™ āļŪāļļāļ (Brian Hook) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ§āļīāļĨāļŠāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢ (the Wilson Center for Scholars) - āļ„āļĩāļŠāļē āđāļĨāļ™āļ‹āđŒ āļšāļ­āļ•āļ—āļ­āļĄāļŠāđŒ (Keisha Lance Bottoms) āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ (the President’s Export Council)
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  • āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ„āļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 47 āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļĢāļģāļĨāļķāļāļŠāļēāļ˜āļļāļ„āļļāļ“ āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāļ™ āļĨāļđāđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ„āļīāļ‡ āļˆāļđāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒ (MLK) āļŸāļļāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļĄāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ‰āļļāļāđ€āļ‰āļīāļ™āļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ•āđ‰ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ‚āļļāļ”āļŦāļēāļ™āđ‰āļģāļĄāļąāļ™ āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļāļ‹āļīāđ‚āļ āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļĒāļķāļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļēāđāļ™āđˆ āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļĒāļļāļ„ LGBTQ āļĢāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ Proud Boys āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļšāļļāļāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļ āļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 6 āļĄ.āļ„ 2021 āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‰āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļŠāļšāļ™āļ–āļ™āļ™āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļļāļ‡ āļ”āļĩāļ‹āļĩāļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20 āļĄ.āļ„)
    .
    āđ€āļ­āļžāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20 āļĄ.āļ„) āļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 47 āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20)āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļ­āļŦāđŒāļ™ āđ‚āļĢāđ€āļšāļīāļĢāđŒāļ• āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļģāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āđ€āļˆāļ”āļĩ. āđāļ§āļ™āļ‹āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāļēāļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļšāļĢāļ•āļ•āđŒ āļ„āļēāļ§āļēāļ™āļ­āļŦāđŒ ( Brett Kavanaug)āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļģāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩ
    .
    āđ€āļ­āļžāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļĄāļĩāđ€āļŪāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ›āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 1 āļĨāļģāļˆāļ­āļ”āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ™āļ­āļāļŠāļ āļēāļœāļđāđ‰āđāļ—āļ™āļĢāļēāļĐāļŽāļĢāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģāļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđ‚āļˆ āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļŠāļļāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļ•āļĢāļĩāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĨāļ‚ 1 āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļīāļĨ āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ„āļ›āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™
    .
    āļ āļēāļžāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ„āļ§āļ—āđŒāļ‹āļđāļžāļĢāļĩāļĄāļēāļ‹āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒ Proud Boys āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļŠāļšāļ™āļ–āļ™āļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āļ§āļ­āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ™ āļ”āļĩāļ‹āļĩ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđ‚āļŠāļ§āđŒāļ›āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŸāļēāļĢāđŒāļŠāļ‹āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™
    .
    āđ€āļ­āļžāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒ 2 āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļ„āļĒāļžāļđāļ”āļŦāļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļšāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ—āļĩ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ‰āļļāļāđ€āļ‰āļīāļ™āļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ•āđ‰āļ•āļīāļ”āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļāļ‹āļīāđ‚āļāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē āļžāļ§āļāļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļœāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļšāļģāļšāļąāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļīāļ•
    .
    āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļĒāļļāļ•āļī āļāļŽāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļĢāļ–āļĒāļ™āļ•āđŒāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē
    .
    āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 47 āļĒāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē “ āļĒāļļāļ„āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰” āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļ§āļ·āļ­āļŦāļ§āļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļąāļšāļ•āļēāđ„āļ›āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ āļēāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļ˜āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ„āļ›āļ›āļąāļāļšāļ™āļ”āļēāļ§āļ­āļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļąāļ™ āļ­āļĩāļĨāļ­āļ™ āļĄāļąāļŠāļāđŒ āļŠāļđāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ
    .
    āļšāļĩāļšāļĩāļ‹āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļšāļšāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ—āļĩāļŦāļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģ “āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē” āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ­āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ­āļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē “āļˆāļĩāļ™”āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē
    .
    “āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļ­āļšāļĄāļąāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļˆāļĩāļ™ āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđˆāļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļĄāļąāļ™āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļē” āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§
    .
    āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ”āļ­āļ°āļāļēāļĢāđŒāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāđ‰āļģāļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ§āļīāļĨāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļĄ āđāļĄāđ‡āļ„āļ„āļīāļ™āļĨāļĩāļĒāđŒ (William McKinley) āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĩ 1897 – āļ›āļĩ 1901 āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĢāđˆāļģāļĢāļ§āļĒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļ­āļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ āļ—āļĩāđ‚āļ­āļ”āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ‚āļĢāđ€āļ‹āļ­āđ€āļ§āļĨāļ•āđŒ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē
    .
    āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāđ‰āļģāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļļāļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ„āļ›āļ­āļĩāļ38,000 āļ„āļ™
    .
    āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļžāļšāđāļĄāđ‡āļ„āļ„āļīāļ™āļĨāļĩāļĒāđŒāļ–āļđāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 6 āļ.āļĒ āļ›āļĩ 1901 āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļ™āļžāļīāļĐāļšāļēāļ”āđāļœāļĨāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļŦāļ§āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĄāļē āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļ™āļ§āļāļŪāļēāļ§āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĄāļĨāļĢāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĩ 1989
    .
    āđ‚āļžāļĨāļīāļ•āļīāđ‚āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđ‚āļˆāļĄāļ•āļĩāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ
    .
    āđ‚āļžāļĨāļīāļ•āļīāđ‚āļāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđ€āļĢāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļāļĩāđˆāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āļąāđˆāļ‡āļŸāļąāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļˆāļ°āļ­āļ­āļāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģ 'āļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļ™āļķāļ' āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ common sense āļāļĨāļąāļšāļ„āļ·āļ™āļĄāļē
    .
    āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļŪāļīāļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāļĩ āļ„āļĨāļīāļ™āļ•āļąāļ™ āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļēāļĒāļŦāļąāļ§āđ„āļ›āļĄāļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļĩāļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ āļšāļīāļĨ āļ„āļĨāļīāļ™āļ•āļąāļ™ āļ„āļļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļ‹āļīāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļđāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļąāļ§āđ€āļĢāļēāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļŽāļīāļāļēāļ“āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļāļ‹āļīāđ‚āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ “āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē”
    .
    āļšāļĩāļšāļĩāļ‹āļĩāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē “āļ‚āļļāļ” āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļ āļ‚āļļāļ”” (Drill baby drill) āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ™āđ‰āļģāļĄāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđŠāļŠāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļ “āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļąāļ™”
    .
    āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāđ€āļ‚āļēāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļē āļĒāļļāļ„āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļąāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ°āđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒāļŠāđ„āļĨāļ”āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē” āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļąāļ™āļŠāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§”
    .
    “āļœāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļžāļ§āļāļ„āļļāļ“āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļˆāļ°āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģ āđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ””
    .
    āđ€āļ‚āļēāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄ “āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĨāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ§ āļ™āļąāļšāļˆāļēāļāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļĄāļĩāļ­āļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠ”
    .
    āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļ°āļ›āļĢāļēāļĻāļˆāļēāļāļŠāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļžāļĻāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ DEI (Diversity, equity, and inclusion) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ›āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĄāļĩāđāļ„āđˆ 2 āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ° āđ€āļžāļĻāļŦāļāļīāļ‡
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    āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ„āļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 47 āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļĢāļģāļĨāļķāļāļŠāļēāļ˜āļļāļ„āļļāļ“ āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāļ™ āļĨāļđāđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ„āļīāļ‡ āļˆāļđāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĢāđŒ (MLK) āļŸāļļāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļĄāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ‰āļļāļāđ€āļ‰āļīāļ™āļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ•āđ‰ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ‚āļļāļ”āļŦāļēāļ™āđ‰āļģāļĄāļąāļ™ āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļāļ‹āļīāđ‚āļ āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļĒāļķāļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļēāđāļ™āđˆ āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļĒāļļāļ„ LGBTQ āļĢāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ Proud Boys āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļšāļļāļāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļ āļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 6 āļĄ.āļ„ 2021 āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‰āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļŠāļšāļ™āļ–āļ™āļ™āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļļāļ‡ āļ”āļĩāļ‹āļĩāļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20 āļĄ.āļ„) . āđ€āļ­āļžāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20 āļĄ.āļ„) āļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 47 āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļˆāļąāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ(20)āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļ­āļŦāđŒāļ™ āđ‚āļĢāđ€āļšāļīāļĢāđŒāļ• āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļģāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āđ€āļˆāļ”āļĩ. āđāļ§āļ™āļ‹āđŒ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāļēāļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļšāļĢāļ•āļ•āđŒ āļ„āļēāļ§āļēāļ™āļ­āļŦāđŒ ( Brett Kavanaug)āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļģāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩ . āđ€āļ­āļžāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļĄāļĩāđ€āļŪāļĨāļīāļ„āļ­āļ›āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 1 āļĨāļģāļˆāļ­āļ”āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ™āļ­āļāļŠāļ āļēāļœāļđāđ‰āđāļ—āļ™āļĢāļēāļĐāļŽāļĢāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģāļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđ‚āļˆ āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļŠāļļāļ āļēāļžāļŠāļ•āļĢāļĩāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĨāļ‚ 1 āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļˆāļīāļĨ āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ„āļ›āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™ . āļ āļēāļžāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ„āļ§āļ—āđŒāļ‹āļđāļžāļĢāļĩāļĄāļēāļ‹āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒ Proud Boys āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļŠāļšāļ™āļ–āļ™āļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āļ§āļ­āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ™ āļ”āļĩāļ‹āļĩ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđ‚āļŠāļ§āđŒāļ›āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŸāļēāļĢāđŒāļŠāļ‹āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļēāļšāļēāļ™āļ•āļ™ . āđ€āļ­āļžāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒ 2 āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļ„āļĒāļžāļđāļ”āļŦāļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļšāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ—āļĩ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ‰āļļāļāđ€āļ‰āļīāļ™āļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™āđƒāļ•āđ‰āļ•āļīāļ”āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļāļ‹āļīāđ‚āļāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē āļžāļ§āļāļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļœāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļšāļģāļšāļąāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļīāļ• . āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļĒāļļāļ•āļī āļāļŽāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļĢāļ–āļĒāļ™āļ•āđŒāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē . āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 47 āļĒāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē “ āļĒāļļāļ„āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰” āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļ§āļ·āļ­āļŦāļ§āļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļąāļšāļ•āļēāđ„āļ›āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ āļēāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļ˜āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ„āļ›āļ›āļąāļāļšāļ™āļ”āļēāļ§āļ­āļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļžāļąāļ™āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļąāļ™ āļ­āļĩāļĨāļ­āļ™ āļĄāļąāļŠāļāđŒ āļŠāļđāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ . āļšāļĩāļšāļĩāļ‹āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļšāļšāļ™āđ€āļ§āļ—āļĩāļŦāļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģ “āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē” āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ­āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ­āļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē “āļˆāļĩāļ™”āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē . “āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļ­āļšāļĄāļąāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļˆāļĩāļ™ āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđˆāļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļĄāļąāļ™āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļē” āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ . āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ”āļ­āļ°āļāļēāļĢāđŒāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāđ‰āļģāļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļ§āļīāļĨāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļĄ āđāļĄāđ‡āļ„āļ„āļīāļ™āļĨāļĩāļĒāđŒ (William McKinley) āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĩ 1897 – āļ›āļĩ 1901 āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĢāđˆāļģāļĢāļ§āļĒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļ­āļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ āļ—āļĩāđ‚āļ­āļ”āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ‚āļĢāđ€āļ‹āļ­āđ€āļ§āļĨāļ•āđŒ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļē . āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļĒāđ‰āļģāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļļāļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļēāļ™āļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ„āļ›āļ­āļĩāļ38,000 āļ„āļ™ . āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļžāļšāđāļĄāđ‡āļ„āļ„āļīāļ™āļĨāļĩāļĒāđŒāļ–āļđāļāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 6 āļ.āļĒ āļ›āļĩ 1901 āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļ™āļžāļīāļĐāļšāļēāļ”āđāļœāļĨāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļŦāļ§āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĄāļē āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļ™āļ§āļāļŪāļēāļ§āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĄāļĨāļĢāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĩ 1989 . āđ‚āļžāļĨāļīāļ•āļīāđ‚āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āđ‚āļˆāļĄāļ•āļĩāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ . āđ‚āļžāļĨāļīāļ•āļīāđ‚āļāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđ„āļšāđ€āļ”āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđ€āļĢāļēāļ°āļāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļāļĩāđˆāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āļąāđˆāļ‡āļŸāļąāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļˆāļ°āļ­āļ­āļāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļģ 'āļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļ™āļķāļ' āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ common sense āļāļĨāļąāļšāļ„āļ·āļ™āļĄāļē . āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āļŪāļīāļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāļĩ āļ„āļĨāļīāļ™āļ•āļąāļ™ āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļēāļĒāļŦāļąāļ§āđ„āļ›āļĄāļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļĩāļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™āļēāļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ āļšāļīāļĨ āļ„āļĨāļīāļ™āļ•āļąāļ™ āļ„āļļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļ‹āļīāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļđāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļąāļ§āđ€āļĢāļēāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļŽāļīāļāļēāļ“āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļĄāđ‡āļāļ‹āļīāđ‚āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ “āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē” . āļšāļĩāļšāļĩāļ‹āļĩāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē “āļ‚āļļāļ” āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļ āļ‚āļļāļ”” (Drill baby drill) āļ—āđˆāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļšāļĄāļ·āļ­ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ™āđ‰āļģāļĄāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđŠāļŠāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļ “āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļąāļ™” . āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāđ€āļ‚āļēāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļē āļĒāļļāļ„āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļąāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ°āđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒāļŠāđ„āļĨāļ”āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē” āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļąāļ™āļŠāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§” . “āļœāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļžāļ§āļāļ„āļļāļ“āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļļāļ“āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļˆāļ°āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģ āđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”” . āđ€āļ‚āļēāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄ “āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĨāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ§ āļ™āļąāļšāļˆāļēāļāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļĄāļĩāļ­āļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠ” . āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļ°āļ›āļĢāļēāļĻāļˆāļēāļāļŠāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļžāļĻāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ DEI (Diversity, equity, and inclusion) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āļĄāļēāļāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ›āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĄāļĩāđāļ„āđˆ 2 āđ€āļžāļĻāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ° āđ€āļžāļĻāļŦāļāļīāļ‡ . āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ..https://sondhitalk.com/detail/9680000006231 .............. Sondhi X
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  • āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ Ep.88 : Affirmative Action

    āļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāđ€āļāļĢāđ‡āļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ†āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđ†āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Affirmative Action āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļēāļ„āļĢāļąāļš

    āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ™āļđāđ‰āļ™ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĒāļļāļ„āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ›āļĩ 1950 āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ (āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ “āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē”) āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ„āļĢāļąāļš āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļēāļ”āđāļ„āļĨāļĨāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĄāļēāļ āļāđ‡āđ€āļĨāļĒāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē

    āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāļĄāļēāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļ“āļ‘āļĨāļŸāļđāđ€āļˆāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļ‡āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāļĄāļēāļāđ‡āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļ­āļĒāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāļš

    āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļšāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļāļāđ‡āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļģāđ‚āļ™āđˆāļ™āļ—āļģāļ™āļĩāđˆ āđāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ†āđ„āļ›āļāđ‡āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļģāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļĒāļąāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™

    āļ™āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ·āļ­āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ„āļēāļšāļŠāļĄāļļāļ—āļĢāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāļēāļ§āđ† 10% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ

    āļ„āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™

    āļ—āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļžāļ­āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļĩ 1957 āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļ„āļ·āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāđ€āļāļ·āļ­āļš 100%

    āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ„āļ·āļ­ 99% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļĄāļĩāđāļ•āđˆāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™

    āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĄāļĩāđāļ„āđˆ 1%

    āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē STEM āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļāđ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĄāļĩāđāļ•āđˆāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ­āļąāļ™āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļ‡āļ­āļāļ‡āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ†āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļķāļ‡ 20%

    āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļāļĨāļĩāļĒāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĄāļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™
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    āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 1960 āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļˆāļķāļ‡āļ”āļģāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē Affirmative Action āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ—āļļāļāļ§āļīāļ–āļĩāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰

    āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļ

    āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļ„āļŠāļļāļ”āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ”āļīāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”

    āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ

    āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāđˆāļ‡āđ†āļŦāļąāļ§āļ”āļĩāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ–āļ­āļ”āđƒāļˆāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāđ„āļ›āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ›āđāļ—āļ™ āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ

    āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđŒāđāļĒāļāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđŒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļ‡āļ­āļāļ‡āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĄāļēāļ

    (āļ–āđ‰āļēāļˆāļ°āļžāļđāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ‚āļąāļšāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ™āļēāļĒāļĨāļĩ āļāļ§āļ™ āļĒāļđāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđŒāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ„āļĢāļąāļš)

    āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļœāļĨāļ”āļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡ āļŠāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļš

    āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļģāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĄāļē
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    āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĨāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ„āļ› 60 āļ›āļĩ Affirmative Action āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī

    āļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Affirmative Action āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĄāļĩāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡

    āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ

    āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™

    āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļĢāļąāļ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļĢāļąāļš āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđāļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ™āļąāļāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ 2 āļ„āļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāļš

    āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ 100 āļ„āļ™ āļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĢāļēāļ§āđ† 70% āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™ 20% āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ 8% āļ„āļĢāļąāļš

    āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2022 āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰ 100 āļšāļēāļ— āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰ 70 āļšāļēāļ— āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļ§āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ 87 āļšāļēāļ—

    āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āđˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ
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    āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļĄāļĒāļāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ Affirmative Action āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ–āļāđ€āļ–āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļāļĄāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļī (Discrimination) āļ„āļĢāļąāļš

    āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđƒāļ”āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐ

    āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđ†āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĨāļ­āļāđ„āļ­āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 1960 āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļ˜āļ™.āļˆāļ­āļŦāđŒāļ™ āđ€āļ­āļŸ āđ€āļ„āļ™āđ€āļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰ āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ„āļ™āļ”āļģāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡

    āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļ­āļēāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļŠāļ­āļšāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļāļąāļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđ†āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļ‚āļēāļ§āļŠāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļēāļ”āļĨāļ­āļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāđˆāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ

    āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļˆāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāđˆāļ‡āļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļąāļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ

    āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāđ‡āđ€āļ­āļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāđ†āļāļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ DEI (Diversity, Equity and Inclusion) āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ

    āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļļāļāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”

    āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ DEI āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļē āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ–āļđāļāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļĨāļąāļšāļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļ­āđ‰āļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‡āļ­āļ°āđ†āļ‡āļąāđˆāļ™āđ†āļ—āļģāļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļĒāļ·āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ†āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ

    āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ—āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļąāļ™āļˆāļķāļ‡āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āļąāļ§āļĢāđŒāđ„āļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē “DEI āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļāļĩāļĄāļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–”
    .
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    āļœāļĄāļ™āļąāđˆāļ‡āļ”āļđāđ†āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļāđ‡āļšāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ 2 āļāļąāđˆāļ‡

    āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ„āļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļšāļēāļ‡āđ€āļœāđˆāļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļ§āđˆāļē āļ–āđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ‚āļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļāđ‡āđāļ—āļšāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļĨāļĒ

    āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļœāļĄāļāđ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ„āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āļ”āļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ§āđˆāļē āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āļĩ āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāđāļžāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡

    āļŦāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 100% āļāļąāļšāļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāļēāļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ “āļ‹āļēāļ™āļ”āļĢāđ‰āļē āđ€āļ”āļĒāđŒ āđ‚āļ­āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒ”

    āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē “Race-conscious admissions policies must be limited in time. The court expects that 25 years from now, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary"

    "āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ”āļđāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļāļĢāļ­āļšāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļĻāļēāļĨāļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļĩāļ 25 āļ›āļĩāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ›āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĄāļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›“

    āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļķāļāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2003 āļ„āļĢāļąāļš

    āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒāļžāļđāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē “āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļĨāļąāļ”āļĄāļēāļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļŸāļĢāđŒāđ†āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļ„āļ™āļžāļ§āļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļˆāļ°āļšāļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļē ”āļ‰āļąāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ“

    …āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļĨāļĒāļāđ‡āļ™āđˆāļēāļŠāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĢ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĄāļēāļāđ„āļ›āļāđ‡āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļ­…

    āļ āļēāļžāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļāļąāļšāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļ§āļĒāļ”āļĩāļāđ‡āđ€āļĨāļĒāđ‚āļžāļŠāļ—āđŒāđ„āļ›āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 😉


    āļ™āļąāļ—āđāļ™āļ°
    āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ Ep.88 : Affirmative Action āļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāđ€āļāļĢāđ‡āļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ†āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđ†āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš Affirmative Action āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļēāļ„āļĢāļąāļš āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ™āļđāđ‰āļ™ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĒāļļāļ„āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ›āļĩ 1950 āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ (āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ “āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē”) āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ„āļĢāļąāļš āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļēāļ”āđāļ„āļĨāļĨāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĄāļēāļ āļāđ‡āđ€āļĨāļĒāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļžāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāļĄāļēāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļ“āļ‘āļĨāļŸāļđāđ€āļˆāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļ‡āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļžāļĒāļžāļĄāļēāļāđ‡āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļ”āļ­āļĒāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļšāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļāļāđ‡āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļģāđ‚āļ™āđˆāļ™āļ—āļģāļ™āļĩāđˆ āđāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ†āđ„āļ›āļāđ‡āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļģāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ”āļĩāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļĒāļąāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ™āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ·āļ­āļˆāļļāļ”āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ„āļēāļšāļŠāļĄāļļāļ—āļĢāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāļēāļ§āđ† 10% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ āļ„āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļēāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ—āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļžāļ­āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļĩ 1957 āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāļ„āļ·āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļē āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāđ€āļāļ·āļ­āļš 100% āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ„āļ·āļ­ 99% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļĄāļĩāđāļ•āđˆāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™ āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĄāļĩāđāļ„āđˆ 1% āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē STEM āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļāđ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļšāļšāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĄāļĩāđāļ•āđˆāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ­āļąāļ™āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļ‡āļ­āļāļ‡āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ†āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļķāļ‡ 20% āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļāļĨāļĩāļĒāļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĄāļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ . . . āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 1960 āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļˆāļķāļ‡āļ”āļģāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē Affirmative Action āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ—āļļāļāļ§āļīāļ–āļĩāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļ„āļŠāļļāļ”āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ”āļīāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāđˆāļ‡āđ†āļŦāļąāļ§āļ”āļĩāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ–āļ­āļ”āđƒāļˆāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāđ„āļ›āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ›āđāļ—āļ™ āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđŒāđāļĒāļāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđŒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļ‡āļ­āļāļ‡āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĄāļēāļ (āļ–āđ‰āļēāļˆāļ°āļžāļđāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ„āļ·āļ­ āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ‚āļąāļšāđ„āļĨāđˆāļ™āļēāļĒāļĨāļĩ āļāļ§āļ™ āļĒāļđāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđŒāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ„āļĢāļąāļš) āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļœāļĨāļ”āļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡ āļŠāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļš āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļģāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĄāļē . . . āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĨāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđ„āļ› 60 āļ›āļĩ Affirmative Action āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Affirmative Action āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĄāļĩāļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ„āļ™āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļĢāļąāļ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļ”āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļĢāļąāļš āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđāļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ™āļąāļāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ 2 āļ„āļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ 100 āļ„āļ™ āļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĢāļēāļ§āđ† 70% āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™ 20% āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ 8% āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2022 āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰ 100 āļšāļēāļ— āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰ 70 āļšāļēāļ— āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļ§āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ 87 āļšāļēāļ— āļŠāļēāļ§āļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āđˆāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒ āđāļĄāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ . . . āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļĄāļĒāļāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ Affirmative Action āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ–āļāđ€āļ–āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļāļĄāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļī (Discrimination) āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđƒāļ”āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐ āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđ†āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĨāļ­āļāđ„āļ­āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 1960 āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļ˜āļ™.āļˆāļ­āļŦāđŒāļ™ āđ€āļ­āļŸ āđ€āļ„āļ™āđ€āļ™āļ”āļĩāđ‰ āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ„āļ™āļ”āļģāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāļēāļāđ€āļ­āļēāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļŠāļ­āļšāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļāļąāļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđ†āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļœāļīāļ§āļ‚āļēāļ§āļŠāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļēāļ”āļĨāļ­āļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāđˆāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđ āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļˆāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāđˆāļ‡āļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļąāļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāđ‡āđ€āļ­āļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāđ†āļāļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļĩāļāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ DEI (Diversity, Equity and Inclusion) āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļļāļāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ DEI āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļē āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒāļ–āļđāļāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļĨāļ­āļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļŦāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļĨāļąāļšāļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļ­āđ‰āļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‡āļ­āļ°āđ†āļ‡āļąāđˆāļ™āđ†āļ—āļģāļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļĒāļ·āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ†āļ—āļĢāļąāļĄāļ›āđŒ āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ—āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļąāļ™āļˆāļķāļ‡āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āļąāļ§āļĢāđŒāđ„āļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē “DEI āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļāļĩāļĄāļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–” . . . āļœāļĄāļ™āļąāđˆāļ‡āļ”āļđāđ†āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļāđ‡āļšāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ 2 āļāļąāđˆāļ‡ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ„āļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļšāļēāļ‡āđ€āļœāđˆāļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļ§āđˆāļē āļ–āđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ‚āļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļāđ‡āđāļ—āļšāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļĨāļĒ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļœāļĄāļāđ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļ„āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āļ”āļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āđ€āļāđˆāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ§āđˆāļē āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āļĩ āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāđāļžāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ‚āļ„āļ§āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļŦāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 100% āļāļąāļšāļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāļēāļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ “āļ‹āļēāļ™āļ”āļĢāđ‰āļē āđ€āļ”āļĒāđŒ āđ‚āļ­āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒ” āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ§āđˆāļē “Race-conscious admissions policies must be limited in time. The court expects that 25 years from now, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary" "āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ”āļđāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļāļĢāļ­āļšāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļĻāļēāļĨāļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļĩāļ 25 āļ›āļĩāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ›āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĄāļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›“ āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļķāļāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2003 āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĒāļžāļđāļ”āļ§āđˆāļē “āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļĨāļąāļ”āļĄāļēāļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļŸāļĢāđŒāđ†āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļ„āļ™āļžāļ§āļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āļˆāļ°āļšāļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļē ”āļ‰āļąāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ“ …āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļĨāļĒāļāđ‡āļ™āđˆāļēāļŠāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĢ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĄāļēāļāđ„āļ›āļāđ‡āļ­āđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļ­… āļ āļēāļžāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļāļąāļšāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāļš āļœāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļ§āļĒāļ”āļĩāļāđ‡āđ€āļĨāļĒāđ‚āļžāļŠāļ—āđŒāđ„āļ›āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 😉 āļ™āļąāļ—āđāļ™āļ°
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  • āļšāļ—āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ: āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļš āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰

    💔 āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļšāļ„āļ·āļ­āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđ„āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒ?
    āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļš (Coronary Artery Disease) āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ„ (plaque) āđƒāļ™āļœāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđāļ”āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ›āđ€āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āļ•āļĩāļšāđāļ„āļšāļĨāļ‡ āļˆāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ„āļŦāļĨāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›āđ€āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļžāļ­ āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļšāļšāđˆāļ­āļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļšāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ­āļ (Angina) āļŦāļēāļĒāđƒāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļīāđˆāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ­āļēāļˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ§āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļēāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩ

    🍎 āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰
    1. āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļ™: āļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āļ­āļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļ­āļ” āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāđāļ›āļĢāļĢāļđāļ› āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ§āļēāļ™ āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļœāļąāļ āļœāļĨāđ„āļĄāđ‰ āļ˜āļąāļāļžāļ·āļŠāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđ€āļĄāļĨāđ‡āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļžāļ·āļŠ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ–āļąāđˆāļ§āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†
    2. āļ­āļ­āļāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļŠāļĄāđˆāļģāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­: āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ 150 āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āļ§āđˆāļēāļĒāļ™āđ‰āļģ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļˆāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļ™
    3. āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ: āļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļĩāļšāļ•āļąāļ™
    4. āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•: āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āđˆāļēāļ”āļąāļŠāļ™āļĩāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļēāļĒ (BMI) āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ›āļāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āđ‡āļĄ
    5. āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģ: āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨ āļ™āđ‰āļģāļ•āļēāļĨāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•

    🌟 āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāļšāļēāļĨāļēāļ™āļ‹āđŒāļˆāļēāļ USA: āļ•āļąāļ§āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĢāļđāđ‰
    āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļœāļŠāļĄāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Plant Sterols/Stanols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Red Yeast Rice āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš LDL āļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĨāđ„āļāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļąāļšāļĒāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļđāļ”āļ‹āļķāļĄāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāđƒāļ™āļĨāļģāđ„āļŠāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļēāļœāļĨāļēāļāđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ

    āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāļšāļēāļĨāļēāļ™āļ‹āđŒ Made in USA āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ­āļāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ

    ðŸ“Ē :
    “āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļĩāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļē 💊 āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨ āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆ āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļļāļāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› ðŸŦ€âœĻ #āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļš #āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ #āļŦāļĄāļ­āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ #HealthyLiving #CholesterolBalanceMadeInUSA”

    #āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡ #āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ #āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ #āļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāļšāļēāļĨāļēāļ™āļ‹āđŒ

    āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļđāđāļĨāļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆ āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰!

    Article: Coronary Artery Disease – The Hidden Danger and How to Prevent It

    💔 What is Coronary Artery Disease, and Why is it Dangerous?
    Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) occurs when fatty deposits and plaque build up in the walls of the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow to the heart. This condition can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and in severe cases, heart attacks. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening and significantly impact your quality of life.

    🍎 How to Prevent Coronary Artery Disease
    1. Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet: Avoid foods high in saturated fats, such as fried foods, processed meats, and sugary treats. Instead, focus on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and plant-based proteins like legumes and nuts.
    2. Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling.
    3. Quit Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and accelerates plaque buildup, increasing the risk of heart disease.
    4. Manage Weight and Blood Pressure: Maintain a healthy BMI and reduce salt intake to control blood pressure.
    5. Get Regular Health Checkups: Monitor your cholesterol levels, blood sugar, and blood pressure to catch potential issues early.

    🌟 Cholesterol Balance Supplements from the USA: Your Extra Defense
    High-quality cholesterol balance supplements made in the USA, containing ingredients like Plant Sterols/Stanols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, or Red Yeast Rice, can effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels. These supplements work by reducing cholesterol absorption in the intestines and promoting fat metabolism in the body.

    Backed by scientific research, these supplements are an excellent complement to a healthy diet and lifestyle, helping to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease significantly.

    ðŸ“Ē :
    “A healthy heart starts with you 💊 Lower your cholesterol and protect your heart before it’s too late ðŸŦ€âœĻ #CoronaryArteryDisease #PreventionIsKey #DoctorTales #HealthyLiving #CholesterolBalanceUSA”

    #HeartHealthMatters #PreventHeartDisease #WellnessJourney #CholesterolBalance

    Start taking care of your heart today!
    āļšāļ—āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ: āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļš āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰ 💔 āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļšāļ„āļ·āļ­āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđ„āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒ? āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļš (Coronary Artery Disease) āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĨāļąāļ„ (plaque) āđƒāļ™āļœāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđāļ”āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ›āđ€āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āļ•āļĩāļšāđāļ„āļšāļĨāļ‡ āļˆāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ„āļŦāļĨāđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›āđ€āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļžāļ­ āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļšāļšāđˆāļ­āļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļšāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ­āļ (Angina) āļŦāļēāļĒāđƒāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļīāđˆāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ­āļēāļˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ§āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļēāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩ 🍎 āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰ 1. āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļ™: āļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āļ­āļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļ­āļ” āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāđāļ›āļĢāļĢāļđāļ› āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļ§āļēāļ™ āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļœāļąāļ āļœāļĨāđ„āļĄāđ‰ āļ˜āļąāļāļžāļ·āļŠāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđ€āļĄāļĨāđ‡āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļžāļ·āļŠ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ–āļąāđˆāļ§āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† 2. āļ­āļ­āļāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļŠāļĄāđˆāļģāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­: āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ 150 āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āļ§āđˆāļēāļĒāļ™āđ‰āļģ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļˆāļąāļāļĢāļĒāļēāļ™ 3. āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ: āļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļĩāļšāļ•āļąāļ™ 4. āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•: āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āđˆāļēāļ”āļąāļŠāļ™āļĩāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļēāļĒ (BMI) āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ›āļāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āđ‡āļĄ 5. āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģ: āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨ āļ™āđ‰āļģāļ•āļēāļĨāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ• 🌟 āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāļšāļēāļĨāļēāļ™āļ‹āđŒāļˆāļēāļ USA: āļ•āļąāļ§āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļļāļ“āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĢāļđāđ‰ āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļœāļŠāļĄāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ Plant Sterols/Stanols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Red Yeast Rice āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ”āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš LDL āļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĨāđ„āļāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļąāļšāļĒāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļđāļ”āļ‹āļķāļĄāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāđƒāļ™āļĨāļģāđ„āļŠāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļēāļœāļĨāļēāļāđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāļšāļēāļĨāļēāļ™āļ‹āđŒ Made in USA āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ­āļāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ ðŸ“Ē : “āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļĩāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļē 💊 āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨ āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆ āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļļāļāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ„āļ› ðŸŦ€âœĻ #āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļŦāļīāļ•āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ•āļĩāļš #āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ #āļŦāļĄāļ­āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ #HealthyLiving #CholesterolBalanceMadeInUSA” #āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡ #āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ #āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ #āļ„āļ­āđ€āļĨāļŠāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāļ­āļĨāļšāļēāļĨāļēāļ™āļ‹āđŒ āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļđāđāļĨāļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆ āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰! Article: Coronary Artery Disease – The Hidden Danger and How to Prevent It 💔 What is Coronary Artery Disease, and Why is it Dangerous? Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) occurs when fatty deposits and plaque build up in the walls of the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow to the heart. This condition can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and in severe cases, heart attacks. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening and significantly impact your quality of life. 🍎 How to Prevent Coronary Artery Disease 1. Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet: Avoid foods high in saturated fats, such as fried foods, processed meats, and sugary treats. Instead, focus on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and plant-based proteins like legumes and nuts. 2. Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling. 3. Quit Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and accelerates plaque buildup, increasing the risk of heart disease. 4. Manage Weight and Blood Pressure: Maintain a healthy BMI and reduce salt intake to control blood pressure. 5. Get Regular Health Checkups: Monitor your cholesterol levels, blood sugar, and blood pressure to catch potential issues early. 🌟 Cholesterol Balance Supplements from the USA: Your Extra Defense High-quality cholesterol balance supplements made in the USA, containing ingredients like Plant Sterols/Stanols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, or Red Yeast Rice, can effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels. These supplements work by reducing cholesterol absorption in the intestines and promoting fat metabolism in the body. Backed by scientific research, these supplements are an excellent complement to a healthy diet and lifestyle, helping to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease significantly. ðŸ“Ē : “A healthy heart starts with you 💊 Lower your cholesterol and protect your heart before it’s too late ðŸŦ€âœĻ #CoronaryArteryDisease #PreventionIsKey #DoctorTales #HealthyLiving #CholesterolBalanceUSA” #HeartHealthMatters #PreventHeartDisease #WellnessJourney #CholesterolBalance Start taking care of your heart today!
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  • Words From The 2010s So Lit We Should Bring Them Back

    The 2010s were the era of Instagram, Beyonce’s Lemonade album, and arguing about whether a viral photo showed a blue dress or a white one. The decade may not seem like that long ago, but a lot has changed since then, including many parts of our language.

