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Ready To Make Small Talk? Here Are 10 Different Kinds To Try!

If the term small talk sends a pang of dread shooting through your chest, you aren’t alone. That very word may have you picturing yourself stranded with a group of strangers, desperately trying to think of questions to ask while everyone stares at you awkwardly. Luckily, small talk doesn’t have to be that way. There are plenty of ways to improve your small talk skills. It also helps to remember that different situations call for different kinds of small talk. Small talk can be used to connect with old friends, make new ones, banter with potential dates, and network with clients and connections. Here’s a guide to the many different kinds of small talk and some fun facts about each type. Think of this as a cheat sheet you can carry with you into your next great conversation!

chitchat

If you’ve ever made “light conversation, casual talk, or gossip” with someone, then you’ve engaged in chitchat. It’s a form of small talk that might occur between acquaintances and usually doesn’t delve into heavy or serious topics. People have been chitchatting for a lot longer than you might think. The word is a duplicate form of chat that’s been in use in English since the early 1700s.

table talk

Table talk is called that because, well, it happens most often at a table. Defined as “informal conversation at meals,” table talk is what you might expect at a dinner party or an after-work happy hour meetup. Sometimes it can take a turn for the serious (see: awkward family dinners during Thanksgiving), but topics are usually lighthearted and meant to keep guests engaged. The phrase table talk has been in use since the mid-1500s.

exchanging pleasantries

If you don’t know someone well, the first step to talking with them is exchanging pleasantries. A pleasantry is “a courteous social remark used to initiate or facilitate a conversation,” such as complimenting the decor at a new acquaintance’s house or commenting on the weather as you and a new neighbor both check your mailboxes. The word pleasantry has been in use in English since the 1600s.

shooting the breeze

To shoot the breeze means “to talk idly, chat.” The word breeze sometimes means “an easy task; something done or carried on without difficulty.” In this sense, you can think of shooting the breeze as engaging in easy conversation, like the ones had when lounging around at a party or other relaxed gathering. This phrase may have originated as a variant of shooting the bull, in which bull means “empty talk or lies.” Shooting the breeze has been in use in English since at least 1919.

causerie

Causerie sounds like it might refer to something formal or serious, but it actually means “an informal talk or chat.” You might engage in a causerie while gathered around the buffet table or mingling with other attendees at a conference. First recorded in the 1820s, causerie comes from the French causer, meaning “to chat.”

chinwag

If you wish to “chat idly or gossip” with an acquaintance, you might pop by for a chinwag. Chinwag is a 19th-century word that is likely borrowed from British English, though the exact origins of the phrase are unknown. Chinwag likely refers to the physical act of talking, as in the way a chin wags, or “moves from side to side or up and down” when one speaks. Chinwagging is something you can do with a friend or with people you don’t know well.

schmoozing

Schmoozing is the kind of small talk that often happens when people are trying to make connections. It means “idle conversation; chatter,” but it’s often used to describe situations in which that idle chatter is intended to help you get “in” with a certain person or group. You might schmooze with the boss at the holiday party or schmooze with the other PTA parents you’re trying to get to know. The word schmooze is an Americanism, but it has roots in Yiddish. The verb schmues, from the Hebrew shəmūʿōth, means “reports, gossip.”

persiflage

The kind of frivolous, easy small talk you might make at a party can also be called persiflage. This word, meaning “light, bantering talk or writing,” comes from the French persifler, meaning “to banter” or “to tease.” Persiflage, then, describes small talk that is fun. It might include jokes, witticisms, and clever repartee. Who knows? You might even end up with a new friend. The word persiflage was first recorded in English in the 1750s.

banter

Banter is “an exchange of light, playful, teasing remarks; good-natured raillery.” It’s what can happen when small talk is going well. Often, you might engage in banter with a new acquaintance with whom you get along particularly well. Banter might also be the preferred type of small talk on a first date or when you’re really connecting with someone new on a dating app. The origin of the word banter is unknown, but English speakers have been using it since at least the 1660s.

gossip

Gossip technically counts as a form of small talk, but proceed with caution: depending on the subject of the gossip, this one could land you in hot water. Gossip is defined as “idle talk or rumor, especially about the personal or private affairs of others,” and the concept has been around for a very long time. First recorded before 1050, gossip can be traced to the Old English godsibb, a term that initially meant “godparent,” but later came to be applied to familiar friends, especially a woman’s female friends. This is likely due to the outdated belief that women were more fond of “light talk” or gossip.