    Vocabulary evolves quickly, especially when you’re talking about the words associated with slang and pop culture. Take yeet, for example. One minute, everyone was saying it. The next? Well, it might be hard to recall the last time you’ve heard it.

    The good news is that the coolest things from previous decades almost always come back in style again. 2010s nostalgia is having a moment, and we’re taking that opportunity to look back at some of the defining words of the decade. Here are 16 2010s slang words that might be ready for a comeback.

    bae

    Remember bae? In the 2010s, this term of endearment was all over the place. The word, which is “an affectionate term used to address or refer to one’s girlfriend, boyfriend, spouse, etc.,” gained popularity in 2012, thanks to a viral tweet. The term originated in Black culture, most likely as a shortened form of babe or baby. It went on to achieve meme status before fading into the background at the start of the next decade.

    catfish

    Catfish isn’t just a type of fish. It’s also a verb that means “to deceive, swindle, etc., by assuming a false identity or personality online.” This slang meaning of catfish took over in 2010 with the release of Catfish by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman. The documentary told the story of a man who was romantically duped by a stranger online. Catfish is still used to describe this kind of trickery, but the word is less common than it used to be, perhaps because knowledge of this type of dishonesty is more widespread.

    first world problem

    Oh, your favorite slang went out of style? Sounds like a first world problem. (Just kidding.) In the 2010s, first world problem emerged as a facetious way of pointing out a “fairly minor problem, frustration, or complaint associated with a relatively high standard of living, as opposed to serious problems associated with poverty.” The phrase dates back to the late ’70s, but it wasn’t seen online until around 2005. It got its start as a hashtag on Twitter and later became one of the go-to phrases of the 2010s.

    yeet

    Yeet began as the name of a popular dance in Black internet culture. By the mid-2010s, its use in viral videos had solidified its place as “an exclamation of excitement, approval, surprise, or all-around energy.” In 2018, yeet was voted the American Dialect Society’s 2018 Slang/Informal Word of the Year. Perhaps it’s because life during a pandemic hasn’t given us many reasons to say it, but yeet hasn’t held the same level of popularity in the years since its peak.

    stan

    These days, it’s popular for fans of musicians or actors to assume a group name related to their favorite celebrity, like Taylor Swift’s “swifties.” But in the 2010s, these groups were usually called stans. A stan is “an overly enthusiastic fan, especially of a celebrity.” The term originated in the early 2000s as a blend of stalker and fan, influenced by the rapper Eminem’s 2000 song “Stan.” Luckily, the term is mostly used in a lighthearted way.

    humblebrag

    We don’t mean to humblebrag, but we just have so many classic 2010s words to share with you. A humblebrag is “a statement intended as a boast or brag but disguised by a humble apology, complaint, etc.” The term is credited to writer and TV producer Harris Wittels, who created the Twitter account @Humblebrag in 2010 to showcase real-life examples of the act. It’s likely that many people still humblebrag online, so maybe it’s time to bring back the term.

    slaps

    If you say “this slaps” when you hear an awesome new song, you probably picked up your slang during the 2010s. Slaps is a slang verb meaning “to be excellent or amazing.” Believe it or not, slaps has been used to mean “first-rate” since at least the mid-1800s. It may not be as popular at the moment, but we have a feeling it will come back around again.

    on fleek

    For a brief moment in time, anything impressive or stylish was said to be on fleek. Now? Well, on fleek isn’t quite as on fleek as it used to be. Fleek means “flawlessly styled, groomed, etc.; looking great.” It’s typically used to describe someone’s clothing or appearance. The word was coined in its current sense by internet user Kayla Newman in 2014, and quickly became one of the most popular slang terms of the 2010s. Like a lot of popular slang, it may have existed in Black culture before it became widespread.

    lit

    Looking for a word that means “amazing, awesome, or cool.” How about lit? This 2010s word joined the ranks of cool, rad, and other terms to describe things people find great. Though its slang usage was most popular in the 2010s, lit has existed since at least 1895 as a way of saying “intoxicated.” It may not be new and trending, but this word isn’t likely to go away any time soon.

    milkshake duck

    Before canceled became everyone’s go-to word for internet controversies, there was milkshake duck. This phrase describes “a person (or thing) who becomes popular on the internet for a positive reason, but as their popularity takes off and people dig into their past, they become an object of outrage.” Milkshake duck is taken from a 2016 tweet by Australian cartoonist Ben Ward. The phrase may be less common than it once was, but the phenomenon it describes is still a major part of life online.

    slay

    Are we finally ready to slay some more? Slay means “to do something spectacularly well, especially when it comes to fashion, artistic performance, or self-confidence.” Slay being used as a way of saying “looking fashionable” can be traced back to the 1800s, but its usage in the 2010s is more closely linked to Black, Latinx, and queer ball culture. Whether it’s great clothes, hair, dancing, or something else, slay is a way of saying someone is killing it.

    fire

    In the 2010s, fire was frequently used as an adjective. Saying something was fire meant it was “cool, excellent, exciting, etc.” Fire can also be shortened to fya or fiyah, the origins of which can be traced to Black English. The term may have burned out towards the end of the decade, but we’re still holding a torch for this one. See what we did there?

    fam

    There’s nothing we love more than reminiscing about words with the fam. That’s you, of course. Fam means “a close friend or group of friends thought of as family.” Though the word is a shortened form of family, it generally describes chosen friends rather than actual family members. It became popular on Twitter and other social media platforms in the mid-2010s.

    thirst

    A glass of water won’t cure this type of thirst. Those who were teens and young adults in the 2010s might remember thirst as a slang term meaning “to have a strong desire.” In other words, thirsting for someone means you find them attractive. This usage also spawned other phrases, such as thirst trap, which is a social media post shared to elicit sexual attention. Mostly, we’re just thirsty for this word to make a comeback.

    TFW

    TFW stands for that feeling when. It was the basis of a popular 2010s meme that people used to express their emotions in relatable or unrelatable situations. For example, “TFW you just got cozy in bed but you need to use the bathroom.” The exact origins of the meme and corresponding phrase aren’t known, but it’s been in use on the internet since before 2018.

    yaass

    Can we get a yaaas for this final word? This interjection is an alternative form of yes, and it indicates ”a strong expression of excitement, approval, agreement, etc.” Most often, it’s accompanied by queen or kween, as in yaaas kween, but it can also be used on its own. This phrase originates in drag culture, where it’s commonly said in response to someone’s excellent style.

    Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Words From The 2010s So Lit We Should Bring Them Back The 2010s were the era of Instagram, Beyonce’s Lemonade album, and arguing about whether a viral photo showed a blue dress or a white one. The decade may not seem like that long ago, but a lot has changed since then, including many parts of our language. Vocabulary evolves quickly, especially when you’re talking about the words associated with slang and pop culture. Take yeet, for example. One minute, everyone was saying it. The next? Well, it might be hard to recall the last time you’ve heard it. The good news is that the coolest things from previous decades almost always come back in style again. 2010s nostalgia is having a moment, and we’re taking that opportunity to look back at some of the defining words of the decade. Here are 16 2010s slang words that might be ready for a comeback. bae Remember bae? In the 2010s, this term of endearment was all over the place. The word, which is “an affectionate term used to address or refer to one’s girlfriend, boyfriend, spouse, etc.,” gained popularity in 2012, thanks to a viral tweet. The term originated in Black culture, most likely as a shortened form of babe or baby. It went on to achieve meme status before fading into the background at the start of the next decade. catfish Catfish isn’t just a type of fish. It’s also a verb that means “to deceive, swindle, etc., by assuming a false identity or personality online.” This slang meaning of catfish took over in 2010 with the release of Catfish by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman. The documentary told the story of a man who was romantically duped by a stranger online. Catfish is still used to describe this kind of trickery, but the word is less common than it used to be, perhaps because knowledge of this type of dishonesty is more widespread. first world problem Oh, your favorite slang went out of style? Sounds like a first world problem. (Just kidding.) In the 2010s, first world problem emerged as a facetious way of pointing out a “fairly minor problem, frustration, or complaint associated with a relatively high standard of living, as opposed to serious problems associated with poverty.” The phrase dates back to the late ’70s, but it wasn’t seen online until around 2005. It got its start as a hashtag on Twitter and later became one of the go-to phrases of the 2010s. yeet Yeet began as the name of a popular dance in Black internet culture. By the mid-2010s, its use in viral videos had solidified its place as “an exclamation of excitement, approval, surprise, or all-around energy.” In 2018, yeet was voted the American Dialect Society’s 2018 Slang/Informal Word of the Year. Perhaps it’s because life during a pandemic hasn’t given us many reasons to say it, but yeet hasn’t held the same level of popularity in the years since its peak. stan These days, it’s popular for fans of musicians or actors to assume a group name related to their favorite celebrity, like Taylor Swift’s “swifties.” But in the 2010s, these groups were usually called stans. A stan is “an overly enthusiastic fan, especially of a celebrity.” The term originated in the early 2000s as a blend of stalker and fan, influenced by the rapper Eminem’s 2000 song “Stan.” Luckily, the term is mostly used in a lighthearted way. humblebrag We don’t mean to humblebrag, but we just have so many classic 2010s words to share with you. A humblebrag is “a statement intended as a boast or brag but disguised by a humble apology, complaint, etc.” The term is credited to writer and TV producer Harris Wittels, who created the Twitter account @Humblebrag in 2010 to showcase real-life examples of the act. It’s likely that many people still humblebrag online, so maybe it’s time to bring back the term. slaps If you say “this slaps” when you hear an awesome new song, you probably picked up your slang during the 2010s. Slaps is a slang verb meaning “to be excellent or amazing.” Believe it or not, slaps has been used to mean “first-rate” since at least the mid-1800s. It may not be as popular at the moment, but we have a feeling it will come back around again. on fleek For a brief moment in time, anything impressive or stylish was said to be on fleek. Now? Well, on fleek isn’t quite as on fleek as it used to be. Fleek means “flawlessly styled, groomed, etc.; looking great.” It’s typically used to describe someone’s clothing or appearance. The word was coined in its current sense by internet user Kayla Newman in 2014, and quickly became one of the most popular slang terms of the 2010s. Like a lot of popular slang, it may have existed in Black culture before it became widespread. lit Looking for a word that means “amazing, awesome, or cool.” How about lit? This 2010s word joined the ranks of cool, rad, and other terms to describe things people find great. Though its slang usage was most popular in the 2010s, lit has existed since at least 1895 as a way of saying “intoxicated.” It may not be new and trending, but this word isn’t likely to go away any time soon. milkshake duck Before canceled became everyone’s go-to word for internet controversies, there was milkshake duck. This phrase describes “a person (or thing) who becomes popular on the internet for a positive reason, but as their popularity takes off and people dig into their past, they become an object of outrage.” Milkshake duck is taken from a 2016 tweet by Australian cartoonist Ben Ward. The phrase may be less common than it once was, but the phenomenon it describes is still a major part of life online. slay Are we finally ready to slay some more? Slay means “to do something spectacularly well, especially when it comes to fashion, artistic performance, or self-confidence.” Slay being used as a way of saying “looking fashionable” can be traced back to the 1800s, but its usage in the 2010s is more closely linked to Black, Latinx, and queer ball culture. Whether it’s great clothes, hair, dancing, or something else, slay is a way of saying someone is killing it. fire In the 2010s, fire was frequently used as an adjective. Saying something was fire meant it was “cool, excellent, exciting, etc.” Fire can also be shortened to fya or fiyah, the origins of which can be traced to Black English. The term may have burned out towards the end of the decade, but we’re still holding a torch for this one. See what we did there? fam There’s nothing we love more than reminiscing about words with the fam. That’s you, of course. Fam means “a close friend or group of friends thought of as family.” Though the word is a shortened form of family, it generally describes chosen friends rather than actual family members. It became popular on Twitter and other social media platforms in the mid-2010s. thirst A glass of water won’t cure this type of thirst. Those who were teens and young adults in the 2010s might remember thirst as a slang term meaning “to have a strong desire.” In other words, thirsting for someone means you find them attractive. This usage also spawned other phrases, such as thirst trap, which is a social media post shared to elicit sexual attention. Mostly, we’re just thirsty for this word to make a comeback. TFW TFW stands for that feeling when. It was the basis of a popular 2010s meme that people used to express their emotions in relatable or unrelatable situations. For example, “TFW you just got cozy in bed but you need to use the bathroom.” The exact origins of the meme and corresponding phrase aren’t known, but it’s been in use on the internet since before 2018. yaass Can we get a yaaas for this final word? This interjection is an alternative form of yes, and it indicates ”a strong expression of excitement, approval, agreement, etc.” Most often, it’s accompanied by queen or kween, as in yaaas kween, but it can also be used on its own. This phrase originates in drag culture, where it’s commonly said in response to someone’s excellent style. Copyright 2025, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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    āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē Imagination āļˆāļ°āļ–āļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļˆāļēāļāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ CPU āđāļ•āđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ™āļīāđ€āļ§āļĻāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ RISC-V āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē CPU āđāļĨāļ° IP āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ CPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ RISC-V āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ GPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ™āļīāđ€āļ§āļĻāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”

    āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Imagination āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ GPU āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļāļąāļš MIPS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‹āļĩāļžāļĩāļĒāļđāļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒ Imagination āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2013 āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ‚āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2017 āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‹āļĩāļžāļĩāļĒāļđāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ RISC-V āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2020

    āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļāļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ UK-China Transparency āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļē Imagination Technologies āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ–āđˆāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Imagination āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļš GPU āđƒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ Biren Technology, InnoSilicon āđāļĨāļ° Moore Threads. āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļˆāļĩāļ™āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē GPU āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē AI, āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰

    https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/imagination-quits-risc-v-cpu-business-to-focus-on-gpus-and-ai
    Imagination Technologies āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ CPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ RISC-V āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē GPU āđāļĨāļ° AI āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļāđƒāļ™āļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩ IP (Intellectual Property) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ "āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļąāļāļāļē" āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ GPU āļĄāļēāļāļĄāļēāļĒ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2021 āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§ RISC-V Catapult CPU IP āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ‹āļĨāļđāļŠāļąāļ™ CPU+GPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļĢāļšāļ§āļ‡āļˆāļĢ āđāļ•āđˆāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰ Imagination āļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ–āļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļˆāļēāļāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ CPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ RISC-V āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļēāļŸāļīāļ, AI āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ›āļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļēāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē Imagination āļˆāļ°āļ–āļ­āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļˆāļēāļāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ CPU āđāļ•āđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ™āļīāđ€āļ§āļĻāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ RISC-V āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē CPU āđāļĨāļ° IP āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ CPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ RISC-V āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ GPU āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ™āļīāđ€āļ§āļĻāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Imagination āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ GPU āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļāļąāļš MIPS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‹āļĩāļžāļĩāļĒāļđāļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒ Imagination āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2013 āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ‚āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2017 āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‹āļĩāļžāļĩāļĒāļđāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ RISC-V āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2020 āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļāļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ›āļ”āļēāļŦāđŒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ UK-China Transparency āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļē Imagination Technologies āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļˆāļĩāļ™ āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ–āđˆāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ­āļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Imagination āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļš GPU āđƒāļ™āļˆāļĩāļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ Biren Technology, InnoSilicon āđāļĨāļ° Moore Threads. āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļˆāļĩāļ™āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē GPU āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē AI, āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/imagination-quits-risc-v-cpu-business-to-focus-on-gpus-and-ai
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  • “Homophone” vs. “Homonym” vs. “Homograph”: Differences And Examples

    English is absolutely full of words that sound or look the same but have different meanings. And we have words for these kinds of words: homophones, homographs, and homonyms. But remembering the difference can be its own challenge.

    In this article, we’ll break down the differences and the overlap and provide examples of all three.

    Quick summary

    Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings, like there/their/they’re and its/it’s. Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings. Homographs can be pronounced differently (like bass the fish and bass the instrument) or the same (like fair meaning “equitable” or “a carnival”). The word homonyms is often used to refer to all such words in general. Some words, like bark, fall into more than one category—bark on a tree and bark of a dog are both homophones (sounding the same) and homographs (being spelled the same), for example.

    What is the difference between homophones, homonyms, and homographs?

    There is a helpful way to tell the difference between the words homophone, homograph, and homonym: knowing what their endings mean can help you remember how they’re used.

    Homophone, homonym, and homograph all start with homo-, which means “same.”

    The -phone in homophone means “sound.” So homophones are words that sound the same. Homophones always have different meanings, but they may be spelled the same or differently. Bear (the animal) and bare (meaning “uncovered” or “empty”) are homophones. But so are bark (the sound a dog makes) and bark (the covering of a tree). And the different senses of bear (the animal and the verb meaning “to carry”).

    The -graph in homograph means “written.” Homographs are words that are written the same—meaning they always have the same spelling—but have different meanings.

    Homographs can be pronounced the same or not. For example, bass (the fish, rhymes with class) and bass (the instrument, rhymes with ace) are homographs. But so are the different senses of bark and bear.

    Take a closer look at the homonym pair bare vs. bear.

    Homonym examples

    As we’ve just explained, the term homonym can refer to both a homophone and a homograph, so we’ve broken them down into two separate lists. The items from both lists can be broadly referred to as homonyms. But for clarity, it’s best to use the term homophones when referring to words that sound the same and homographs when referring to words that are spelled the same. Still, there are examples that fit into both categories, such as the different senses of bark and bear discussed earlier.

    Homophone examples

    Here are just some of the many examples of homophones in English:

    there | their | they’re
    to | too | two
    its | it’s
    your | you’re
    whose | who’s
    by | buy | bye
    I | eye
    see | sea
    dear | deer
    bare | bear
    hair | hare
    here | hear
    air | heir
    where | wear
    pair | pear | pare
    fair | fare
    right | write | rite
    sight | site | cite
    steal | steel
    plain | plane
    sale | sail
    break | brake
    know | no
    week | weak
    add | ad
    meet | meat
    sell | cell
    great | grate
    piece | peace
    eight | ate
    one | won
    flower | flour
    for | four | fore
    our | hour
    wait | weight
    night | knight
    male | mail
    son | sun
    board | bored
    hole | whole
    sweet | suite
    tail | tale

    Homograph examples

    It’s impossible to count how many words are homographs because so many words have more than one meaning.

    We’ll separate this list into homographs that are pronounced differently and those that are pronounced the same. There are far fewer examples of ones that are pronounced differently.