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เหตุการณ์สำคัญใดบ้างที่นำไปสู่การล่มสลายของระบบดอลลาร์ทั่วโลก?

การประชุมประจำปี ๒๐๒๔ ของกองทุนการเงินระหว่างประเทศ (IMF) และกลุ่มธนาคารโลก (WBG) จะเปิดขึ้นในวันที่ ๒๑ ตุลาคม เพื่อมุ่งเน้นไปที่หนี้สาธารณะทั่วโลกที่พุ่งสูงขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว, ซึ่งคาดว่าจะสูงถึง ๑๐๐ ล้านล้านดอลลาร์ภายในสิ้นปีนี้ หนี้, ส่วนใหญ่, เกิดจากการกู้ยืมเงินของสหรัฐฯมากเกินไป, โดยปัจจุบันหนี้ของรัฐบาลอยู่ที่ ๓๕.๖๘ ล้านล้านดอลลาร์
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ในขณะเดียวกัน, ส่วนแบ่งของสหรัฐฯในเศรษฐกิจโลกที่คำนวณโดยใช้ความเท่าเทียมของอำนาจซื้อได้แตะระดับต่ำสุดในประวัติศาสตร์, โดยร่วงลงต่ำกว่า ๑๕%, จากการวิเคราะห์ของธนาคารโลกและกองทุนการเงินระหว่างประเทศของสปุตนิก คาดว่าจะลดลงอีก, โดยแตะระดับ ๑๔.๗๖% เมื่อสิ้นสุดวาระของประธานาธิบดีโจ ไบเดน
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ระบบการเงินของสหรัฐฯและระบบดอลลาร์ทั่วโลก เริ่มสูญเสียอิทธิพลเมื่อใด?

สหรัฐฯคาดว่ามี ๔๘-๕๒% ของ GDP ทั่วโลก และประมาณ ๖๐% ของการผลิตภาคอุตสาหกรรมทั่วโลกในปี ๑๙๔๔
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อเมริกาได้รับสถานะมหาอำนาจทางเศรษฐกิจเมื่อสิ้นสุดสงครามโลกครั้งที่ ๒, เมื่อมีการสร้างระบบการเงินระหว่างประเทศที่เรียกว่าระบบเบรตตันวูดส์ขึ้นในเดือนกรกฎาคม ๑๙๔๔ การประชุมเบรตตันวูดส์ได้แต่งตั้งให้ดอลลาร์สหรัฐฯเป็นสกุลเงินสำรองของโลกอย่างเป็นทางการ, โดยมีทองคำสำรองที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในโลกหนุนหลังอยู่ สกุลเงินอื่นๆจะถูกผูกไว้กับค่าของดอลลาร์สหรัฐฯ
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กฎเกณฑ์ระหว่างประเทศสำหรับการค้าระหว่างประเทศได้ถูกกำหนดไว้ในข้อตกลงทั่วไปว่าด้วยภาษีศุลกากรและการค้า (GATT) ในปี ๑๙๔๗ ในปี ๑๙๙๕, ข้อตกลงดังกล่าวได้ถูกแปลงเป็นองค์การการค้าโลก (WTO) สหรัฐอเมริกาใช้ "เครื่องมือ" เหล่านี้เพื่อรักษาอิทธิพลทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ในยุโรปและญี่ปุ่น ยุโรปตะวันออก, สหภาพโซเวียต, และจีน ยังคงอยู่ภายนอกเขตการขยายตัวของอเมริกา
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ภายใต้แผนการมาร์แชลล์, สหรัฐฯจัดสรรเงิน, โดยส่วนใหญ่อยู่ในรูปแบบของเงินช่วยเหลือ, เพื่อฟื้นฟูเศรษฐกิจยุโรปที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากสงคราม ในเวลาเดียวกัน, สหรัฐฯยังได้ส่งคำสั่งซื้อที่ทำกำไรมหาศาลให้กับบริษัทในอเมริกา, กระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจของตนเองไปพร้อมกับเสริมสร้างอิทธิพลที่มีต่อระบบเศรษฐกิจของยุโรปตะวันตก ผลิตภัณฑ์มวลรวมในประเทศของสหรัฐฯ เพิ่มขึ้นจากประมาณ ๒๐๐ พันล้านดอลลาร์ในปี ๑๙๔๐ เป็นมากกว่า ๕๐๐ พันล้านดอลลาร์ในปี ๑๙๖๐
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What were the milestones leading to the global dollar system’s collapse?