    Homographs that are pronounced differently

    Here are several examples of homographs whose pronunciation is different.

    minute (the noun meaning “60 seconds”; the adjective meaning “very small”)
    bass (the fish; the instrument)
    Polish (from Poland) and polish (to make something shiny)
    bow (the noun referring to a ribbon tied in a decorative way; the verb meaning to bend reverently)
    close (the adjective meaning “nearby”; the verb meaning “to shut”)
    lead (the metal; the verb meaning “to act as a leader”)

    Homographs that are pronounced the same

    Here are some of the many, many homographs that sound the same, along with some of their common meanings (in many cases, there are multiple other meanings).

    bear (the animal; the verb meaning “to carry”)
    ring (a circle; a type of jewelry; what a phone does)
    fan (the appliance that makes wind; an admirer/appreciator)
    band (music group; a ring or strap)
    bat (the animal; a baseball bat)
    kind (the adjective meaning “nice”; the noun meaning “type”)
    part (a component of something; a line in one’s hair; the verb meaning “to separate”)
    park (a noun meaning an outdoor space; a verb meaning what you do to a car)
    class (lesson; category; classiness)
    fair (equitable or according to the rules; a carnival)

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    “Homophone” vs. “Homonym” vs. “Homograph”: Differences And Examples English is absolutely full of words that sound or look the same but have different meanings. And we have words for these kinds of words: homophones, homographs, and homonyms. But remembering the difference can be its own challenge. In this article, we’ll break down the differences and the overlap and provide examples of all three. Quick summary Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings, like there/their/they’re and its/it’s. Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings. Homographs can be pronounced differently (like bass the fish and bass the instrument) or the same (like fair meaning “equitable” or “a carnival”). The word homonyms is often used to refer to all such words in general. Some words, like bark, fall into more than one category—bark on a tree and bark of a dog are both homophones (sounding the same) and homographs (being spelled the same), for example. What is the difference between homophones, homonyms, and homographs? There is a helpful way to tell the difference between the words homophone, homograph, and homonym: knowing what their endings mean can help you remember how they’re used. Homophone, homonym, and homograph all start with homo-, which means “same.” The -phone in homophone means “sound.” So homophones are words that sound the same. Homophones always have different meanings, but they may be spelled the same or differently. Bear (the animal) and bare (meaning “uncovered” or “empty”) are homophones. But so are bark (the sound a dog makes) and bark (the covering of a tree). And the different senses of bear (the animal and the verb meaning “to carry”). The -graph in homograph means “written.” Homographs are words that are written the same—meaning they always have the same spelling—but have different meanings. Homographs can be pronounced the same or not. For example, bass (the fish, rhymes with class) and bass (the instrument, rhymes with ace) are homographs. But so are the different senses of bark and bear. Take a closer look at the homonym pair bare vs. bear. Homonym examples As we’ve just explained, the term homonym can refer to both a homophone and a homograph, so we’ve broken them down into two separate lists. The items from both lists can be broadly referred to as homonyms. But for clarity, it’s best to use the term homophones when referring to words that sound the same and homographs when referring to words that are spelled the same. Still, there are examples that fit into both categories, such as the different senses of bark and bear discussed earlier. Homophone examples Here are just some of the many examples of homophones in English: there | their | they’re to | too | two its | it’s your | you’re whose | who’s by | buy | bye I | eye see | sea dear | deer bare | bear hair | hare here | hear air | heir where | wear pair | pear | pare fair | fare right | write | rite sight | site | cite steal | steel plain | plane sale | sail break | brake know | no week | weak add | ad meet | meat sell | cell great | grate piece | peace eight | ate one | won flower | flour for | four | fore our | hour wait | weight night | knight male | mail son | sun board | bored hole | whole sweet | suite tail | tale Homograph examples It’s impossible to count how many words are homographs because so many words have more than one meaning. We’ll separate this list into homographs that are pronounced differently and those that are pronounced the same. There are far fewer examples of ones that are pronounced differently. Homographs that are pronounced differently Here are several examples of homographs whose pronunciation is different. minute (the noun meaning “60 seconds”; the adjective meaning “very small”) bass (the fish; the instrument) Polish (from Poland) and polish (to make something shiny) bow (the noun referring to a ribbon tied in a decorative way; the verb meaning to bend reverently) close (the adjective meaning “nearby”; the verb meaning “to shut”) lead (the metal; the verb meaning “to act as a leader”) Homographs that are pronounced the same Here are some of the many, many homographs that sound the same, along with some of their common meanings (in many cases, there are multiple other meanings). bear (the animal; the verb meaning “to carry”) ring (a circle; a type of jewelry; what a phone does) fan (the appliance that makes wind; an admirer/appreciator) band (music group; a ring or strap) bat (the animal; a baseball bat) kind (the adjective meaning “nice”; the noun meaning “type”) part (a component of something; a line in one’s hair; the verb meaning “to separate”) park (a noun meaning an outdoor space; a verb meaning what you do to a car) class (lesson; category; classiness) fair (equitable or according to the rules; a carnival) Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • 26 Types of Punctuation Marks & Typographical Symbols

    We use words in writing. Shocking, I know! Do you know what else we use in writing? Here is a hint: they have already appeared in this paragraph. In addition to words, we use many different symbols and characters to organize our thoughts and make text easier to read. All of these symbols come in two major categories: punctuation marks and typographical symbols. These symbols have many different uses and include everything from the humble period (.) to the rarely used caret symbol (^). There may even be a few symbols out there that you’ve never even heard of before that leave you scratching your head when you see them on your keyboard!

    What is punctuation?

    Punctuation is the act or system of using specific marks or symbols in writing to separate different elements from each other or to make writing more clear. Punctuation is used in English and the other languages that use the Latin alphabet. Many other writing systems also use punctuation, too. Thanks to punctuation, we don’t have to suffer through a block of text that looks like this:

    - My favorite color is red do you like red red is great my sister likes green she always says green is the color of champions regardless of which color is better we both agree that no one likes salmon which is a fish and not a color seriously.

    Punctuation examples

    The following sentences give examples of the many different punctuation marks that we use:

    - My dog, Bark Scruffalo, was featured in a superhero movie.
    - If there’s something strange in your neighborhood, who are you going to call?
    - A wise man once said, “Within the body of every person lies a skeleton.”
    - Hooray! I found everything on the map: the lake, the mountain, and the forest.
    - I told Ashley (if that was her real name) that I needed the copy lickety-split.

    What is a typographical symbol?

    The term typographical symbol, or any other number of phrases, refers to a character or symbol that isn’t considered to be a punctuation mark but may still be used in writing for various purposes. Typographical symbols are generally avoided in formal writing under most circumstances. However, you may see typographic symbols used quite a bit in informal writing.

    Typographical symbol examples

    The following examples show some ways that a writer might use typographical symbols. Keep in mind that some of these sentences may not be considered appropriate in formal writing.

    - The frustrated actor said she was tired of her co-star’s “annoying bull****.”
    - For questions, email us at anascabana@bananacabanas.fake!
    - The band had five #1 singles on the American music charts during the 1990s.
    - My internet provider is AT&T.

    Punctuation vs. typographical symbols

    Punctuation marks are considered part of grammar and often have well-established rules for how to use them properly. For example, the rules of proper grammar state that a letter after a period should be capitalized and that a comma must be used before a coordinating conjunction.

    Typographical symbols, on the other hand, may not have widely accepted rules for how, or even when, they should be used. Generally speaking, most grammar resources will only allow the use of typographical symbols under very specific circumstances and will otherwise advise a writer to avoid using them.

    Types of punctuation and symbols

    There are many different types of punctuation marks and typographical symbols. We’ll briefly touch on them now, but you can learn more about of these characters by checking out the links in this list and also each section below:

    Period
    Question mark
    Exclamation point
    Comma
    Colon
    Semicolon
    Hyphen
    En dash
    Em dash
    Parentheses
    Square brackets
    Curly brackets
    Angle brackets
    Quotation marks
    Apostrophe
    Slash
    Ellipses
    Asterisk
    Ampersand
    Bullet point
    Pound symbol
    Tilde
    Backslash
    At symbol
    Caret symbol
    Pipe symbol

    Period, question mark, and exclamation point

    These three commonly used punctuation marks are used for the same reason: to end an independent thought.

    Period (.)

    A period is used to end a declarative sentence. A period indicates that a sentence is finished.

    Today is Friday.

    Unique to them, periods are also often used in abbreviations.

    Prof. Dumbledore once again awarded a ludicrous amount of points to Gryffindor.

    Question mark (?)

    The question mark is used to end a question, also known as an interrogative sentence.

    Do you feel lucky?

    Exclamation point (!)

    The exclamation point is used at the end of exclamations and interjections.

    Our house is haunted!
    Wow!

    Comma, colon, and semicolon

    Commas, colons, and semicolons can all be used to connect sentences together.

    Comma (,)

    The comma is often the punctuation mark that gives writers the most problems. It has many different uses and often requires good knowledge of grammar to avoid making mistakes when using it. Some common uses of the comma include:

    Joining clauses: Mario loves Peach, and she loves him.
    Nonrestrictive elements: My favorite team, the Fighting Mongooses, won the championship this year.
    Lists: The flag was red, white, and blue.
    Coordinate adjectives: The cute, happy puppy licked my hand.

    Colon (:)

    The colon is typically used to introduce additional information.

    The detective had three suspects: the salesman, the gardener, and the lawyer.

    Like commas, colons can also connect clauses together.

    We forgot to ask the most important question: who was buying lunch?

    Colons have a few other uses, too.

    The meeting starts at 8:15 p.m.
    The priest started reading from Mark 3:6.

    Semicolon (;)

    Like the comma and the colon, the semicolon is used to connect sentences together. The semicolon typically indicates that the second sentence is closely related to the one before it.

    I can’t eat peanuts; I am highly allergic to them.
    Lucy loves to eat all kinds of sweets; lollipops are her favorite.

    Hyphen and dashes (en dash and em dash)

    All three of these punctuation marks are often referred to as “dashes.” However, they are all used for entirely different reasons.

    Hyphen (-)

    The hyphen is used to form compound words.

    I went to lunch with my father-in-law.
    She was playing with a jack-in-the-box.
    He was accused of having pro-British sympathies.

    En dash (–)

    The en dash is used to express ranges or is sometimes used in more complex compound words.

    The homework exercises are on pages 20–27.
    The songwriter had worked on many Tony Award–winning productions.

    Em dash (—)

    The em dash is used to indicate a pause or interrupted speech.

    The thief was someone nobody expected—me!
    “Those kids will—” was all he managed to say before he was hit by a water balloon.
    Test your knowledge on the different dashes here.

    Parentheses, brackets, and braces

    These pairs of punctuation marks look similar, but they all have different uses. In general, the parentheses are much more commonly used than the others.

    Parentheses ()

    Typically, parentheses are used to add additional information.

    I thought (for a very long time) if I should actually give an honest answer.
    Tomorrow is Christmas (my favorite holiday)!
    Parentheses have a variety of other uses, too.

    Pollution increased significantly. (See Chart 14B)
    He was at an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting.
    Richard I of England (1157–1199) had the heart of a lion.

    Square brackets []

    Typically, square brackets are used to clarify or add information to quotations.

    According to an eyewitness, the chimpanzees “climbed on the roof and juggled [bananas].”
    The judge said that “the defense attorney [Mr. Wright] had made it clear that the case was far from closed.”

    Curly brackets {}

    Curly brackets, also known as braces, are rarely used punctuation marks that are used to group a set.

    I was impressed by the many different colors {red, green, yellow, blue, purple, black, white} they selected for the flag’s design.

    Angle brackets <>

    Angle brackets have no usage in formal writing and are rarely ever used even in informal writing. These characters have more uses in other fields, such as math or computing.

    Quotation marks and apostrophe

    You’ll find these punctuation marks hanging out at the top of a line of text.

    Quotation marks (“”)

    The most common use of quotation marks is to contain quotations.

    She said, “Don’t let the dog out of the house.”
    Bob Ross liked to put “happy little trees” in many of his paintings.

    Apostrophe (‘)

    The apostrophe is most often used to form possessives and contractions.

    The house’s back door is open.
    My cousin’s birthday is next week.
    It isn’t ready yet.
    We should’ve stayed outside.

    Slash and ellipses

    These are two punctuation marks you may not see too often, but they are still useful.

    Slash (/)

    The slash has several different uses. Here are some examples:

    Relationships: The existence of boxer briefs somehow hasn’t ended the boxers/briefs debate.
    Alternatives: They accept cash and/or credit.
    Fractions: After an hour, 2/3 of the audience had already left.

    Ellipses (…)

    In formal writing, ellipses are used to indicate that words were removed from a quote.

    The mayor said, “The damages will be … paid for by the city … as soon as possible.”
    In informal writing, ellipses are often used to indicate pauses or speech that trails off.

    He nervously stammered and said, “Look, I … You see … I wasn’t … Forget it, okay.”

    Typographical symbols

    Typographical symbols rarely appear in formal writing. You are much more likely to see them used for a variety of reasons in informal writing.

    Asterisk (*)

    In formal writing, especially academic and scientific writing, the asterisk is used to indicate a footnote.

    Chocolate is the preferred flavor of ice cream.*
    *According to survey data from the Ice Cream Data Center.

    The asterisk may also be used to direct a reader toward a clarification or may be used to censor inappropriate words or phrases.

    Ampersand (&)

    The ampersand substitutes for the word and. Besides its use in the official names of things, the ampersand is typically avoided in formal writing.

    The band gave a speech at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

    Bullet Point (•)

    Bullet points are used to create lists. For example,

    For this recipe you will need:

    • eggs
    • milk
    • sugar
    • flour
    • baking powder

    Pound symbol (#)

    Informally, the pound symbol is typically used to mean number or is used in social media hashtags.

    The catchy pop song reached #1 on the charts.
    Ready 4 Halloween 2morrow!!! #spooky #TrickorTreat
    Tilde (~)

    Besides being used as an accent mark in Spanish and Portuguese words, the tilde is rarely used. Informally, a person may use it to mean “about” or “approximately.”

    We visited São Paulo during our vacation.
    I think my dog weighs ~20 pounds.

    Backslash (\)

    The backslash is primarily used in computer programming and coding. It might be used online and in texting to draw emoticons, but it has no other common uses in writing. Be careful not to mix it up with the similar forward slash (/), which is a punctuation mark.

    At symbol (@)

    The at symbol substitutes for the word at in informal writing. In formal writing, it is used when writing email addresses.

    His email address is duckduck@goose.abc.

    Caret symbol (^)

    The caret symbol is used in proofreading, but may be used to indicate an exponent if a writer is unable to use superscript.

    Do you know what 3^4 (34) is equal to?

    Pipe symbol (|)

    The pipe symbol is not used in writing. Instead, it has a variety of functions in the fields of math, physics, or computing.

    Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    26 Types of Punctuation Marks & Typographical Symbols We use words in writing. Shocking, I know! Do you know what else we use in writing? Here is a hint: they have already appeared in this paragraph. In addition to words, we use many different symbols and characters to organize our thoughts and make text easier to read. All of these symbols come in two major categories: punctuation marks and typographical symbols. These symbols have many different uses and include everything from the humble period (.) to the rarely used caret symbol (^). There may even be a few symbols out there that you’ve never even heard of before that leave you scratching your head when you see them on your keyboard! What is punctuation? Punctuation is the act or system of using specific marks or symbols in writing to separate different elements from each other or to make writing more clear. Punctuation is used in English and the other languages that use the Latin alphabet. Many other writing systems also use punctuation, too. Thanks to punctuation, we don’t have to suffer through a block of text that looks like this: - My favorite color is red do you like red red is great my sister likes green she always says green is the color of champions regardless of which color is better we both agree that no one likes salmon which is a fish and not a color seriously. Punctuation examples The following sentences give examples of the many different punctuation marks that we use: - My dog, Bark Scruffalo, was featured in a superhero movie. - If there’s something strange in your neighborhood, who are you going to call? - A wise man once said, “Within the body of every person lies a skeleton.” - Hooray! I found everything on the map: the lake, the mountain, and the forest. - I told Ashley (if that was her real name) that I needed the copy lickety-split. What is a typographical symbol? The term typographical symbol, or any other number of phrases, refers to a character or symbol that isn’t considered to be a punctuation mark but may still be used in writing for various purposes. Typographical symbols are generally avoided in formal writing under most circumstances. However, you may see typographic symbols used quite a bit in informal writing. Typographical symbol examples The following examples show some ways that a writer might use typographical symbols. Keep in mind that some of these sentences may not be considered appropriate in formal writing. - The frustrated actor said she was tired of her co-star’s “annoying bull****.” - For questions, email us at anascabana@bananacabanas.fake! - The band had five #1 singles on the American music charts during the 1990s. - My internet provider is AT&T. Punctuation vs. typographical symbols Punctuation marks are considered part of grammar and often have well-established rules for how to use them properly. For example, the rules of proper grammar state that a letter after a period should be capitalized and that a comma must be used before a coordinating conjunction. Typographical symbols, on the other hand, may not have widely accepted rules for how, or even when, they should be used. Generally speaking, most grammar resources will only allow the use of typographical symbols under very specific circumstances and will otherwise advise a writer to avoid using them. Types of punctuation and symbols There are many different types of punctuation marks and typographical symbols. We’ll briefly touch on them now, but you can learn more about of these characters by checking out the links in this list and also each section below: Period Question mark Exclamation point Comma Colon Semicolon Hyphen En dash Em dash Parentheses Square brackets Curly brackets Angle brackets Quotation marks Apostrophe Slash Ellipses Asterisk Ampersand Bullet point Pound symbol Tilde Backslash At symbol Caret symbol Pipe symbol Period, question mark, and exclamation point These three commonly used punctuation marks are used for the same reason: to end an independent thought. Period (.) A period is used to end a declarative sentence. A period indicates that a sentence is finished. Today is Friday. Unique to them, periods are also often used in abbreviations. Prof. Dumbledore once again awarded a ludicrous amount of points to Gryffindor. Question mark (?) The question mark is used to end a question, also known as an interrogative sentence. Do you feel lucky? Exclamation point (!) The exclamation point is used at the end of exclamations and interjections. Our house is haunted! Wow! Comma, colon, and semicolon Commas, colons, and semicolons can all be used to connect sentences together. Comma (,) The comma is often the punctuation mark that gives writers the most problems. It has many different uses and often requires good knowledge of grammar to avoid making mistakes when using it. Some common uses of the comma include: Joining clauses: Mario loves Peach, and she loves him. Nonrestrictive elements: My favorite team, the Fighting Mongooses, won the championship this year. Lists: The flag was red, white, and blue. Coordinate adjectives: The cute, happy puppy licked my hand. Colon (:) The colon is typically used to introduce additional information. The detective had three suspects: the salesman, the gardener, and the lawyer. Like commas, colons can also connect clauses together. We forgot to ask the most important question: who was buying lunch? Colons have a few other uses, too. The meeting starts at 8:15 p.m. The priest started reading from Mark 3:6. Semicolon (;) Like the comma and the colon, the semicolon is used to connect sentences together. The semicolon typically indicates that the second sentence is closely related to the one before it. I can’t eat peanuts; I am highly allergic to them. Lucy loves to eat all kinds of sweets; lollipops are her favorite. Hyphen and dashes (en dash and em dash) All three of these punctuation marks are often referred to as “dashes.” However, they are all used for entirely different reasons. Hyphen (-) The hyphen is used to form compound words. I went to lunch with my father-in-law. She was playing with a jack-in-the-box. He was accused of having pro-British sympathies. En dash (–) The en dash is used to express ranges or is sometimes used in more complex compound words. The homework exercises are on pages 20–27. The songwriter had worked on many Tony Award–winning productions. Em dash (—) The em dash is used to indicate a pause or interrupted speech. The thief was someone nobody expected—me! “Those kids will—” was all he managed to say before he was hit by a water balloon. Test your knowledge on the different dashes here. Parentheses, brackets, and braces These pairs of punctuation marks look similar, but they all have different uses. In general, the parentheses are much more commonly used than the others. Parentheses () Typically, parentheses are used to add additional information. I thought (for a very long time) if I should actually give an honest answer. Tomorrow is Christmas (my favorite holiday)! Parentheses have a variety of other uses, too. Pollution increased significantly. (See Chart 14B) He was at an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting. Richard I of England (1157–1199) had the heart of a lion. Square brackets [] Typically, square brackets are used to clarify or add information to quotations. According to an eyewitness, the chimpanzees “climbed on the roof and juggled [bananas].” The judge said that “the defense attorney [Mr. Wright] had made it clear that the case was far from closed.” Curly brackets {} Curly brackets, also known as braces, are rarely used punctuation marks that are used to group a set. I was impressed by the many different colors {red, green, yellow, blue, purple, black, white} they selected for the flag’s design. Angle brackets <> Angle brackets have no usage in formal writing and are rarely ever used even in informal writing. These characters have more uses in other fields, such as math or computing. Quotation marks and apostrophe You’ll find these punctuation marks hanging out at the top of a line of text. Quotation marks (“”) The most common use of quotation marks is to contain quotations. She said, “Don’t let the dog out of the house.” Bob Ross liked to put “happy little trees” in many of his paintings. Apostrophe (‘) The apostrophe is most often used to form possessives and contractions. The house’s back door is open. My cousin’s birthday is next week. It isn’t ready yet. We should’ve stayed outside. Slash and ellipses These are two punctuation marks you may not see too often, but they are still useful. Slash (/) The slash has several different uses. Here are some examples: Relationships: The existence of boxer briefs somehow hasn’t ended the boxers/briefs debate. Alternatives: They accept cash and/or credit. Fractions: After an hour, 2/3 of the audience had already left. Ellipses (…) In formal writing, ellipses are used to indicate that words were removed from a quote. The mayor said, “The damages will be … paid for by the city … as soon as possible.” In informal writing, ellipses are often used to indicate pauses or speech that trails off. He nervously stammered and said, “Look, I … You see … I wasn’t … Forget it, okay.” Typographical symbols Typographical symbols rarely appear in formal writing. You are much more likely to see them used for a variety of reasons in informal writing. Asterisk (*) In formal writing, especially academic and scientific writing, the asterisk is used to indicate a footnote. Chocolate is the preferred flavor of ice cream.* *According to survey data from the Ice Cream Data Center. The asterisk may also be used to direct a reader toward a clarification or may be used to censor inappropriate words or phrases. Ampersand (&) The ampersand substitutes for the word and. Besides its use in the official names of things, the ampersand is typically avoided in formal writing. The band gave a speech at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Bullet Point (•) Bullet points are used to create lists. For example, For this recipe you will need: • eggs • milk • sugar • flour • baking powder Pound symbol (#) Informally, the pound symbol is typically used to mean number or is used in social media hashtags. The catchy pop song reached #1 on the charts. Ready 4 Halloween 2morrow!!! #spooky #TrickorTreat Tilde (~) Besides being used as an accent mark in Spanish and Portuguese words, the tilde is rarely used. Informally, a person may use it to mean “about” or “approximately.” We visited São Paulo during our vacation. I think my dog weighs ~20 pounds. Backslash (\) The backslash is primarily used in computer programming and coding. It might be used online and in texting to draw emoticons, but it has no other common uses in writing. Be careful not to mix it up with the similar forward slash (/), which is a punctuation mark. At symbol (@) The at symbol substitutes for the word at in informal writing. In formal writing, it is used when writing email addresses. His email address is duckduck@goose.abc. Caret symbol (^) The caret symbol is used in proofreading, but may be used to indicate an exponent if a writer is unable to use superscript. Do you know what 3^4 (34) is equal to? Pipe symbol (|) The pipe symbol is not used in writing. Instead, it has a variety of functions in the fields of math, physics, or computing. Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • 21 Contemplative Quotes From Muslim Americans About The Month Of Ramadan

    Ramadan is one of the holiest times of the year for Muslims around the world. It’s a time when Muslims fast, reflect, pray, give charity, and come together as a community. Ramadan is observed in different ways around the world, but the bedrock of this holiday is the same; the Qur’an directly states that followers should fast upon the first sight of the new moon in the month of Ramadan to glorify Allah to commemorate when the Qur’an was revealed. During Ramadan, observant Muslims abstain from eating and drinking (yes, that also means water) from sunup to sundown. Ramadan culminates in a celebration known as Eid al-Fitr, or the festival of breaking the fast.

    To better understand what Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr mean to the Muslim community, here are 21 quotes from prominent Muslim Americans and the key words that highlight the significance of this time. Here you will see reflections on their faith, community, and the meaning of this holy month.

    1.
    The most rewarding part of being a Muslim athlete is my faith in God paired with my faith in myself. I approach every match with positivity and the belief that I can beat anyone on any given day. And in the face of defeat, I am able to learn from my mistakes and work on my weaknesses to prepare for next time.
    —Ibtihaj Muhammad, interview, Yahoo.com, 2016

    faith

    Ibtihaj Muhammad made history by being the the first Muslim-American woman to wear a hijab while representing the US at the Olympics in 2016, where she won a bronze medal in fencing. Her mother encouraged her to get into fencing because it was a sport she could participate in while respecting their religious beliefs. In this quote, she describes her faith, or “belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion,” and how it helped her meet her athletic goals.

    2.
    And in the process of restraining ourselves from the blessings so readily available to us, we naturally develop empathy for those who aren’t as fortunate. It’s a special type of worship that is incredibly both sacred and fulfilling. It gives a spiritual dimension to being unapologetically Muslim in America.
    —Omar Suleiman, “Why 80% of American Muslims Fast During Ramadan,” CNN.com, 2018

    empathy

    Omar Suleiman is an American imam and academic who is here describing the purpose of fasting during Ramadan. He notes that it is a way to develop empathy, or “the psychological identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another.” In this case, fasting helps one develop empathy with those who may not have enough to eat.

    3.
    Ramadan is not just predicated upon eating or not eating or drinking or not drinking. It’s a state of mind. And it’s an attempt to achieve God consciousness that carries on throughout the day.
    —Wajahat Ali, interview, “Revealing Ramadan,” On Being podcast, 2009

    state of mind

    While many focus on the fasting element of Ramadan, writer Wajahat Ali is describing how it is more than just refraining from eating and drinking. It is a state of mind, a term that means “mood or mental state.” The goal is to take on fasting as a way of thinking and feeling throughout the month.

    4.
    Ramadan, Muharram, the Eids; you associate no religious event with the tang of snow in the air, or spring thaw, or the advent of summer. God permeates these things—as the saying goes, Allah is beautiful, and He loves beauty—but they are transient. Forced to concentrate on the eternal, you begin to see, or think you see, the bones and sinews of the world beneath its seasonal flesh.
    —G. Willow Wilson, The Butterfly Mosque: A Young American Woman’s Journey to Love and Islam, 2010

    eternal

    Author G. Willow Wilson, best known for her work on the Ms. Marvel comic book series featuring Muslim-American teen Kamala Khan, describes in her memoir The Butterfly Mosque how she understands the meaning of the ritual of holidays such as Ramadan with respect to the lunar calendar. She connects it to the eternal, or something “without beginning or end.”

    5.
    At the end of the day we’re all spirits having a physical experience. … And that really comes from my relationship with Islam because it just makes me really conscious of my action.
    —Mahershala Ali, interview, NPR, 2017

    conscious

    Actor and rapper Mahershala Ali also picks up on the connection between the spiritual and physical world that G. Willow Wilson is discussing. Conscious is an adjective with a variety of meanings, including “aware of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, surroundings, etc.” The word conscious in English comes from the Latin conscius meaning “sharing knowledge with.”

    6.
    It’s about meditation and prayer and thinking about those who are truly less fortunate, feeling that hunger and thirst and observing it day in and day out, sunup to sundown. It’s quite an experience, yeah.
    —Mo Amer, quoted in the Austin-American Statesman, 2018

    meditation

    Palestinian-American stand-up comedian and writer Mo Amer is best known for his role in the sitcom Ramy. In this quote, Amer describes what Ramadan means to him. He says it is about meditation, meaning “continued or extended thought; reflection; contemplation” or “devout religious contemplation or spiritual introspection.”

    7.
    I think a big part of my faith teachings is to work together towards equality: that we’re all created equal, and under the eyes of God, we all have a right to freedom and to access our rights equally.
    —Ilhan Omar, quoted in Huffpost.com, 2016

    equality

    Representative Ilhan Omar, one of the first two Muslim women to serve in Congress, represents Minnesota’s 5th congressional district. Here she describes Islam as a religion that promotes equality, “the state or quality of being alike.” Her language here also connects her faith tradition to the preamble to the Declaration of Independence in this quote: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”

    8.
    And you see this humanity and camaraderie and brotherhood that I think is deeply touching, deeply gratifying, and I think in so many ways humbling, and really, kind of helps you reset your emotional and spiritual compass, to know what is important in life, not to take these moments or granted.
    —Ayman Mohyeldin, quoted in BuzzFeed.News, 2018

    camaraderie

    Egyptian-American television and news anchor Ayman Mohyeldin reflects in this quote on the importance of sharing and experiencing iftar with the less fortunate. Iftar is the meal that breaks the fast at sunset during Ramadan. He notes the feeling of camaraderie among people at that meal, a word that means “a spirit of trust and goodwill among people closely associated in an activity or endeavor.”

    9.
    We use the fast to try to purify and cleanse our souls, and to ask forgiveness for our sins. We also learn self-restraint and we become much more aware of those less fortunate people around us for whom “fasting” is not a choice, for whom hunger is part of daily life. The fast is an act of worship and a spiritual act; it is also an act of social solidarity.
    —Mehdi Hasan, “What Is Ramadan and Other Questions Answered,” The New Statesman, 2016

    social solidarity

    Mehdi Hasan is a British-American journalist and television host who is here describing what he understands as the purpose of fasting during Ramadan. He says it is a form of social solidarity. Solidarity means “union or fellowship arising from common responsibilities and interests.” Social solidarity specifically describes a kind of fellowship with other people in a community, in this case the Muslim community and greater community at large.

    10.
    The older I get, the more grateful I am for those reminders to stop, be still, reflect, and be grateful. I find those moments can be really restorative like returning to a power station.
    —Tahereh Mafi, interview, Coveteur.com

    restorative

    Young adult author Tahereh Mafi, best known for her Shatter Me series, describes her spiritual practice as a restorative time. Restorative here means “capable of renewing health or strength.” Believe it or not, restorative comes from the same Latin root as the English restaurant.

    11.
    We start the fast in the morning strong. By noon we start to get weaker. By the afternoon, we really begin to feel the fast. By sunset, right before we break it, things get difficult. Our lives mirror this. We start our lives strong as youth until we reach noon time, our 30’s and 40’s, we start to get weak. Once we reach old age … our physical abilities are greatly reduced until we leave this life. Fasting shouts to us our own mortality.
    —Imam Suhaib Webb, Facebook post, 2013

    mortality

    Imam Suhaib Webb in this quote connects the daily fast of Ramadan with the life cycle. Part of the life cycle is death, which reminds us of our mortality, “the state or condition of being subject to death.” The word mortality itself ultimately comes from the Latin mors meaning “death.”

    12.
    Ramadan is a time to control one’s desires and get closer to God. The self-discipline that we learn carries on to other areas of our lives so we can be better family members, friends and, yes, co-workers.
    —Linda Sarsour, quoted in HuffPost.com, 2016

    self-discipline

    The word self-discipline means “training of oneself, usually for improvement.” Political activist Linda Sarsour describes Ramadan, particularly the fast, as a time to work on one’s self-discipline. Discipline comes from the Latin for “instruction.” In this way, self-discipline is a kind of autodidacticism.

    13.
    It’s not a chore, but it is a discipline. And what I mean by that is it takes self-control, it takes some willpower, but it’s a great pleasure and a joy.
    —Ingrid Mattson, interview, “The Meaning of Ramadan,” NPR, 2017

    joy

    Activist and academic Ingrid Mattson also notes that Ramadan is a time of self-discipline. She describes this practice of self-control as a joy, “a source or cause of keen pleasure or delight; something greatly valued or appreciated.” The positive connotation of the word joy makes us think of the Ramadan fast as a beneficial exercise of willpower rather than as something negative.

    14.
    While fasting, understand the whole picture. Remember that fasting is not just about staying away from food. It is about striving to become a better person.
    And in so striving, we are given a chance to escape the darkness of our own isolation from God. But like the sun that sets at the end of the day, so too will Ramadan come and go, leaving only its mark on our heart’s sky.
    —Yasmin Mogahed, from YasmineMogahed.com, 2012

    striving

    Yasmin Mogahed is an educator who teaches people about Islam. In this quote, she encourages people to think of the Ramadan fast as an opportunity to strive, a verb with a variety of meanings including “to exert oneself vigorously; try hard” and “to make strenuous efforts toward any goal.” This word captures the difficult nature of a fast; it comes from the Old French estriver, meaning “to quarrel, compete.”

    15.
    As for fasting, it is a spiritual mindset that gives you the stamina required to play. Through Allah’s mercy, I always felt stronger and more energetic during Ramadan.
    —Hakeem Olajuwon, quoted in Andscape.com, 2017

    stamina

    Hakeem “The Dream” Olajuwon was a center in the NBA in the 1980s and early 1990s. He describes the Ramadan fast as giving him increased stamina, or “strength of physical constitution; power to endure fatigue, privation, etc.” According to some (including his teammates!), he was thought to play especially well during the month of Ramadan.

    16.
    Ramadan for me is this reset where spirituality becomes the core, and I try to build the world around that.
    —Hasan Minhaj, “Ramadan Reflections and Reset,” YouTube, 2021

    reset

    Television host and comedian Hasan Minhaj sees Ramadan as an opportunity to reset, a noun meaning “an act or instance of setting, adjusting, or fixing something in a new or different way.” In other words, it is a chance to put things in a new order or to see the world in a new way.

    17.
    As we welcome the final iftar of #Ramadan this evening, which marks the beginning of Eid—I urge us all to still find joy in our holiday. I know it’s hard with everything going on right now, but our joy is also our resistance. They want to break our spirits. We can’t let them.
    —Amani Al-Khatahtbeh, Twitter (@xoamani), 2021

    resistance

    Ramadan is a time of submission, but for some, like activist and founder of MuslimGirl.com Amani Al-Khatahtbeh, it is also a time of resistance. Resistance means “the act or power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding.”

    18.
    If there’s anything Muslims can do during this global pandemic [during Ramadan], it is to have our compassion shine.
    —Rashida Tlaib, interview, MLive, 2020

    compassion

    Representative Rashida Tlaib serves Michigan’s 13th congressional district. At the height of the coronavirus pandemic, she gave an interview saying that Ramadan was a time for compassion, meaning “a feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune, accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate the suffering.” This is connected to the third pillar of Islam, zakat, meaning “charity.”

    19.
    I’m a person of faith, and the language that I use to define my faith, the symbols and metaphors that I rely upon to express my faith, are those provided by Islam because they make the most sense to me. The Buddha once said, “If you want to draw water, you don’t dig six 1-ft. wells, you dig one 6-ft. well.” Islam is my 6-ft. well.
    —Reza Aslan, quoted in Time, 2013

    language

    Iranian-American writer and public academic Reza Aslan has written and spoken a great deal about the Islamic faith and religion in general. He notes that his language, or “a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or cultural tradition,” when expressing his faith comes from Islam.

    20.
    Remember that the main purpose of this month of fasting is to actually increase our remembrance and closeness to Allah.
    —Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), “Message from Yusuf Islam,” YouTube, 2020

    remembrance

    The legendary folk musician Yusuf Islam, also known as Cat Stevens, encourages others to see the fast during the month of Ramadan as an opportunity to practice remembrance, or “commemoration.” In other words, one should be mindful of God’s presence during this time. In fact, the word remembrance ultimately comes from the Latin root memor, meaning “mindful.”

    21.
    There is always a big emphasis on what children wear for Eid. Growing up, I remember my mother having my outfit ready and laid out a month in advance. One year, I even recall sleeping in my fancy attire, as I was so excited to try it on the night before and knew I would be waking up early for prayer. I remember so much of that time, from the ages of about eight to ten, when I would go shopping with my mom.
    —Halima Aden, quoted in CNA Luxury, 2020

    attire

    Somali-American Halima Aden is a high fashion model, so it’s heartwarming that her memories of Eid (al-Fitr) include clothes. She describes the fancy attire, a word meaning “clothes or apparel, especially rich or splendid garments,” that her mother would get for her and her siblings for the celebration.

    Maybe hearing from all these high-profile people talk about the importance of the month of Ramadan and their faith has got you wanting to learn more about the holiday and its celebration. We have you covered. You can learn more about the important practices, values, and meanings of this time with our article The Major Facts About the Month of Ramadan. Ramadan Mubarak!

    Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    21 Contemplative Quotes From Muslim Americans About The Month Of Ramadan Ramadan is one of the holiest times of the year for Muslims around the world. It’s a time when Muslims fast, reflect, pray, give charity, and come together as a community. Ramadan is observed in different ways around the world, but the bedrock of this holiday is the same; the Qur’an directly states that followers should fast upon the first sight of the new moon in the month of Ramadan to glorify Allah to commemorate when the Qur’an was revealed. During Ramadan, observant Muslims abstain from eating and drinking (yes, that also means water) from sunup to sundown. Ramadan culminates in a celebration known as Eid al-Fitr, or the festival of breaking the fast. To better understand what Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr mean to the Muslim community, here are 21 quotes from prominent Muslim Americans and the key words that highlight the significance of this time. Here you will see reflections on their faith, community, and the meaning of this holy month. 1. The most rewarding part of being a Muslim athlete is my faith in God paired with my faith in myself. I approach every match with positivity and the belief that I can beat anyone on any given day. And in the face of defeat, I am able to learn from my mistakes and work on my weaknesses to prepare for next time. —Ibtihaj Muhammad, interview, Yahoo.com, 2016 faith Ibtihaj Muhammad made history by being the the first Muslim-American woman to wear a hijab while representing the US at the Olympics in 2016, where she won a bronze medal in fencing. Her mother encouraged her to get into fencing because it was a sport she could participate in while respecting their religious beliefs. In this quote, she describes her faith, or “belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion,” and how it helped her meet her athletic goals. 2. And in the process of restraining ourselves from the blessings so readily available to us, we naturally develop empathy for those who aren’t as fortunate. It’s a special type of worship that is incredibly both sacred and fulfilling. It gives a spiritual dimension to being unapologetically Muslim in America. —Omar Suleiman, “Why 80% of American Muslims Fast During Ramadan,” CNN.com, 2018 empathy Omar Suleiman is an American imam and academic who is here describing the purpose of fasting during Ramadan. He notes that it is a way to develop empathy, or “the psychological identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another.” In this case, fasting helps one develop empathy with those who may not have enough to eat. 3. Ramadan is not just predicated upon eating or not eating or drinking or not drinking. It’s a state of mind. And it’s an attempt to achieve God consciousness that carries on throughout the day. —Wajahat Ali, interview, “Revealing Ramadan,” On Being podcast, 2009 state of mind While many focus on the fasting element of Ramadan, writer Wajahat Ali is describing how it is more than just refraining from eating and drinking. It is a state of mind, a term that means “mood or mental state.” The goal is to take on fasting as a way of thinking and feeling throughout the month. 4. Ramadan, Muharram, the Eids; you associate no religious event with the tang of snow in the air, or spring thaw, or the advent of summer. God permeates these things—as the saying goes, Allah is beautiful, and He loves beauty—but they are transient. Forced to concentrate on the eternal, you begin to see, or think you see, the bones and sinews of the world beneath its seasonal flesh. —G. Willow Wilson, The Butterfly Mosque: A Young American Woman’s Journey to Love and Islam, 2010 eternal Author G. Willow Wilson, best known for her work on the Ms. Marvel comic book series featuring Muslim-American teen Kamala Khan, describes in her memoir The Butterfly Mosque how she understands the meaning of the ritual of holidays such as Ramadan with respect to the lunar calendar. She connects it to the eternal, or something “without beginning or end.” 5. At the end of the day we’re all spirits having a physical experience. … And that really comes from my relationship with Islam because it just makes me really conscious of my action. —Mahershala Ali, interview, NPR, 2017 conscious Actor and rapper Mahershala Ali also picks up on the connection between the spiritual and physical world that G. Willow Wilson is discussing. Conscious is an adjective with a variety of meanings, including “aware of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, surroundings, etc.” The word conscious in English comes from the Latin conscius meaning “sharing knowledge with.” 6. It’s about meditation and prayer and thinking about those who are truly less fortunate, feeling that hunger and thirst and observing it day in and day out, sunup to sundown. It’s quite an experience, yeah. —Mo Amer, quoted in the Austin-American Statesman, 2018 meditation Palestinian-American stand-up comedian and writer Mo Amer is best known for his role in the sitcom Ramy. In this quote, Amer describes what Ramadan means to him. He says it is about meditation, meaning “continued or extended thought; reflection; contemplation” or “devout religious contemplation or spiritual introspection.” 7. I think a big part of my faith teachings is to work together towards equality: that we’re all created equal, and under the eyes of God, we all have a right to freedom and to access our rights equally. —Ilhan Omar, quoted in Huffpost.com, 2016 equality Representative Ilhan Omar, one of the first two Muslim women to serve in Congress, represents Minnesota’s 5th congressional district. Here she describes Islam as a religion that promotes equality, “the state or quality of being alike.” Her language here also connects her faith tradition to the preamble to the Declaration of Independence in this quote: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” 8. And you see this humanity and camaraderie and brotherhood that I think is deeply touching, deeply gratifying, and I think in so many ways humbling, and really, kind of helps you reset your emotional and spiritual compass, to know what is important in life, not to take these moments or granted. —Ayman Mohyeldin, quoted in BuzzFeed.News, 2018 camaraderie Egyptian-American television and news anchor Ayman Mohyeldin reflects in this quote on the importance of sharing and experiencing iftar with the less fortunate. Iftar is the meal that breaks the fast at sunset during Ramadan. He notes the feeling of camaraderie among people at that meal, a word that means “a spirit of trust and goodwill among people closely associated in an activity or endeavor.” 9. We use the fast to try to purify and cleanse our souls, and to ask forgiveness for our sins. We also learn self-restraint and we become much more aware of those less fortunate people around us for whom “fasting” is not a choice, for whom hunger is part of daily life. The fast is an act of worship and a spiritual act; it is also an act of social solidarity. —Mehdi Hasan, “What Is Ramadan and Other Questions Answered,” The New Statesman, 2016 social solidarity Mehdi Hasan is a British-American journalist and television host who is here describing what he understands as the purpose of fasting during Ramadan. He says it is a form of social solidarity. Solidarity means “union or fellowship arising from common responsibilities and interests.” Social solidarity specifically describes a kind of fellowship with other people in a community, in this case the Muslim community and greater community at large. 10. The older I get, the more grateful I am for those reminders to stop, be still, reflect, and be grateful. I find those moments can be really restorative like returning to a power station. —Tahereh Mafi, interview, Coveteur.com restorative Young adult author Tahereh Mafi, best known for her Shatter Me series, describes her spiritual practice as a restorative time. Restorative here means “capable of renewing health or strength.” Believe it or not, restorative comes from the same Latin root as the English restaurant. 11. We start the fast in the morning strong. By noon we start to get weaker. By the afternoon, we really begin to feel the fast. By sunset, right before we break it, things get difficult. Our lives mirror this. We start our lives strong as youth until we reach noon time, our 30’s and 40’s, we start to get weak. Once we reach old age … our physical abilities are greatly reduced until we leave this life. Fasting shouts to us our own mortality. —Imam Suhaib Webb, Facebook post, 2013 mortality Imam Suhaib Webb in this quote connects the daily fast of Ramadan with the life cycle. Part of the life cycle is death, which reminds us of our mortality, “the state or condition of being subject to death.” The word mortality itself ultimately comes from the Latin mors meaning “death.” 12. Ramadan is a time to control one’s desires and get closer to God. The self-discipline that we learn carries on to other areas of our lives so we can be better family members, friends and, yes, co-workers. —Linda Sarsour, quoted in HuffPost.com, 2016 self-discipline The word self-discipline means “training of oneself, usually for improvement.” Political activist Linda Sarsour describes Ramadan, particularly the fast, as a time to work on one’s self-discipline. Discipline comes from the Latin for “instruction.” In this way, self-discipline is a kind of autodidacticism. 13. It’s not a chore, but it is a discipline. And what I mean by that is it takes self-control, it takes some willpower, but it’s a great pleasure and a joy. —Ingrid Mattson, interview, “The Meaning of Ramadan,” NPR, 2017 joy Activist and academic Ingrid Mattson also notes that Ramadan is a time of self-discipline. She describes this practice of self-control as a joy, “a source or cause of keen pleasure or delight; something greatly valued or appreciated.” The positive connotation of the word joy makes us think of the Ramadan fast as a beneficial exercise of willpower rather than as something negative. 14. While fasting, understand the whole picture. Remember that fasting is not just about staying away from food. It is about striving to become a better person. And in so striving, we are given a chance to escape the darkness of our own isolation from God. But like the sun that sets at the end of the day, so too will Ramadan come and go, leaving only its mark on our heart’s sky. —Yasmin Mogahed, from YasmineMogahed.com, 2012 striving Yasmin Mogahed is an educator who teaches people about Islam. In this quote, she encourages people to think of the Ramadan fast as an opportunity to strive, a verb with a variety of meanings including “to exert oneself vigorously; try hard” and “to make strenuous efforts toward any goal.” This word captures the difficult nature of a fast; it comes from the Old French estriver, meaning “to quarrel, compete.” 15. As for fasting, it is a spiritual mindset that gives you the stamina required to play. Through Allah’s mercy, I always felt stronger and more energetic during Ramadan. —Hakeem Olajuwon, quoted in Andscape.com, 2017 stamina Hakeem “The Dream” Olajuwon was a center in the NBA in the 1980s and early 1990s. He describes the Ramadan fast as giving him increased stamina, or “strength of physical constitution; power to endure fatigue, privation, etc.” According to some (including his teammates!), he was thought to play especially well during the month of Ramadan. 16. Ramadan for me is this reset where spirituality becomes the core, and I try to build the world around that. —Hasan Minhaj, “Ramadan Reflections and Reset,” YouTube, 2021 reset Television host and comedian Hasan Minhaj sees Ramadan as an opportunity to reset, a noun meaning “an act or instance of setting, adjusting, or fixing something in a new or different way.” In other words, it is a chance to put things in a new order or to see the world in a new way. 17. As we welcome the final iftar of #Ramadan this evening, which marks the beginning of Eid—I urge us all to still find joy in our holiday. I know it’s hard with everything going on right now, but our joy is also our resistance. They want to break our spirits. We can’t let them. —Amani Al-Khatahtbeh, Twitter (@xoamani), 2021 resistance Ramadan is a time of submission, but for some, like activist and founder of MuslimGirl.com Amani Al-Khatahtbeh, it is also a time of resistance. Resistance means “the act or power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding.” 18. If there’s anything Muslims can do during this global pandemic [during Ramadan], it is to have our compassion shine. —Rashida Tlaib, interview, MLive, 2020 compassion Representative Rashida Tlaib serves Michigan’s 13th congressional district. At the height of the coronavirus pandemic, she gave an interview saying that Ramadan was a time for compassion, meaning “a feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune, accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate the suffering.” This is connected to the third pillar of Islam, zakat, meaning “charity.” 19. I’m a person of faith, and the language that I use to define my faith, the symbols and metaphors that I rely upon to express my faith, are those provided by Islam because they make the most sense to me. The Buddha once said, “If you want to draw water, you don’t dig six 1-ft. wells, you dig one 6-ft. well.” Islam is my 6-ft. well. —Reza Aslan, quoted in Time, 2013 language Iranian-American writer and public academic Reza Aslan has written and spoken a great deal about the Islamic faith and religion in general. He notes that his language, or “a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or cultural tradition,” when expressing his faith comes from Islam. 20. Remember that the main purpose of this month of fasting is to actually increase our remembrance and closeness to Allah. —Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), “Message from Yusuf Islam,” YouTube, 2020 remembrance The legendary folk musician Yusuf Islam, also known as Cat Stevens, encourages others to see the fast during the month of Ramadan as an opportunity to practice remembrance, or “commemoration.” In other words, one should be mindful of God’s presence during this time. In fact, the word remembrance ultimately comes from the Latin root memor, meaning “mindful.” 21. There is always a big emphasis on what children wear for Eid. Growing up, I remember my mother having my outfit ready and laid out a month in advance. One year, I even recall sleeping in my fancy attire, as I was so excited to try it on the night before and knew I would be waking up early for prayer. I remember so much of that time, from the ages of about eight to ten, when I would go shopping with my mom. —Halima Aden, quoted in CNA Luxury, 2020 attire Somali-American Halima Aden is a high fashion model, so it’s heartwarming that her memories of Eid (al-Fitr) include clothes. She describes the fancy attire, a word meaning “clothes or apparel, especially rich or splendid garments,” that her mother would get for her and her siblings for the celebration. Maybe hearing from all these high-profile people talk about the importance of the month of Ramadan and their faith has got you wanting to learn more about the holiday and its celebration. We have you covered. You can learn more about the important practices, values, and meanings of this time with our article The Major Facts About the Month of Ramadan. Ramadan Mubarak! Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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  • Synonyms For “Fool” That Are More Than A Fool’s Paradise

    The first of April, also known as April Fools’ Day, is the time for pranksters to shine. Traditionally, the holiday is celebrated by people tricking one another and then yelling, “April fools!” The origins of the holiday are unknown, but it has been observed dating back at least to the Middle Ages, or possibly even further back, making it as old as many of the terms for fool we will be covering here.

    The word fool means “a person who lacks judgment or sense,” from the Latin follis meaning “bellows” or “bag.” That’s right, a fool was the original windbag. Read on to learn about a few of the many words that describe someone who is foolish.

    nincompoop

    One of the most fun words for a “fool or simpleton” is nincompoop. The origins of this word are unknown, but it may have been invented simply because it sounds silly and ridiculous, like the person it describes. One of its earliest uses was in the play The Plain Dealer by William Wycherley (1676), where an old widow throws every insult she can think of at one of her daughter’s suitors.

    oaf

    The word oaf today means “a clumsy, stupid person; lout.” The origins of the word are pretty interesting. It comes from the Old English ælf, meaning “elf.” According to Medieval legend, an oaf was the child of an elf or a goblin. Specifically, an oaf was thought to be a changeling left by elves, and the term was a term used to describe a troublesome child or disavow one not living up to the parents’ expectations. (Harsh!)

    simpleton

    We are all simpletons sometimes, or “an ignorant, foolish, or silly person.” The humble American sandpiper was also known colloquially as a simpleton. It isn’t clear what this bird did to deserve this name, but—as we will see—it is not the first bird allusion that pops up when talking about fools.

    buffoon

    Buffoon has a variety of meanings, but it is most commonly used these days to mean “a silly or foolish person.” The word comes from the Italian buffone, which translates roughly to “one who puffs up their cheeks.” This origin makes more sense when you consider the original meaning of the word, “a person who amuses others by tricks, jokes, odd gestures and postures, etc.” Who among us hasn’t puffed up their cheeks to make a small child (or even a not-so-small adult) laugh?

    schlemiel

    The Yiddish language has many colorful terms for fools, some of which have been adopted into English. One such word is schlemiel [ shluh–meel ], which means “an awkward and unlucky person for whom things never turn out right.” The word comes from the Biblical name Shelumiel, although it is not clear exactly how he became associated with bad fortune (although the Midrash notes that his descendant Zimri caused 24,000 deaths from “plague,” so that might have something to do with it).

    schlimazel

    Another Yiddish word for a fool is schlimazel [ shli-mah-zuhl ], “an inept, bungling person who suffers from unremitting bad luck.” Yiddish is a language that combines German and Hebrew, among other languages, which you can see from the etymology of the word. Shlim comes from the German schlimm meaning “bad,” and mazel comes from the Hebrew for “destiny.” A schlimazel is literally someone who has a bad destiny.

    bonehead

    A bonehead, or blockhead, is a “a foolish or stupid person.” The term was popularized by Major League Baseball player Fred “Bonehead” Merkle. He earned this unfortunate nickname because of an infamous base-running error when he was a rookie teenager—he ran to the dugout at the end of an inning, but forgot to touch second base, resulting in an out. The 1908 error became known as Merkle’s Boner.

    lunkhead

    Another “Americanism” for a fool is lunkhead, “a dull or stupid person.” The origin of lunk is unknown, but it may be a combination of lump and hunk (the original term for a himbo?). One of the earliest examples of this term was in Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn (1884) to describe people at a circus.

    numbskull

    A riff on the -head terms for a fool is numbskull, or numskull, “a dull-witted or stupid person.” An earlier spelling for this word was numpscull. The earliest record of the contemporary spelling of this word comes from a letter by the polemicist Jonathan Swift who wrote to a certain Mr. Wood in 1724, “I remember not to have known a greater numbskull than thou art.” Sick burn.

    birdbrain

    As we noted earlier, birds come up a lot in terms describing fools. It isn’t clear how birds got such a bad reputation. (In fact, some birds are quite smart by human standards, and corvids in particular are sometimes described as having the same intelligence as a child.) One such insulting term is birdbrain, which means “a stupid, foolish, or scatterbrained person.”

    pigeon

    The word pigeon of course refers to those ubiquitous city-dwelling birds, but it is also an antique slang term for “a person who is easily fooled or cheated; dupe.” This meaning of pigeon is found in the 1960s slang term pigeon artist, an alternative term for a conman.

    gull

    Although gull looks like a bird reference, it actually has a different origin. As a noun, gull can refer, of course, to a seagull, but it can also mean “a person who is easily deceived or cheated; dupe.” This is where we get the more common gullible. The word gull in this sense comes from the verb gull meaning “to dupe, cheat, befool.”

    clod

    Clod literally means “a lump or mass, especially of earth or clay.” However, it is also used figuratively to mean “a stupid person; blockhead; dolt.” The use of the word in this sense dates to the 1500s, where it was sometimes elaborated on with -poll or -pole, an archaic term for “head,” as in clod-poll. As you might have gathered by now, insulting someone’s heads or brains is a common way to call someone a fool.

    stooge

    The word stooge literally means “an entertainer who feeds lines to the main comedian and usually serves as the butt of his or her jokes.” It also is used more generally to mean “any underling, assistant, or accomplice.” However, in popular usage, calling someone a stooge implies that they are foolish. It’s possible that this meaning was popularized by the famous comedians The Three Stooges who were known for acting ridiculous.

    boob

    A boob is more than just a female breast. It can also mean “a stupid person; fool; dunce.” The word is a backformation from the earlier booby, which was a corruption of the earlier pooby. Pooby in turn comes from a combination of the verb poop meaning “to befool” and baby—literally, poop baby.

    pilgarlic

    You may have already noticed that many of the terms for fools have archaic origins. One such term is pilgarlic, “a person regarded with mild or pretended contempt or pity.” The term originally referred to “a baldheaded man.” The word itself comes from the earlier pyllyd garleke, “a metaphor for a bald man, whose head is compared to a peeled garlic bulb.”

    dolt

    Sometimes these words get straight to the point, which is the case with dolt, “a dull, stupid person; blockhead.” Dolt is a variant of the obsolete dold, meaning “stupid.” And the verb dolt—also obsolete—used to mean “befool” or, later, “to play the fool.”

    chump

    Another word for a dolt is a chump, “a stupid person.” The word chump originally meant “a short, thick piece of wood.” In essence, calling someone a chump is comparing them to a piece of wood.

    patsy

    A patsy is “a person who is the object of a joke, ridicule, or the like.” On April Fools’ Day, you’re always at risk of being someone’s patsy, or target for a prank. The origins of this word are unknown, although it may originate from or have been popularized by vaudevillian character Patsy Bolivar, who was often the butt of a joke.

    dupe

    Another word for a patsy is a dupe, “a person who is easily deceived or fooled.” It is possible that this word’s origins circle back to birds by way of French and Latin, specifically the hoopoe, a bird thought to be especially stupid.

    Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Synonyms For “Fool” That Are More Than A Fool’s Paradise The first of April, also known as April Fools’ Day, is the time for pranksters to shine. Traditionally, the holiday is celebrated by people tricking one another and then yelling, “April fools!” The origins of the holiday are unknown, but it has been observed dating back at least to the Middle Ages, or possibly even further back, making it as old as many of the terms for fool we will be covering here. The word fool means “a person who lacks judgment or sense,” from the Latin follis meaning “bellows” or “bag.” That’s right, a fool was the original windbag. Read on to learn about a few of the many words that describe someone who is foolish. nincompoop One of the most fun words for a “fool or simpleton” is nincompoop. The origins of this word are unknown, but it may have been invented simply because it sounds silly and ridiculous, like the person it describes. One of its earliest uses was in the play The Plain Dealer by William Wycherley (1676), where an old widow throws every insult she can think of at one of her daughter’s suitors. oaf The word oaf today means “a clumsy, stupid person; lout.” The origins of the word are pretty interesting. It comes from the Old English ælf, meaning “elf.” According to Medieval legend, an oaf was the child of an elf or a goblin. Specifically, an oaf was thought to be a changeling left by elves, and the term was a term used to describe a troublesome child or disavow one not living up to the parents’ expectations. (Harsh!) simpleton We are all simpletons sometimes, or “an ignorant, foolish, or silly person.” The humble American sandpiper was also known colloquially as a simpleton. It isn’t clear what this bird did to deserve this name, but—as we will see—it is not the first bird allusion that pops up when talking about fools. buffoon Buffoon has a variety of meanings, but it is most commonly used these days to mean “a silly or foolish person.” The word comes from the Italian buffone, which translates roughly to “one who puffs up their cheeks.” This origin makes more sense when you consider the original meaning of the word, “a person who amuses others by tricks, jokes, odd gestures and postures, etc.” Who among us hasn’t puffed up their cheeks to make a small child (or even a not-so-small adult) laugh? schlemiel The Yiddish language has many colorful terms for fools, some of which have been adopted into English. One such word is schlemiel [ shluh–meel ], which means “an awkward and unlucky person for whom things never turn out right.” The word comes from the Biblical name Shelumiel, although it is not clear exactly how he became associated with bad fortune (although the Midrash notes that his descendant Zimri caused 24,000 deaths from “plague,” so that might have something to do with it). schlimazel Another Yiddish word for a fool is schlimazel [ shli-mah-zuhl ], “an inept, bungling person who suffers from unremitting bad luck.” Yiddish is a language that combines German and Hebrew, among other languages, which you can see from the etymology of the word. Shlim comes from the German schlimm meaning “bad,” and mazel comes from the Hebrew for “destiny.” A schlimazel is literally someone who has a bad destiny. bonehead A bonehead, or blockhead, is a “a foolish or stupid person.” The term was popularized by Major League Baseball player Fred “Bonehead” Merkle. He earned this unfortunate nickname because of an infamous base-running error when he was a rookie teenager—he ran to the dugout at the end of an inning, but forgot to touch second base, resulting in an out. The 1908 error became known as Merkle’s Boner. lunkhead Another “Americanism” for a fool is lunkhead, “a dull or stupid person.” The origin of lunk is unknown, but it may be a combination of lump and hunk (the original term for a himbo?). One of the earliest examples of this term was in Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn (1884) to describe people at a circus. numbskull A riff on the -head terms for a fool is numbskull, or numskull, “a dull-witted or stupid person.” An earlier spelling for this word was numpscull. The earliest record of the contemporary spelling of this word comes from a letter by the polemicist Jonathan Swift who wrote to a certain Mr. Wood in 1724, “I remember not to have known a greater numbskull than thou art.” Sick burn. birdbrain As we noted earlier, birds come up a lot in terms describing fools. It isn’t clear how birds got such a bad reputation. (In fact, some birds are quite smart by human standards, and corvids in particular are sometimes described as having the same intelligence as a child.) One such insulting term is birdbrain, which means “a stupid, foolish, or scatterbrained person.” pigeon The word pigeon of course refers to those ubiquitous city-dwelling birds, but it is also an antique slang term for “a person who is easily fooled or cheated; dupe.” This meaning of pigeon is found in the 1960s slang term pigeon artist, an alternative term for a conman. gull Although gull looks like a bird reference, it actually has a different origin. As a noun, gull can refer, of course, to a seagull, but it can also mean “a person who is easily deceived or cheated; dupe.” This is where we get the more common gullible. The word gull in this sense comes from the verb gull meaning “to dupe, cheat, befool.” clod Clod literally means “a lump or mass, especially of earth or clay.” However, it is also used figuratively to mean “a stupid person; blockhead; dolt.” The use of the word in this sense dates to the 1500s, where it was sometimes elaborated on with -poll or -pole, an archaic term for “head,” as in clod-poll. As you might have gathered by now, insulting someone’s heads or brains is a common way to call someone a fool. stooge The word stooge literally means “an entertainer who feeds lines to the main comedian and usually serves as the butt of his or her jokes.” It also is used more generally to mean “any underling, assistant, or accomplice.” However, in popular usage, calling someone a stooge implies that they are foolish. It’s possible that this meaning was popularized by the famous comedians The Three Stooges who were known for acting ridiculous. boob A boob is more than just a female breast. It can also mean “a stupid person; fool; dunce.” The word is a backformation from the earlier booby, which was a corruption of the earlier pooby. Pooby in turn comes from a combination of the verb poop meaning “to befool” and baby—literally, poop baby. pilgarlic You may have already noticed that many of the terms for fools have archaic origins. One such term is pilgarlic, “a person regarded with mild or pretended contempt or pity.” The term originally referred to “a baldheaded man.” The word itself comes from the earlier pyllyd garleke, “a metaphor for a bald man, whose head is compared to a peeled garlic bulb.” dolt Sometimes these words get straight to the point, which is the case with dolt, “a dull, stupid person; blockhead.” Dolt is a variant of the obsolete dold, meaning “stupid.” And the verb dolt—also obsolete—used to mean “befool” or, later, “to play the fool.” chump Another word for a dolt is a chump, “a stupid person.” The word chump originally meant “a short, thick piece of wood.” In essence, calling someone a chump is comparing them to a piece of wood. patsy A patsy is “a person who is the object of a joke, ridicule, or the like.” On April Fools’ Day, you’re always at risk of being someone’s patsy, or target for a prank. The origins of this word are unknown, although it may originate from or have been popularized by vaudevillian character Patsy Bolivar, who was often the butt of a joke. dupe Another word for a patsy is a dupe, “a person who is easily deceived or fooled.” It is possible that this word’s origins circle back to birds by way of French and Latin, specifically the hoopoe, a bird thought to be especially stupid. Copyright 2024, AAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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    JUST IN: 🇊🇚 European Federation of Journalists representing 320,000 members officially quits X (Twitter) citing "disinformation concerns."
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    12:17 AM · Nov 29, 2024 · 329.3K Views
    https://x.com/BRICSinfo/status/1862184076687384759
    🇊🇚 āļŠāļŦāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļ™āļąāļāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ›āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļ āđ“āđ’āđ,āđāđāđ āļĢāļēāļĒ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļĨāļēāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļ X āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ (Twitter) āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡ "āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļąāļ‡āļ§āļĨāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆ" . JUST IN: 🇊🇚 European Federation of Journalists representing 320,000 members officially quits X (Twitter) citing "disinformation concerns." . 12:17 AM · Nov 29, 2024 · 329.3K Views https://x.com/BRICSinfo/status/1862184076687384759
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    ðŸ”ī āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Kernel āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° āđ™āđ”.āđ“āđ— āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Namsen LTD āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° āđ•.āđ–āđ“ āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒ
    .
    #āđ’ MHP S.E., āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ‹āļ›āļĢāļąāļŠ: āđ“āđ•āđ‘,āđ–āđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ

    āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļŸ, āđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļ„āļēāļ‹āļĩ, āđ‚āļ›āļĨāļ•āļēāļ§āļē, āļ‹āļđāļĄāļĩ, āļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ€āļ›āļ•āļĢāļ­āļŸāļŠāļ„āđŒ, āđ‚āļ”āđ€āļ™āļ•āļŠāļ„āđŒ, āđ€āļ„āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ‹āļ­āļ™, āļ§āļīāļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļ‹āļē, āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļĩāļ§āļēāđ‚āļ™-āļŸāļĢāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ­āļŸāļŠāļ„āđŒ

    āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™:

    ðŸ”ī āļĒāļđāļĢāļī āđ€āļ­. āđ‚āļ„āļ‹āļīāļ­āļļāļ„ āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ (āļ‹āļĩāļ­āļĩāđ‚āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡) – āđ•āđ™.āđ—%

    ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē – āđ“.āđ™%

    ðŸ”ī Norges Bank Investment Management, āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ§āļĒāđŒ – āđ“.āđ‘āđ‘%

    ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ – āđ’.āđ’āđ•%

    ðŸ”ī BNP Asset Management Holding, āļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠ – āđ‘.āđ“āđ–% āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†
    .
    #āđ“ UkrLandFarming PLC, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ‹āļ›āļĢāļąāļŠ: āđ“āđ“āđ,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ

    āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™ āđ’āđ’ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™

    āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™:

    ðŸ”ī Oleg Bakhmatyuk āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ – āđ™āđ•%

    ðŸ”ī Cargill, US – āđ•%
    .
    #āđ” NCH Capital, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē: āđ’āđ™āđ,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ

    āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Poltava, Vinnytsa, Zhitomir, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Rovno, Volyn āđāļĨāļ° Lvov

    āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™: NCH Capital āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļļāļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— AgroProsperis
    .
    #āđ• Astarta Holding, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ™āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ: āđ’āđ‘āđ’,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ

    āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Poltava, Vinnytsa, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Chernigov āđāļĨāļ° Zhitomir

    āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™:

    ðŸ”ī Viktor Ivanchyk āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ (āļ‹āļĩāļ­āļĩāđ‚āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡) – āđ”āđ‘.āđ’āđ”%

    ðŸ”ī Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd., āđāļ„āļ™āļēāļ”āļē – āđ“āđ.āđ˜āđ”%

    ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē – āđ’.āđ—āđ’%

    ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ – āđ‘.āđ™āđ“%

    ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V, āđ€āļ™āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ (āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Goldman Sachs) – āđ.āđ”āđ–%

    ðŸ”ī āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĢāļēāļĒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†
    .
    ðŸ§ĩHOW WESTERN COMPANIES ARE QUIETLY TAKING CONTROL OVER UKRAINE'S LAND

    From Jan 1, 2024, Ukraine's land reform allows local firms to buy land but bars foreigners until a referendum. However, Western companies have quietly entered the market, aided by top five local landowners.
    .
    Listing foreign shareholders of Ukrainian top agriculture firms, the Oakland Institute, a US-based think tank, refers to limited information and lack of transparency in the Ukrainian oligarch-driven companies, who are also highly indebted to North American and European financial institutions.

    Who are Ukraine's top five landowners and who is behind them?
    .
    #1 Kernel Holdings SA, registered in Luxembourg: 363,000 ha

    Regions of activity, according to the Ukrainian Latifundist website: Ternopol, Odessa, Nikolaev, Kirovograd, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk and Khmelnytsky regions

    Shareholders, according to the Oakland Institute's 2023 study, include:

    ðŸ”ī Namsen Ltd. (owned by Ukrainian oligarch Andriy Verevsky) – 42.62%

    ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, US – 3.2%

    ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, UK – 1.9%

    ðŸ”ī Vanguard Group Inc., US – 1.87%

    ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V., Netherlands – which belongs to Goldman Sachs, which, in its turn lists Vanguard, BlackRock and State Street Global Advisors as its shareholders – 1.18% and other foreign minority shareholders

    ðŸ”ī According to Kernel's official website, 94.37% of its shares now belongs to Namsen LTD and 5.63% are in hands of private investors
    .
    #2 MHP S.E., registered Cyprus: 351,600 ha

    Active regions: Kiev, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Vinnytsa and Ivano-Frankovsk regions

    Shareholders:

    ðŸ”ī Ukrainian oligarch Yuriy A. Kosyuk (CEO and founder) – 59.7%

    ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, US – 3.9%

    ðŸ”ī Norges Bank Investment Management, Norway – 3.11%

    ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, UK – 2.25%

    ðŸ”ī BNP Asset Management Holding, France – 1.36% and others
    .
    #3 UkrLandFarming PLC, registered in Cyprus: 330,000 ha

    Active regions: Land and enterprises are located in 22 regions of Ukraine.

    Shareholders:

    ðŸ”ī Ukrainian oligarch Oleg Bakhmatyuk – 95%

    ðŸ”ī Cargill, US – 5%
    .
    #4 NCH Capital, registered in US: 290,000 ha

    Active regions: Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Poltava, Vinnytsa, Zhitomir, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Rovno, Volyn and Lvov regions

    Shareholders: NCH Capital is a US-based private equity firm that operates in Ukraine through the company AgroProsperis
    .
    #5 Astarta Holding, registered in Netherlands: 212,000 ha

    Active regions: Poltava, Vinnytsa, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Chernigov and Zhitomir regions

    Shareholders:

    ðŸ”ī Ukrainian oligarch Viktor Ivanchyk (CEO and founder) – 41.24%

    ðŸ”ī Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd., Canada – 30.84%

    ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, US – 2.72%

    ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, UK – 1.93%

    ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V, Netherlands (belongs to Goldman Sachs) – 0.46%

    ðŸ”ī and other foreign minority shareholders.
    .
    2:40 AM · Nov 26, 2024 · 4,673 Views
    https://x.com/SputnikInt/status/1861132785898893708
    ðŸ§ĩāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļĩāļĒāļšāđ†āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āđ‘ āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ āđ’āđāđ’āđ”, āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļ§āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļˆāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļ•āļī āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ, āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļĩāļĒāļšāđ†, āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āđ• āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ . āļĢāļēāļĒāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļģāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™, āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āđ‚āļ­āđŠāļ„āđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ, āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē, āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđƒāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđƒāļ™āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™, āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļēāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļļāđ‚āļĢāļ› āđƒāļ„āļĢāļ„āļ·āļ­āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āđ• āļ­āļąāļ™āļ”āļąāļšāđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ„āļĢāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ€āļšāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļē? . #āđ‘ Kernel Holdings SA, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĨāļąāļāđ€āļ‹āļĄāđ€āļšāļīāļĢāđŒāļ: āđ“āđ–āđ“,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ, āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒ Ukrainian Latifundist: āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Ternopol, Odessa, Nikolaev, Kirovograd, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk āđāļĨāļ° Khmelnytsky āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Oakland Institute āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ āđ’āđāđ’āđ“ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ: ðŸ”ī Namsen Ltd. (āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒ Andriy Verevsky āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđƒāļ™āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™) – āđ”āđ’.āđ–āđ’% ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē – āđ“.āđ’% ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ – āđ‘.āđ™% ðŸ”ī Vanguard Group Inc., āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē – āđ‘.āđ˜āđ—% ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V., āđ€āļ™āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ – āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Goldman Sachs āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒ Vanguard, BlackRock āđāļĨāļ° State Street Global Advisors āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° āđ‘.āđ‘āđ˜ āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĢāļēāļĒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† ðŸ”ī āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Kernel āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° āđ™āđ”.āđ“āđ— āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Namsen LTD āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° āđ•.āđ–āđ“ āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒ . #āđ’ MHP S.E., āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ‹āļ›āļĢāļąāļŠ: āđ“āđ•āđ‘,āđ–āđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļŸ, āđ€āļŠāļ­āļĢāđŒāļ„āļēāļ‹āļĩ, āđ‚āļ›āļĨāļ•āļēāļ§āļē, āļ‹āļđāļĄāļĩ, āļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ€āļ›āļ•āļĢāļ­āļŸāļŠāļ„āđŒ, āđ‚āļ”āđ€āļ™āļ•āļŠāļ„āđŒ, āđ€āļ„āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ‹āļ­āļ™, āļ§āļīāļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļ‹āļē, āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļĩāļ§āļēāđ‚āļ™-āļŸāļĢāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ­āļŸāļŠāļ„āđŒ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™: ðŸ”ī āļĒāļđāļĢāļī āđ€āļ­. āđ‚āļ„āļ‹āļīāļ­āļļāļ„ āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ (āļ‹āļĩāļ­āļĩāđ‚āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡) – āđ•āđ™.āđ—% ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē – āđ“.āđ™% ðŸ”ī Norges Bank Investment Management, āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ§āļĒāđŒ – āđ“.āđ‘āđ‘% ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ – āđ’.āđ’āđ•% ðŸ”ī BNP Asset Management Holding, āļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠ – āđ‘.āđ“āđ–% āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† . #āđ“ UkrLandFarming PLC, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ„āļ‹āļ›āļĢāļąāļŠ: āđ“āđ“āđ,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™ āđ’āđ’ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™: ðŸ”ī Oleg Bakhmatyuk āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ – āđ™āđ•% ðŸ”ī Cargill, US – āđ•% . #āđ” NCH Capital, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē: āđ’āđ™āđ,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Poltava, Vinnytsa, Zhitomir, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Rovno, Volyn āđāļĨāļ° Lvov āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™: NCH Capital āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ—āļļāļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— AgroProsperis . #āđ• Astarta Holding, āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ™āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ: āđ’āđ‘āđ’,āđāđāđ āđ€āļŪāļāļ•āļēāļĢāđŒ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢ: āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ Poltava, Vinnytsa, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Chernigov āđāļĨāļ° Zhitomir āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™: ðŸ”ī Viktor Ivanchyk āļĄāļŦāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļĩāļŠāļēāļ§āļĒāļđāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ™ (āļ‹āļĩāļ­āļĩāđ‚āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡) – āđ”āđ‘.āđ’āđ”% ðŸ”ī Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd., āđāļ„āļ™āļēāļ”āļē – āđ“āđ.āđ˜āđ”% ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĢāļīāļāļē – āđ’.āđ—āđ’% ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, āļŠāļŦāļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ – āđ‘.āđ™āđ“% ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V, āđ€āļ™āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ (āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Goldman Sachs) – āđ.āđ”āđ–% ðŸ”ī āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒāļŠāļēāļ§āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļĢāļēāļĒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† . ðŸ§ĩHOW WESTERN COMPANIES ARE QUIETLY TAKING CONTROL OVER UKRAINE'S LAND From Jan 1, 2024, Ukraine's land reform allows local firms to buy land but bars foreigners until a referendum. However, Western companies have quietly entered the market, aided by top five local landowners. . Listing foreign shareholders of Ukrainian top agriculture firms, the Oakland Institute, a US-based think tank, refers to limited information and lack of transparency in the Ukrainian oligarch-driven companies, who are also highly indebted to North American and European financial institutions. Who are Ukraine's top five landowners and who is behind them? . #1 Kernel Holdings SA, registered in Luxembourg: 363,000 ha Regions of activity, according to the Ukrainian Latifundist website: Ternopol, Odessa, Nikolaev, Kirovograd, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk and Khmelnytsky regions Shareholders, according to the Oakland Institute's 2023 study, include: ðŸ”ī Namsen Ltd. (owned by Ukrainian oligarch Andriy Verevsky) – 42.62% ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, US – 3.2% ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, UK – 1.9% ðŸ”ī Vanguard Group Inc., US – 1.87% ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V., Netherlands – which belongs to Goldman Sachs, which, in its turn lists Vanguard, BlackRock and State Street Global Advisors as its shareholders – 1.18% and other foreign minority shareholders ðŸ”ī According to Kernel's official website, 94.37% of its shares now belongs to Namsen LTD and 5.63% are in hands of private investors . #2 MHP S.E., registered Cyprus: 351,600 ha Active regions: Kiev, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Vinnytsa and Ivano-Frankovsk regions Shareholders: ðŸ”ī Ukrainian oligarch Yuriy A. Kosyuk (CEO and founder) – 59.7% ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, US – 3.9% ðŸ”ī Norges Bank Investment Management, Norway – 3.11% ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, UK – 2.25% ðŸ”ī BNP Asset Management Holding, France – 1.36% and others . #3 UkrLandFarming PLC, registered in Cyprus: 330,000 ha Active regions: Land and enterprises are located in 22 regions of Ukraine. Shareholders: ðŸ”ī Ukrainian oligarch Oleg Bakhmatyuk – 95% ðŸ”ī Cargill, US – 5% . #4 NCH Capital, registered in US: 290,000 ha Active regions: Sumy, Chernigov, Kharkov, Poltava, Vinnytsa, Zhitomir, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Rovno, Volyn and Lvov regions Shareholders: NCH Capital is a US-based private equity firm that operates in Ukraine through the company AgroProsperis . #5 Astarta Holding, registered in Netherlands: 212,000 ha Active regions: Poltava, Vinnytsa, Khmelnytsky, Ternopol, Chernigov and Zhitomir regions Shareholders: ðŸ”ī Ukrainian oligarch Viktor Ivanchyk (CEO and founder) – 41.24% ðŸ”ī Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd., Canada – 30.84% ðŸ”ī Kopernik Global Investors LLC, US – 2.72% ðŸ”ī Heptagon Capital LLP, UK – 1.93% ðŸ”ī NN Investment Partners Holdings N.V, Netherlands (belongs to Goldman Sachs) – 0.46% ðŸ”ī and other foreign minority shareholders. . 2:40 AM · Nov 26, 2024 · 4,673 Views https://x.com/SputnikInt/status/1861132785898893708
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  • Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?
    Native Tribes of North America Mapped

    The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in North America about 15 thousand years ago.
    As a result, a wide diversity of communities, societies, and cultures finally developed on the continent over the millennia.

    The population figure for Indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus was 70 million or more.

    About 562 tribes inhabited the contiguous U.S. territory.

    Ten largest North American Indian tribes: Arikara, Cherokee, Iroquois, Pawnee, Sioux, Apache, Eskimo, Comanche, Choctaw, Cree, Ojibwa, Mohawk, Cheyenne, Navajo, Seminole, Hope, Shoshone, Mohican, Shawnee, Mi’kmaq, Paiute, Wampanoag, Ho-Chunk, Chumash, Haida.
    Below is the tribal map of Pre-European North America.

    The old map below gives a Native American perspective by placing the tribes in full flower ~ the “Glory Days.”
    It is pre-contact from across the eastern sea or, at least, before that contact seriously affected change. Stretching over 400 years, the time of contact was quite different from tribe to tribe. For instance, the “Glory Days” of the Maya and Aztec came to an end very long before the interior tribes of other areas, with some still resisting almost until the 20th Century.
    At one time, numbering in the millions, the native peoples spoke close to 4,000 languages.
    The Americas’ European conquest, which began in 1492, ended in a sharp drop in the Native American population through epidemics, hostilities, ethnic cleansing, and slavery.
    When the United States was founded, established Native American tribes were viewed as semi-independent nations, as they commonly lived in communities separate from white immigrants.
    Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books? Native Tribes of North America Mapped The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in North America about 15 thousand years ago. As a result, a wide diversity of communities, societies, and cultures finally developed on the continent over the millennia. The population figure for Indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus was 70 million or more. About 562 tribes inhabited the contiguous U.S. territory. Ten largest North American Indian tribes: Arikara, Cherokee, Iroquois, Pawnee, Sioux, Apache, Eskimo, Comanche, Choctaw, Cree, Ojibwa, Mohawk, Cheyenne, Navajo, Seminole, Hope, Shoshone, Mohican, Shawnee, Mi’kmaq, Paiute, Wampanoag, Ho-Chunk, Chumash, Haida. Below is the tribal map of Pre-European North America. The old map below gives a Native American perspective by placing the tribes in full flower ~ the “Glory Days.” It is pre-contact from across the eastern sea or, at least, before that contact seriously affected change. Stretching over 400 years, the time of contact was quite different from tribe to tribe. For instance, the “Glory Days” of the Maya and Aztec came to an end very long before the interior tribes of other areas, with some still resisting almost until the 20th Century. At one time, numbering in the millions, the native peoples spoke close to 4,000 languages. The Americas’ European conquest, which began in 1492, ended in a sharp drop in the Native American population through epidemics, hostilities, ethnic cleansing, and slavery. When the United States was founded, established Native American tribes were viewed as semi-independent nations, as they commonly lived in communities separate from white immigrants.
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  • ðŸ—Ģ āļ›āļđāļ•āļīāļ™āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ BRICS:

    ðŸ”ļāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ BRICS āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ”āļ§āļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ

    ðŸ”ļāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‚āļēāļĒāļ˜āļąāļāļžāļ·āļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ BRICS āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļ‡āļāļģāđ„āļĢāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ

    ðŸ”ļāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļ BRICS

    ðŸ”ļāļĢāļąāļŠāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāđāļĒāļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļŠāļĢāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ BRICS

    #BRICS2024
    .
    ðŸ—Ģ PUTIN ON NEW ECONOMIC INITIATIVES WITHIN BRICS:

    ðŸ”ļThe New BRICS Investment Platform is designed to bolster national economies and facilitate investments among the group's nations.

    ðŸ”ļEstablishing the BRICS Grain Exchange is aimed at safeguarding national markets from external interference and speculation.

    ðŸ”ļSetting up a platform for fair competition is needed to promote equitable competition among BRICS member countries.

    ðŸ”ļRussia suggests the creation of a separate platform for precious metals and diamonds within the BRICS framework.

    #BRICS2024
    .
    5:16 PM · Oct 23, 2024 · 2,865 Views
    https://x.com/SputnikInt/status/1849032191025566146
    ðŸ—Ģ āļ›āļđāļ•āļīāļ™āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ BRICS: ðŸ”ļāđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ BRICS āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĄāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ”āļ§āļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ ðŸ”ļāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‚āļēāļĒāļ˜āļąāļāļžāļ·āļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ BRICS āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļ‡āļāļģāđ„āļĢāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ ðŸ”ļāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļ BRICS ðŸ”ļāļĢāļąāļŠāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļžāļĨāļ•āļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāđāļĒāļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļĨāļŦāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļŠāļĢāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ BRICS #BRICS2024 . ðŸ—Ģ PUTIN ON NEW ECONOMIC INITIATIVES WITHIN BRICS: ðŸ”ļThe New BRICS Investment Platform is designed to bolster national economies and facilitate investments among the group's nations. ðŸ”ļEstablishing the BRICS Grain Exchange is aimed at safeguarding national markets from external interference and speculation. ðŸ”ļSetting up a platform for fair competition is needed to promote equitable competition among BRICS member countries. ðŸ”ļRussia suggests the creation of a separate platform for precious metals and diamonds within the BRICS framework. #BRICS2024 . 5:16 PM · Oct 23, 2024 · 2,865 Views https://x.com/SputnikInt/status/1849032191025566146
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  • Idioms To Express Your Feelings With All Your Heart

    There are many ways to talk about that feeling you get when you’re romantically attracted to someone. The go-to word is love, but that little word has to do a lot of work to communicate such a deep feeling that can also have many shades of meaning. Luckily for all of us, the English language has lots of idioms, or figurative expressions, to help us describe our affections more vividly. Whether you’re trying to pen the perfect message for Valentine’s Day or hoping to win over the cutie you just met, these idioms might be just what you need to reveal what’s in your heart!


    head over heels
    Ever been so in love that the object of your affections is all you can think about? Then you were head over heels for them. The idiom head over heels describes the action of falling down or doing a somersault. (Originally the expression was heels over head, but it, well, flipped during the 1700s.) In other words, if you are head over heels for someone, you are thoroughly in love with them.

    apple of one’s eye
    Someone or something that is special to you is the apple of your eye. What is so special about apples? Historically, the apple of the eye was an idiom that simply described the pupil, or black aperture in the eyeball. In ancient times, it was believed that the pupil was a hard round object, like an apple. The apple of one’s eye came to be associated with a particular object of affection or focus by the early 1800s, possibly because one’s pupil is associated with sight—and gazing fondly at someone.

    love you to the moon and back
    What is the farthest distance you can imagine from where you are right now? Probably somewhere in outer space, right? That is the thinking behind the hyperbolic expression love you to the moon and back: you love them as much as you can possibly imagine loving someone. While the origins of this expression are a little obscure, it may have been inspired by the moon race in the 1960s. At any rate, the meaning is clear. If you love someone to the moon and back, you really love them a lot.

    puppy love
    If the notion of puppy love sounds adorable, that’s because it often is. A puppy is a young dog, and puppy love is something typically associated with young people, particularly teenagers (or someone acting like a teenager). Puppy love describes a “temporary infatuation of a young person for another person.” The temporary part is important here—often young people will fall in and out of love very quickly.

    lovebirds
    The word lovebirds is another animal-inspired idiom used to describe a couple. Lovebirds are small parrots, particularly Agapornis, that live as bonded pairs. So the word lovebirds can describe couples who display similar behavior, acting affectionately towards each other.

    take one’s breath away
    If the mere sight of someone sets the world spinning, you could say that person takes your breath away. The expression is not only used to describe love, but any strong emotion of astonishment or shock. Take one’s breath away refers to that moment when people hold their breath while experiencing strong emotions.

    to have butterflies in one’s stomach
    The object of your affections might inspire a sensation that can be described as having butterflies in one’s stomach. Imagine if you actually had a bunch of butterflies in your tummy—it would probably feel kind of strange and fluttery. This idiom can refer to anything that makes you nervous, whether that’s someone you have a crush on or a big speech.

    have the hots (for)
    Affection is not always about love—sexual attraction can be an important component of that emotion as well. That’s what the expression to have the hots (for someone) describes. Someone who is physically attractive causes a heated feeling of desire and can be described as hot. It is this figurative expression that to have the hots (for) is likely referencing. You find the other person to be hot.

    old flame
    Love, sadly, does not always last forever. Someone you used to date or desire, but no longer do, can be described as an old flame. The word flame suggests you once may have had the hots for that person.

    carry a torch for
    Another fire-related idiom to describe love is carry a torch (for). If you are carrying a torch for someone, you still have love for them even though the relationship is over and may have ended a long time ago. It’s often advised that you should not carry a torch for someone who doesn’t love you back, but it’s easier said than done. Interestingly, this idiom might be linked to the term torch song, which in the early 1900s referred to a sad love song.

    tie the knot
    When two people get married, one idiom to describe this rite of passage is tying the knot. The expression dates to the 1700s. This idiom has quite a literal origin. It refers to the ancient Celtic practice of handfasting, when a cord or ribbon is used to bind the hands of the two betrotheds together in a symbol of their marriage.

    get hitched
    Another informal expression for describing marriage is to get hitched. To hitch means “to fasten oneself to something.” If two people are getting hitched, it means they are, figuratively, fastening themselves together.

    whisper sweet nothings
    When you are lying in bed with the person you love, they may whisper sweet nothings in your ear. The expression sweet nothings refers to the kind of nonsensical, sappy things that lovers will say to one another. Another word to describe this kind of dopey language is sweet talk.

    lovey-dovey
    A couple that is particularly affectionate with each other can be described as lovey-dovey. The origins of this phrase are a little obscure. It is possible that dove, as in the bird also known as a pigeon, simply rhymes well with love. Another possible explanation is that doves are particularly affectionate towards their mates and are used as a symbol for love. Whatever the origin, when two people act all lovey-dovey, they are really in love.

    better half
    One concept of love is that the person you love “completes” you; you are “half a person” without them. This notion is what is illustrated in the expression better half. This is most often used to describe one’s spouse.

    those three little words
    A confession of love can change everything about a relationship—especially if these three words are involved: I. Love. You. The expression those three little words or those three small words refers specifically to the sentence “I love you.”

    my person
    Sometimes labeling a relationship can be tricky. The phrase my person, popularized by the long-running medical drama Grey’s Anatomy, describes someone who is a close partner but may not be a spouse. It implies that two people belong together, even if the relationship is not formalized.

    ride or die
    Ride or die is a colloquial expression describing extreme loyalty, such as you would have between two people who love each other. The term comes from modern hip-hop in reference to the legendary outlaws Bonnie and Clyde. It can function as a noun (as in she’s my ride or die) or a verb (we would ride or die for each other).

    Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
    Idioms To Express Your Feelings With All Your Heart There are many ways to talk about that feeling you get when you’re romantically attracted to someone. The go-to word is love, but that little word has to do a lot of work to communicate such a deep feeling that can also have many shades of meaning. Luckily for all of us, the English language has lots of idioms, or figurative expressions, to help us describe our affections more vividly. Whether you’re trying to pen the perfect message for Valentine’s Day or hoping to win over the cutie you just met, these idioms might be just what you need to reveal what’s in your heart! head over heels Ever been so in love that the object of your affections is all you can think about? Then you were head over heels for them. The idiom head over heels describes the action of falling down or doing a somersault. (Originally the expression was heels over head, but it, well, flipped during the 1700s.) In other words, if you are head over heels for someone, you are thoroughly in love with them. apple of one’s eye Someone or something that is special to you is the apple of your eye. What is so special about apples? Historically, the apple of the eye was an idiom that simply described the pupil, or black aperture in the eyeball. In ancient times, it was believed that the pupil was a hard round object, like an apple. The apple of one’s eye came to be associated with a particular object of affection or focus by the early 1800s, possibly because one’s pupil is associated with sight—and gazing fondly at someone. love you to the moon and back What is the farthest distance you can imagine from where you are right now? Probably somewhere in outer space, right? That is the thinking behind the hyperbolic expression love you to the moon and back: you love them as much as you can possibly imagine loving someone. While the origins of this expression are a little obscure, it may have been inspired by the moon race in the 1960s. At any rate, the meaning is clear. If you love someone to the moon and back, you really love them a lot. puppy love If the notion of puppy love sounds adorable, that’s because it often is. A puppy is a young dog, and puppy love is something typically associated with young people, particularly teenagers (or someone acting like a teenager). Puppy love describes a “temporary infatuation of a young person for another person.” The temporary part is important here—often young people will fall in and out of love very quickly. lovebirds The word lovebirds is another animal-inspired idiom used to describe a couple. Lovebirds are small parrots, particularly Agapornis, that live as bonded pairs. So the word lovebirds can describe couples who display similar behavior, acting affectionately towards each other. take one’s breath away If the mere sight of someone sets the world spinning, you could say that person takes your breath away. The expression is not only used to describe love, but any strong emotion of astonishment or shock. Take one’s breath away refers to that moment when people hold their breath while experiencing strong emotions. to have butterflies in one’s stomach The object of your affections might inspire a sensation that can be described as having butterflies in one’s stomach. Imagine if you actually had a bunch of butterflies in your tummy—it would probably feel kind of strange and fluttery. This idiom can refer to anything that makes you nervous, whether that’s someone you have a crush on or a big speech. have the hots (for) Affection is not always about love—sexual attraction can be an important component of that emotion as well. That’s what the expression to have the hots (for someone) describes. Someone who is physically attractive causes a heated feeling of desire and can be described as hot. It is this figurative expression that to have the hots (for) is likely referencing. You find the other person to be hot. old flame Love, sadly, does not always last forever. Someone you used to date or desire, but no longer do, can be described as an old flame. The word flame suggests you once may have had the hots for that person. carry a torch for Another fire-related idiom to describe love is carry a torch (for). If you are carrying a torch for someone, you still have love for them even though the relationship is over and may have ended a long time ago. It’s often advised that you should not carry a torch for someone who doesn’t love you back, but it’s easier said than done. Interestingly, this idiom might be linked to the term torch song, which in the early 1900s referred to a sad love song. tie the knot When two people get married, one idiom to describe this rite of passage is tying the knot. The expression dates to the 1700s. This idiom has quite a literal origin. It refers to the ancient Celtic practice of handfasting, when a cord or ribbon is used to bind the hands of the two betrotheds together in a symbol of their marriage. get hitched Another informal expression for describing marriage is to get hitched. To hitch means “to fasten oneself to something.” If two people are getting hitched, it means they are, figuratively, fastening themselves together. whisper sweet nothings When you are lying in bed with the person you love, they may whisper sweet nothings in your ear. The expression sweet nothings refers to the kind of nonsensical, sappy things that lovers will say to one another. Another word to describe this kind of dopey language is sweet talk. lovey-dovey A couple that is particularly affectionate with each other can be described as lovey-dovey. The origins of this phrase are a little obscure. It is possible that dove, as in the bird also known as a pigeon, simply rhymes well with love. Another possible explanation is that doves are particularly affectionate towards their mates and are used as a symbol for love. Whatever the origin, when two people act all lovey-dovey, they are really in love. better half One concept of love is that the person you love “completes” you; you are “half a person” without them. This notion is what is illustrated in the expression better half. This is most often used to describe one’s spouse. those three little words A confession of love can change everything about a relationship—especially if these three words are involved: I. Love. You. The expression those three little words or those three small words refers specifically to the sentence “I love you.” my person Sometimes labeling a relationship can be tricky. The phrase my person, popularized by the long-running medical drama Grey’s Anatomy, describes someone who is a close partner but may not be a spouse. It implies that two people belong together, even if the relationship is not formalized. ride or die Ride or die is a colloquial expression describing extreme loyalty, such as you would have between two people who love each other. The term comes from modern hip-hop in reference to the legendary outlaws Bonnie and Clyde. It can function as a noun (as in she’s my ride or die) or a verb (we would ride or die for each other). Copyright 2024, XAKKHRA, All Rights Reserved.
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