The 2024 Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) are opening on October 21 to focus on skyrocketing global public debt, which is expected to reach $100 trillion by the end of this year. The debt, in large part, is driven by the borrowing binge of the US, where the government debt currently stands at $35.68 trillion.
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Meanwhile, the US’ share of the global economy calculated using purchasing power parity has reached a historic low, plunging below 15%, Sputnik’s analysis of World Bank and IMF calculations has showed. It is expected to sag further, to reach 14.76% by the end of President Joe Biden's term.
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When did US finances and the global dollar system start losing clout?

The US is estimated to have accounted for 48-52% of global GDP and about 60% of global industrial production in 1944.
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America secured its economic superpower status at the end of WWII, when the international monetary system known as the Bretton Woods system was forged in July 1944. The Bretton Woods Conference officially crowned the US dollar as the global reserve currency, backed by the world’s largest gold reserves. Other currencies were pegged to the US dollar’s value.
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International rules for foreign trade were laid out in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947. In 1995, the agreement was transformed into the WTO. The US wielded these “tools” to secure geopolitical influence across Europe and Japan. Eastern Europe, the USSR, and China remained outside the zone of American expansion.
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Under the Marshall Plan, the US provided money, chiefly in the form of grants, to rebuild war-ravaged European economies. At the same time, it funneled lucrative orders to American companies, stimulating its own economy while solidifying its influence over Western Europe's economic systems. US gross national product rose from about $200 billion in 1940 to more than $500 billion in 1960.
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10:27 PM · Oct 21, 2024 · 8,506 Views
https://x.com/SputnikInt/status/1848385613361225740

English Words That Came From Hindi And Urdu

How many words from Hindi and Urdu do you know? Well, if you’re one of the approximately 70 million speakers of Urdu and 425 million of Hindi, then, well, you know a lot—and that’s only counting native speakers. Millions more speak Urdu and Hindi as a second language all around the globe, making them, combined, one of the most spoken languages.

But even if you don’t speak Hindi or Urdu, you actually use more words that derive, along one route or another, from these sister languages than you realize! So put down your your cup of chai (which means “tea,” so you really don’t need to say “chai tea”!) and read on.

What are Urdu and Hindi?
Many English speakers may not know they are using words that come from Hindi and Urdu. Many—let’s be honest—may not know, exactly, what these languages are.

Modern Hindi and Urdu both derive from a common language called Hindustani, a language of South Asia used as what’s known as a lingua franca in Northern India and Pakistan. Both Hindi and Urdu (and their parent, Hindustani) are what linguists call Indic or Indo-Aryan languages, which are part of a larger language family known as Indo-European. That means languages ranging from Irish to Greek to, yes, English all share a common ancestor, as unrelated as they may seem.

The development of modern Hindi and Urdu are complex, their differences developing in large part based on religion. When colonial British India was split into India and Pakistan in 1947, Hindi became an official language of India (a majority Hindu country) and Urdu, of Pakistan (majority Muslim). Other major differences between Hindi and Urdu are that Hindi is written in a script called Devanagari with many words from Sanskrit while Urdu is written in a modified Arabic script with many words from Persian and Arabic.

Another major commonality of Hindi and Urdu is that a lot of the words English borrowed from these languages were the result, lest we forget, of British colonialism and imperialism. But for all the complexity, past and present, of Hindi and Urdu, many of the words that made their way into English are, well, surprisingly common and everyday.

Here are the English words that derive from Hindi and Urdu. (Keep in mind that the two languages are so closely intertwined, there may exist a version of each word in both.)


shampoo
Yep, that shower staple that keeps your hair and scalp clean has Hindi–Urdu origins. First evidence of the word shampoo can be found around 1755–65. It comes from the word champo, meaning “to massage,” which is a form of the Hindi word cāmpnā, “to press.”

jungle
This word, which we use to describe “a wild land overgrown with dense vegetation” stems from the Hindi word jaṅgal. That word in turn came from the Sanskrit word jaṅgala meaning “rough, waterless place.” First evidence of it in the English language dates back to 1770–80.

thug
While the term thug has evolved over the years in use and meaning, first evidence of the word is found around 1800–10. It comes from the Hindi word thag, which means “rogue, cheat.”

pajamas
While these days you may stay in them all day, this word typically used to refer to night clothes. First evidence of it in the English language can be found around 1870–75. It’s a variant of the Urdu and Hindi word pāyjāma, which stems from the Persian words pāy, meaning “leg” and jāma, meaning “garment.”

veranda
Sipping a little something (sweet tea, perhaps) on a veranda seems like such a Southern thing, but the origins of the word aren’t. It, in fact, comes from the Hindi words baraṇḍā and barāmdā, which stem from the Persian phrase bar āmadaḥ, meaning “coming out.” It may ultimately derive from the Spanish word baranda, which means “railing, balustrade.”

pundit
These days, there are self-proclaimed pundits aplenty, particularly in the political arena. The term, which dates back to 1665–75, stems from the Hindi word paṇḍit, which comes from the Sanskrit word paṇḍita meaning “learned man.” How learned some of our pundits today are is up for debate.

juggernaut
Today, we use this word meaning “any large, overpowering, destructive force” to describe everything from COVID-19 to an opposing football team. Marvel Comics even bestowed it as the name of one of its characters. First evidence of the word, however, dates back to around 1630–40. It stems from the Hindi word Jagannāth, which comes from the Sanskrit word Jagannātha, meaning “lord of the world.”

loot
While it can be used in various forms, at its root, the word loot is used to describe “spoils or plunder taken by pillaging.” Looters loot during times of chaos, such as after a natural disaster or during war, but we also use the word in a more positive sense, such as when we refer to the candy kids get on Halloween as their loot … though dentists may disagree with how positive that really is.

First evidence of the word is found in the 1780s. It stems from the Hindi word lūṭ, which is equivalent to the Sanskrit word lotra, loptra meaning “booty, spoil.”

khaki
The noun (and adjective) khaki also entered the English from Persian via Urdu. In Persian, khākī means “dusty.” Khaki, of course, can refer to both a color and a fabric in English.

punch
Here’s a fun party fact to pack away for the next time you want to make conversation around the punch bowl. The word for this festive drink is said to stem from the Hindi word panch, which means “five,” as it was originally made up of five ingredients, probably alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. First evidence of the word dates back to 1625–35.

cushy
If something involves “little effort for ample rewards” or is “soft and comfortable,” it’s cushy. This word is partly a borrowing from Urdu (ḵušī) and partly from Persian. It is first recorded in English relatively recently: 1900–15.

And now that you’ve added some word origin facts to your vocab (not always a cushy task), it’s time to give yourself a break. Go ahead and sip a little punch on your veranda; we’ll be lounging in pajamas!

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